He expelled the Ambans and all Chinese civilians in the country, and instituted many measures to modernise Tibet.

In 1956 – 57, China constructed a road through Aksai Chin, connecting Xinjiang and Tibet, which ran south of the Johnson Line in many places.

It may have been inhabited as early as 2000 BC, but not much was known until the introduction of Tibetan Buddhism in the 9th century, when turmoil in Tibet forced many monks to flee to Bhutan.

In literature the Yeti has appeared prominently in many works, including Tintin in Tibet by Hergé, in The Abominable Snowman of Pasadena by R. L. Stine and a gamebook in the Choose Your Own Adventure series.

Tönpa Shenrab Miwoche transmitted the lore, which was similar in many regards to Buddhism, to the people of Zhangzhung of western Tibet.

The Bonpo school is said by some to now resemble most closely the Nyingma school, the oldest school of Tibetan Buddhism, which traces its lineage to the first transmission of Buddhism into Tibet, while other researchers say many practices of Bonpos resemble folk Taoism.

Because many people in Nepal and Tibet live without healthcare, education, clean water, or bridges connecting remote villages ; Blum created the foundation to address these problems.

Before the 1955 invasion of Tibet, many of the texts and information that are now available would have been esoteric and restricted.

Known to many as the Mosuo ( also spelled Moso or Musuo ), but known often to themselves as the Na, the Mosuo are a small ethnic group living in Yunnan and Sichuan Provinces in China, close to the border with Tibet.

Sangharakshita was ordained in the Theravada school, but said he became disillusioned by what he felt was the dogmatism, formalism, and nationalism of many of the Theravadin bhikkhus he met and became increasingly influenced by Tibetan Buddhist teachers who had fled Tibet after the Chinese invasion in the 1950s.

Most of Tibet sits atop a geological structure known as the Tibetan Plateau which includes the Himalaya and many of the highest mountain peaks in the world.

Monastic figures had historically held important roles in the social and political makeup of Tibet, and though these roles have diminished since 1959, many Tibetans continue to regard the Panchen Lama as a significant political, as well as spiritual figure due to the role he traditionally plays in selecting the next Dalai Lama.

Dagzê Lake () is one of many inland lakes in Tibet, with a present area of 260 km² ( 100 square miles ).

Some prized exhibits in the Field Museum include a large collection of dinosaur skeletons in the Evolving Planet exhibit, a comprehensive set of human cultural anthropology exhibits ( with artifacts from ancient Egypt, the Pacific Northwest, the Pacific Islands, and Tibet ), a large and diverse taxidermy collection ( with many large animals, including two prized African elephants and the infamous Lions of Tsavo featured in the 1996 movie The Ghost and the Darkness ), the Ancient Americas exhibit devoted to a large collection of Native American artifacts, and Sue ( the largest and most complete Tyrannosaurus skeleton currently known ).

During the Chinese revolution a parallel process occurred as Mao Zedong and the Chinese Communist Party first promised independence and self-determination to all of China's many stateless nations, and then not only refused to deliver once the CCP's grip on power was solidified but actually invaded and annexed Tibet, which he regarded as a renegade province.

American tibetologist Donald S. Lopez, Jr., in Prisoners of Shangri-La – Tibetan Buddhism and the West ( 1998 ), points out that when discussing Rampa with other tibetologists and buddhologists in Europe, he found that The Third Eye was the first book many of them had read about Tibet ; " For some it was a fascination with the world Rampa described that had led them to become professional scholars of Tibet.

During the Rmakpon dynasty ( from the 12th century to 1840 ) the Balti invaded Ladakh and Tibet in the east and Gilgit and Chitral many times, thus making these people acknowledge the martial abilities of the Balti.

The people of Baltistan, dubbed as " mini Tibet ," are related to the Tibetans and their language is a branch of the Tibetan language, retaining many features of archaic Tibetan pronunciation.

He is also said to have personally written the Mahāyāna-samgraha, the Abhidharma-samuccaya ( a compendium of Abhidharma thought that became the standard text for many Mahayana schools especially in Tibet ), and the Yogācāra-bhūmi ( although the latter text appears to have had several authors.

During his travels outside Tibet, Chökyi Tragpa built many monasteries, among others there are four monasteries in Bhutan and he was the first of the Shamar reincarnates to visit Nepal where he built a small monastery in Swayambhunath, one of the country ’ s most sacred places.

More generally, Tibet in its entirety is seen as a ' Potemkin Village ' by many independent observers.

Amdo was and is the home for many important Tibetan Buddhist monks ( or lamas ), scholars who had a major influence on both politics and religious development of Tibet like the 14th Dalai Lama, the 10th Panchen Lama, and the great reformer Je Tsongkhapa.

There are many dialects of the Tibetan language spoken in Amdo due to the traditional geographical isolation of many tribal groups, however the written Tibetan language is the same throughout Tibet.

Ragyapas-The untouchables of the Buddhist society in Tibet.

The Buddhist Tibet, like China and Japan, had a caste system.

Later a group consisting of the three major servants of Dalai Lama, eminent officials and troops will collect the boy and his family and travel to Lhasa, where the boy would be taken, usually to Drepung Monastery to study the Buddhist sutra in preparation for assuming the role of spiritual leader of Tibet.

Many Buddhist philosophical works lost in Tibet and elsewhere are preserved in older and purer form in Mongolian ancient texts ( e. g. the Mongolian Kanjur ).

Young Buddhist bhikkhus in Tibet.

Before the modern era, the Bhikkhuni Sangha spread to most Buddhist countries including Burma ( also known as Myanmar ), with the notable exceptions being Tibet and Thailand.

Tibetan Buddhism is the body of Buddhist religious doctrine and institutions characteristic of Tibet and certain regions of the Himalayas, including northern Nepal, Bhutan, and India ( particularly in Arunachal Pradesh, Ladakh, Dharamsala, Lahaul and Spiti in Himachal Pradesh, and Sikkim ).

In the reign of King Thothori Nyantsen ( 5th century CE ), a basket of Buddhist scriptures arrived in Tibet from India.

While there is doubt about the level of Songtsän Gampo's interest in Buddhism, it is known that he married a Chinese Tang Dynasty Buddhist princess, Wencheng, who came to Tibet with a statue of Shakyamuni Buddha.

Although they did not succeed in maintaining a presence in Tibet, their texts found their way into the Tibetan Buddhist canon, providing the Tibetans with almost all of their primary sources about the Foundation Vehicle.

She was known in Tibet as Gyim shang Ong co, or, simply, Kim-sheng or Kong-co, and was a devout Buddhist.

Coinciding with the early discoveries of " hidden treasures " ( terma ), the 11th century saw a revival of Buddhist influence originating in the far east and far west of Tibet.

The bhavacakra is painted on the outside walls of nearly every Tibetan Buddhist temple in Tibet and India.

* Atisha, influential Buddhist teacher to Tibet

A more certain prehistoric period has been theorized by historians as that of the state of Lhomon ( literally, southern darkness ) or Monyul ( dark land, a reference to the Monpa aboriginal peoples of Bhutan ), possibly a part of Tibet that was then beyond the pale of Buddhist teachings.

The Mingshi — the official history of the Ming Dynasty compiled later by the Qing Dynasty in 1739 — states that the Ming established itinerant commanderies overseeing Tibetan administration while also renewing titles of ex-Yuan Dynasty officials from Tibet and conferring new princely titles on leaders of Tibet's Buddhist sects.

With the spread of Buddhism, the Buddhist swastika reached Tibet and China.

The use of the swastika by the Bön faith of Tibet, as well as later syncretic religions, such as Cao Dai of Vietnam and Falun Gong of China, can also be traced to Buddhist influence.

Examples include India (" cleft " between its Hindu majority and large Muslim minority ), Ukraine (" cleft " between its Eastern Rite Catholic-dominated western section and its Orthodox-dominated east ), France ( cleft between Sub-Saharan African, in the case of French Guiana ; and the West ), Benin, Chad, Kenya, Nigeria, Tanzania, and Togo ( all cleft between Islam and Sub-Saharan Africa ), Guyana and Suriname ( cleft between Hindu and Sub-Saharan African ), China ( cleft between Sinic, Buddhist, in the case of Tibet ; and the West, in the case of Hong Kong and Macau ), and the Philippines ( cleft between Islam, in the case of Mindanao ; Sinic, and the West ).

The Tibetan Buddhist schools, based on the lineages and textual traditions of the Kangyur and Tengyur of Tibet, are found in Tibet, Bhutan, northern India, Nepal, southwestern and northern China, Mongolia and various constituent republics of Russia that are adjacent to the area, such as Amur Oblast, Buryatia, Chita Oblast, the Tuva Republic and Khabarovsk Krai.

The August 2007 International Congress on Buddhist Women's Role in the Sangha, with the support of H. H. XIVth Dalai Lama, reinstated the Gelongma ( Dharmaguptaka vinaya bhikkhuni ) lineage, having been lost, in India and Tibet, for centuries.

His major work is the Seven Treasures, which encapsulates the previous 600 years of Buddhist thought in Tibet.

The prevalence of human sacrifice in medieval Buddhist Tibet is less clear.

In the Buddhist art of India, Bhutan, Nepal and Tibet, yab-yum is the male deity in sexual union with his female consort.