** Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education: The Supreme Court of the United States rules unanimously that busing of students may be ordered to achieve racial desegregation.

* Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education, 402 U. S. 1 ( 1971 ) — established bussing as a solution

In 1971, Mecklenburg County was the site of an important case in the American civil rights movement with Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education.

Chambers and his founding partners, James E. Ferguson, II and Adam Stein, working with lawyers of the Legal Defense Fund, successfully litigated civil rights cases and helped shape the contours of civil rights law by winning landmark United States Supreme Court rulings in such cases as Swann v. Charlotte Mecklenburg Board of Education, 402 U. S. 1 ( 1971 ), the famous school busing decision, and Griggs v. Duke Power Co. 401 U. S. 424, 91 S. Ct.

The case thereby placed an important limitation on Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education, 402 U. S. 1 ( 1971 ), the first major Supreme Court case concerning school busing.

* Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education

Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education, 402 U. S. 1 ( 1971 ) was an important United States Supreme Court case dealing with the busing of students to promote integration in public schools.

In 1965, Judge J. Braxton Craven ruled Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education in favor of Charlotte-Mecklenburg, because there was no requirement in the Constitution to act purposely to increase racial mixing.

* Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education, 402 U. S. 1 ( 1971 ) ( full text with links to cited material )

The Court issued a unanimous ruling, Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education ( 1971 ) supporting busing to reduce de facto racial segregation in schools.

Her most notable campaign took place in autumn 1975, after a federal judge ordered Boston schools to expand their busing programs to comply with the 1971 Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education decision.

In the 1971 Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education ruling, the Supreme Court ruled that the federal courts had the discretion to include busing as a desegregation tool to achieve racial balance.

" In the 1974 Milliken v. Bradley decision, the U. S. Supreme Court placed an important limitation on Swann when they ruled that students could be bused across district lines only when evidence of de jure segregation across multiple school districts existed.

Burger Court in Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education ruled that the school district must achieve racial balance even if it meant redrawing school boundaries and the use of busing as a legal tool.

In 1971, in the case of Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education ( 1971 ), the Supreme Court ordered the forced busing of poor black students to suburban white schools, and suburban white students to the city to try to integrate student populations.

* Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education

In 1971, the Court in Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education approved busing as a remedy to segregation ; three years later, though, in the case of Milliken v. Bradley ( 1974 ), it set aside a lower court order that had required the busing of students between districts, instead of merely within a district.

# REDIRECT Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education

# REDIRECT Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education

The system is best known nationally for its role as the respondent in the landmark 1971 Supreme Court decision Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Schools.

The emergence of antibacterial resistance has prompted restrictions on antibacterial use in the UK in 1970 ( Swann report 1969 ), and the EU has banned the use of antibacterials as growth-promotional agents since 2003.

* 1923 Edward Swann / Edward C. McParlan

Targ and Puthoff both believed that Uri Geller, retired police commissioner Pat Price and artist Ingo Swann all had genuine psychic abilities.

Wollheim also helped develop Marion Zimmer Bradley, Robert Silverberg, Avram Davidson, Fritz Leiber, Andre Norton, Thomas Burnett Swann, Jack Vance, and Roger Zelazny, among others.

In May 2007, it was decided that the ending of a current storyline featuring characters of Dawn Swann, Dr. May Wright and Rob Minter would be substantially rewritten due to the disappearance of toddler Madeleine McCann.

* Swann, Paul.

Notable contemporary off spinners include, Muttiah Muralitharan of Sri Lanka, who has the most wickets in both ODIs and Test matches, Saqlain Mushtaq and Saeed Ajmal of Pakistan and Graeme Swann of England.

* 1923 – Donald Swann, English composer and pianist ( Flanders and Swann ) ( d. 1994 )

And in 1974, the Steelers picked linebacker Jack Lambert, center Mike Webster and wide receivers Lynn Swann, John Stallworth and defensive back Donnie Shell as a free agent.

Bradshaw, Webster, Swann, Stallworth and Harris ended up being hall of fame players on offense, while the others formed the core nucleus of their " Steel Curtain " defense, including future Hall of Famers Greene, Ham, Blount and Lambert.

Trailing 10-7 in the fourth quarter of Super Bowl X, the Steelers rallied to score 14 unanswered points, including a 64-yard touchdown reception by Pittsburgh wide receiver Lynn Swann.

Swann, who caught four passes for a Super Bowl record 161 yards and one touchdown, became the first wide receiver to be named the Super Bowl's Most Valuable Player.

One reason why Bradshaw's numbers were much improved from the previous season was the emergence of wide receivers Lynn Swann and John Stallworth.

Swann caught a team leading 49 passes for 781 yards and 11 touchdowns.

Coming into Super Bowl X, most sports writers and fans expected that Swann would not play.

Throughout the week leading up to the Super Bowl, Swann was unable to participate in several team practices or was limited to only a minor workout in them.

Swann responded " I'm still not 100 percent.

He doesn't know Lynn Swann.

The Steelers won their second straight Super Bowl, largely through the plays by Swann and by stopping a rally by the Cowboys late in the fourth quarter.

Instead of trying to immediately tie the game on a long passing play, the Steelers ran the ball on the first four plays of their ensuing possession, and then quarterback Terry Bradshaw completed a 32-yard pass to wide receiver Lynn Swann to reach the Cowboys 16-yard line.

On the drive, Bradshaw completed a 53-yard pass to Swann to advance the ball to the Cowboys 37-yard line ; Swann's catch has become one of the most memorable acrobatic catches in Super Bowl history.

Assuming that the Cowboys would be expecting a short pass or a run, Bradshaw decided to try a long pass and told Swann in the huddle to run a deep post pattern.

Swann then caught the ball at the 5-yard line and ran into the end zone for a 64-yard touchdown completion.