It took a generation for the council to materialize, partly because of papal reluctance, given that a Lutheran demand was the exclusion of the papacy from the Council, and partly because of ongoing political rivalries between France and Germany and the Turkish dangers in the Mediterranean.

According to Boztepe, his early days in Germany were difficult due to his Turkish heritage — he was a constant target for racial insults and, more often than not, verbal abuse would escalate into physical abuse.

The construction of the Baghdad Railway, financed by German banks, was designed to eventually connect Germany with the Turkish Empire and the Persian Gulf, but it also collided with British and Russian geopolitical interests.

By 2010 there were about 4 million people of Turkish descent in Germany.

The generation born in Germany attended German schools, but had a poor command of either German or Turkish, and had either low-skilled jobs or were unemployed.

The Turks always believed that it was essential to have the Soviet Union as an ally to counter Germany, and the signing of the German-Soviet pact undercut completely the assumptions behind Turkish security policy.

Because of the Balkans were rich in raw materials like iron, zinc and above all oil that could help Germany survive a British blockade, it was viewed as highly important by the Allies to keep German influence in the Balkans to a minimum, hence British efforts to link British promises to support Turkey in the event of an Italian attack in exchange for Turkish promises to help defend Romania from a German attack.

" Without Chains " is about Murat Kurnaz, a Turkish citizen who was born and raised in Germany, held at Guantanamo Bay detainment camp for four years.

Category: Turkish communities in Germany

Turkish Air, Iran Air, Kamair, Ural Airlines, S7 Airlines and many other international airlines operate regular flights and weekly flights to Germany and Russia.

After the German-Soviet War broke out, the Turkish government sent a military delegation under Lieutenant General Ali Fuat Erden to the German Eastern Front and Germany.

Rauf Ceylan describes the Turkish communities of Germany as " ethnic colonies ".

DJ Mahmut & Murat G is a Turkish hip hop duo from Frankfurt, Germany.

Before Turkish hip hop took hold in Turkey, specifically Istanbul and Ankara, it originally grew out of Turkish ethnic enclaves in Germany.

Owing its large population to the Turkish migrants that came to Germany in the 1960s as Gastarbeiter ( guest-workers ), 2 / 3 of all Turks in Germany are under the age of 35 and half are under 25.

From the first rap vinyl recorded in the Turkish language —‘ Bir Yabancının Hayatı ’ ( The Life of the Stranger ) by King Size Terror — to the creation of an entire subgenre — Oriental hip hop — Turkish youth in Germany have embraced and moved beyond pure imitation of African American hip-hop culture.

Turkish hip-hop had risen to prominence in Germany with the success and popularity of the Turkish rap group Cartel in the mid 1990s throughout Turkey.

Because of poor integration policies in Germany, Turkish immigrants isolated themselves in ethnic enclaves away from the dominant society and created their own vibrant communities.

Turks in Germany maintain strong connections to their homeland while constructing local Turkish networks through the conduits of globalization ; Turkish language mass media is salient in Berlin.

And, after becoming the right-hand man of Enver Pasha, he is sent by the latter to pave the way for a new Turkish Empire embracing `` the union of all Turks throughout Central Asia from Adrianople to the Chinese oases on the Silk Trade Route ''.

However, since Anatolia is now often considered to be synonymous with Asian Turkey, its eastern and southeastern borders are widely taken to be the Turkish borders with the neighboring countries, which are Georgia, Armenia, Iran, Iraq and Syria, in clockwise direction.

The Turkish word Mart is given after the name of Mars the god.

* 1982 – Turkish military diplomat Colonel Atilla Altıkat is shot and killed in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada's capital.

To the southwest of the range is the Armenian Plateau, which slopes southwestward toward the Araks River on the Turkish border.

* 1996 – Greek Cypriot refugee Solomos Solomou is murdered by Turkish forces while trying to climb a flagpole in order to remove a Turkish flag from its mast in the United Nations Buffer Zone in Cyprus.

Again, this difference is much more obvious to a Turkish speaker, for whom and are separate phonemes, than to an English speaker, for whom they are allophones of a single phoneme.

The ablative in Turkish (- den hali or uzaklaşma hali ) is expressed through the suffixes-den ,-dan ,-ten, or-tan.

* 1824 – The Battle of Kos is fought between Turkish and Greek forces.

Aegospotami ( Αἰγὸς Ποταμοί ) or Aegospotamos ( i. e. Goat Streams ) is the ancient Greek name for a small river issuing into the Hellespont ( Modern Turkish Çanakkale Boğazı ), northeast of Sestos.

Aegospotami is located on the Dardanelles, northeast of the modern Turkish town of Sütlüce, Dardanelles ( the ancient Greek Galata, Thrace, modern Turkish: tr: Sütlüce, Gelibolu ).

The name Afyon Kara Hisar ( literally opium black castle in Turkish ), since opium was widely grown here and there is a castle on a black rock.

Nowadays Afyon is known for its marble ( in 2005 there were 355 marble quarries in the province of Afyon producing high quality white stone ), its sucuk ( spiced sausages ), its kaymak ( meaning either cream or a white Turkish Delight ) and various handmade weavings.

There is also a long string of roadside kiosks selling the local Turkish delight.

It is located in the modern Turkish province of Çanakkale.

It is through the most active of these connective routes, the Turkish Straits, that the Black Sea joins the world ocean.

Bursa is also home to some of the most famous Turkish dishes such as İskender kebap, specially candied marron glacés, peaches and lokum.

Bursa is the center of the Turkish automotive industry.

A 114-kilometer link between eastern Bulgaria and the Turkish border is scheduled for completion in 2013.

The names for Germany in modern Arabic ( ألمانيا ), Catalan ( Alemanya ), Welsh ( Yr Almaen ), Cornish ( Almayn ), French ( Allemagne ), Persian ( Alman ), Portuguese ( Alemanha ), Spanish ( Alemania ), and Turkish ( Almanya ) all derive from Alamannia.

German words with umlaut would further be alphabetized as if there were no umlaut at all — contrary to Turkish which allegedly adopted the German graphemes ö and ü, and where a word like tüfek, " gun ", would come after tuz, " salt ", in the dictionary.

Faced with a Turkish attack, Charles held the support of the Protestant German rulers, all of whom delayed the opening of the Council of Trent.

The Central Powers ( German: Mittelmächte ; Hungarian: Központi hatalmak ; Turkish: İttifak Devletleri or Bağlaşma Devletleri ; Bulgarian: Централни сили ) were one of the two warring factions in World War I ( 1914 – 18 ), composed of the German Empire, the Austro-Hungarian Empire, the Ottoman Empire, and the Kingdom of Bulgaria.

For example, in German dictionaries the word ökonomisch comes between offenbar and olfaktorisch, while Turkish dictionaries treat o and ö as different letters, placing oyun before öbür.

The King and Queen were still optimistic – the Byzantine Emperor had told them that the German King Conrad had won a great victory against a Turkish army ( when in fact the German army had been massacred ), and the great troop was still eating well.

Category: German people of Turkish descent

Emin Boztepe ( born 17 June 1962 ) is an American martial artist of Turkish origin who held German nationality prior to naturalization.

Category: German people of Turkish descent

For example, the words preservative ( English ), préservatif ( French ), Präservativ ( German ), prezervativ ( Romanian, Czech, Croatian ), preservativ ( Slovenian ), preservativo ( Italian, Spanish, Portuguese ), prezerwatywa ( Polish ), презерватив " prezervativ " ( Russian, Serbian, Bulgarian ), prezervatif ( Turkish ), præservativ ( Danish ), prezervatyvas ( Lithuanian ), Prezervatīvs ( Latvian ) and preservatiu ( Catalan ) are all derived from the Latin word praeservativum.

Garlic was long frowned upon for causing halitosis, so has never played a large role in traditional German cuisine, but has risen in popularity in recent decades due to the influence of French, Italian, Spanish, Portuguese, Greek, and Turkish cuisines.

By the end of his life, he could converse in English, French, Dutch, Spanish, Portuguese, Swedish, Polish, Italian, Greek, Latin, Russian, Arabic, and Turkish as well as German.

In Turkish, Bulgarian, Czech, Danish, Dutch, Estonian, Finnish, French, German, Greek, Hungarian, Italian, Lithuanian, Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Sallan, Slovak, Slovene, Spanish and Swedish the order is reversed ; the amount is followed by a fixed space and the ISO 4217 code:

On 23 April 1939 the Turkish Foreign Minister Şükrü Saracoğlu told the British Ambassador of his nation's fears of Italian claims of the Mediterranean as Mare Nostrum and German control of the Balkans, and suggested an Anglo-Soviet-Turkish alliance as the best way of countering the Axis.

As the Germans had broken the Turkish diplomatic codes, Ribbentrop was well aware as he warned in a circular to German embassies that Anglo-Turkish talks had gone much further " than what the Turks would care to tell us ".

His first attempt ended in failure when the Turkish President Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, who remembered Papen well with considerable distaste from World War I, refused to accept him as Ambassador, complaining in private the nomination of Papen must have been meant as some sort of German sick joke.

The German Embassy in Ankara had been vacant ever since the retirement of the previous ambassador Friedrich von Keller in November 1938, and Ribbentrop was only able to get the Turks to accept Papen as Ambassador when the Turkish Foreign Minister Şükrü Saracoğlu complained to Kroll in April 1939 about when the Germans were ever going to sent a new ambassador.

At the same time, Ribbentrop took to shouting at the Turkish Ambassador in Berlin, Mehemet Hamdi Arpag, as part of the effort to win Turkey over as a German ally.