The Muslims and Hindus of Kashmir lived in relative harmony, since the Sufi-Islamic way of life that Muslims followed in Kashmir complemented the Rishi tradition of Kashmiri Pandits, and Sufi saints such as Sheikh Noor-ud-din Wali were thought of as Muslim Rishis.

In the late 19th century a Pakistani scholar Khwaja Shamsuddin Azeemi wrote of and taught about the science of Islamic spirituality, of which the best known form remains the Sufi tradition ( famous through Rumi and Hafiz ) in which a spiritual master or pir transmits spiritual discipline to students.

Today marabout means " Saint " in the Berber language, and refers to Sufi Muslim teachers who lead lodge or school called a zaouïa, associated with a specific school or tradition, called a Tariqah (: " way ", " path ").

Muslim religious brotherhoods ( Tariqah in the Sufi tradition ) are one of the main organizing forms of West African Islam, and with the spread of Sufi ideas into the area, the marabout's role combined with local practices throughout Senegambia, the Niger river valley, and the Futa Jallon.

In Sufi tradition, parables (" teaching stories ") are used for imparting lessons and values.

This is highly contentious since the turuq were Sufi orders with established lineages while the Muslim Brotherhood is a modern, rationalist tradition.

The Dhrupad style, Sufi qawwali and the kirtan or song in the Haridasi tradition are related to bhajan.

In addition to his writings on anarchism and Temporary Autonomous Zones, Bey has written essays on such diverse topics as Tong traditions, the utopian Charles Fourier, the fascist Gabriele D ' Annunzio, alleged connections between Sufism and ancient Celtic culture, technology and Luddism, Amanita muscaria use in ancient Ireland, and sacred pederasty in the Sufi tradition.

Idries Shah ( 16 June 1924 – 23 November 1996 ) (, ), also known as Idris Shah, né Sayed Idries el-Hashimi ( Arabic: سيد إدريس هاشمي ), was an author and teacher in the Sufi tradition who wrote over three dozen critically acclaimed books on topics ranging from psychology and spirituality to travelogues and culture studies.

According to Frederic Lamond, Bracelin's name was used because Shah " did not want to confuse his Sufi students by being seen to take an interest in another esoteric tradition.

There is a historic tradition of Sufi mullahs who wander and teach, and an ancient tradition of religious universities.

The idea of a single religious truth was more apparent among Sufi mystics, who borrowed from both the Judaeo-Christian tradition and from Hinduism, than it was among orthodox scholars, who accepted the Jewish and Christian truths, but rejected all beliefs that ran counter to Islam ( such as the Trinity, the sonship of Christ, or the reality of the crucifixion ).

The Chishtī Order (-Čištī ) (-Shishti ) is a Sufi order within the mystic Sufi tradition of Islam.

In general, lower-pitched instruments are used in scholastic and religious environments, including the Sufi tradition.

Sufism () is a mystic tradition of Islam based on the pursuit of spiritual truth as it is gradually revealed to the heart and mind of the Sufi ( one who practices Sufism ).

Sufi brotherhoods ( tarikas ) are common in Morocco, and music is an integral part of their spiritual tradition.

The Sufi Dervishes are a mystical sect that use music and dance to achieve an altered state of consciousness in a tradition called zikr.

The concept has parallels in the Abrahamic religions ( in the Kabbalah tradition in Judaism, in Christian mysticism, and in the Sufi tradition of Islam ).

The poetry is typically about divine love and is most often linked to Sufi Islam. Mugam created in ancient Iran territory and developed in Azerbaijan republic and Iran Azerbaijan provinces since Safavid ( The most branch of mugam which called by bayat ( like bayat-e-kurd, bayate-shiraz, bayat-e-turk ...) created by an Azerbaijani tradition ( Bayat which have music talents ) in different provinces of Iran like kurdisatn, shiraz, isfahan.

Drawing from aspects of the Sufi tradition that were intimately familiar to both his followers and his opponents, Muhammad Ahmad claimed that he had been appointed as the Mahdi by a prophetic assembly or hadra ( Arabic: Al-Hadra Al-Nabawiyya, الحضرة النبوية ).

A hadra, in the Sufi tradition, is a gathering of all the prophets from the time of Adam to Muhammad, as well as many Sufi holy men who are believed to have reached the highest level of affinity with the divine during their lifetime.

However, the term " Sufi " is applied to Muslim mystics who, as a means of achieving union with Allah, adopted ascetic practices including wearing a garment made of coarse wool called " sf ".

It was not until the late eleventh and twelfth centuries that the Sufi tradition began accepting this form of isnad as a means to transmit mystical knowledge and blessings.

* Sikiri ( from the Arabic word " Dhikr " which means remembrance of God — performed by the Qadiriyya Sufi orders of waYao or Yao people in East and Southern Africa ( Tanzania, Mozambique, Malawi, Zimbabwe, and South Africa ).

Throughout most of the medieval and early-modern period it was known as Yasi or Shavgar and after the 16th-17th centuries as Turkistan or Hazrat, both of which names derive from the title ' Hazrat-i Turkistan ', which literally means " the Saint ( or Blessed One ) of Turkistan " and refers to Khoja Ahmad Yasavi, the Sufi Shaikh of Turkistan, who lived here during the 11th century CE and is buried in the town.

Tariqa in Arabic means " path " and it denotes a Sufi brotherhood or order.

Marifat (), which literally means knowledge, is the term used by Sufi Muslims to describe mystical intuitive knowledge of spiritual truth reached through ecstatic experiences, rather than revealed or rationally acquired.

Besides arguing that Arlequin be a character of Sufi origins, Idries Shah also wrote a chapter of The Sufis on the sufi influence over Saint Francis, arguing him having adopted the patched robe as his only garment was a clear example of a sufi influence ( Shah, I.

Some proponents of this theory argue, only on cultural grounds, that both etymologies may well be correct, and that there may have been a conscious poetic exploitation of the phonological coincidence between trobar and the triliteral Arabic root TRB when sacred Sufi Islamic musical forms with a love theme first spread from Al-Andalus to southern France.

The only Bulbul which occurs in Europe was spotted in the Cyclades and bears a yellow patch, being otherwise of a snuffy brown and this is possibly the bird which has got mixed up with the nightingale in Sufi, particularly Persian Sufi, poetry.

Of all the famous Sufi Shaykhs supposed to have been his teachers, only one-Majd ud-Din Baghdadi-comes within the bounds of possibility.

In explaining his thoughts, ' Attar uses material not only from specifically Sufi sources but also from older ascetic legacies.

A great Sultan, he was a Sufi devotee and highly regarded their Saints ; many a Sufi mystic settled in his sultanate, though only one of them rose to full ascendancy over him.

The Sama is only one of the many Sufi ceremonies performed to try to reach religious ecstasy ( majdhb, fana ).

In the 15th century, the daf was only used in Sufi ceremonies ; the Ottomans reintroduced it to Europe in the 17th century.

While their program of united resistance to Russian conquest was popular, uniting Ichkeria / Mishketia with Dagestan was not necessarily ( see Shamil's page ), especially as some Chechens still practiced the indigenous religion, most Chechen Muslims belonged to heterodox Sufi Muslim teachings ( divided between Qadiri and Naqshbandiya, with a strong Qadiri majority ), rather than the more orthodox Sunni Islam of Dagestan ; and finally, the rule of Ichkeria by a foreign ruler not only spurred distrust, but also threatened the existence of Ichkeria's indigenous " taip-conference " government structure.

A Sufi mystic and a spiritual disciple of Nizamuddin Auliya of Delhi, Amīr Khusrow was not only a notable poet but also a prolific and seminal musician.

The Sufi influence, for instance, can be seen clearly not only in the tales concerning Nasreddin but also in the works of Yunus Emre, a towering figure in Turkish literature and a poet who lived at the end of the 13th and beginning of the 14th century, probably in the Karamanid state in south-central Anatolia.

The Naqshbandi order is the only Sufi order that claims to trace its direct spiritual lineage / chain ( silsilah ) to the Islamic prophet Muhammad, through Abu Bakr, the first caliph and Muhammad's companion.

During his career, Smith not only studied, but practiced Vedanta ( studying under Swami Satprakashananda, founder of the St. Louis Vedanta Center ), Zen Buddhism ( studying under Goto Zuigan ), and Sufi Islam for more than ten years each.

Sufi Muslim moulids not only venerate the prophet Muhammad and his descendants ( such as Hussein, the second son of the fourth Caliph Ali whose moulid in Cairo can draws crowds of more than a million people ), but founders of Sufi orders, down to dozens of lesser-known sheikhs celebrated mostly in remote rural communities.

The only one who manages to enter the building is one of the pilots, a Japanese Sufi named Piscator, who never returns.

Not only did suppressed Sufi orders such as the Kadiri, Mevlevi, and Nakşibendi reemerge, but new movements were formed, including the Nurcus, Süleymancıs, and Ticani.

In some countries, such as Egypt and Sudan, Mawlid is used as a generic term for the celebration of birthdays of local Sufi saints and not only restricted to the observance of the birth of Muhammad.

Other Sufi orders have similar practices-some with similar visualizations and others choosing to focus only on the attachment of their heart to the One they are invoking.

: substitutes ) is a rank of forty saints, but more often the larger group of 356 saints in Sufi theosophy, only known to and appointed by Allah.

In fact, the Malāmatīs are considered, by one of the better known Sufi Masters, Ibn al -' Arabi, as the ultimate Sufis, people whose deep inward piety is concealed not only from the eyes of men but ultimately from themselves, the attachment to the perception of one's own piety constituting a formidable barrier to genuine self-realisation.

As the recipient was of Sufi origin, Bahá ' u ' lláh used historical and religious subtleties which sometimes used only one or a few words to refer to Qur ' anic verses, traditions, and well-known poems.