It is often useful to render image elements in separate passes, and then combine the resulting multiple 2D images into a single, final image in a process called compositing.

Though the technical details of rendering methods vary, the general challenges to overcome in producing a 2D image from a 3D representation stored in a scene file are outlined as the graphics pipeline along a rendering device, such as a GPU.

In 2D computer animation, moving objects are often referred to as “ sprites .” A sprite is an image that has a location associated with it.

In graphic arts ( 2D image making that ranges from photography to illustration ) the distinction is often made between fine art and commercial art, based on the context within which the work is produced and how it is traded.

There are two approaches to reconstructing data from such a scanner: 1 ) treat each ring as a separate entity, so that only coincidences within a ring are detected, the image from each ring can then be reconstructed individually ( 2D reconstruction ), or 2 ) allow coincidences to be detected between rings as well as within rings, then reconstruct the entire volume together ( 3D ).

In many domains, such as desktop publishing, engineering, and business, a description of a document based on 2D computer graphics techniques can be much smaller than the corresponding digital image — often by a factor of 1 / 1000 or more.

* Constellation diagram, which shows ( on a graph or 2D oscilloscope image ) how a given signal state ( a symbol ) can represent three or more bits at once.

The functionality of the library includes support for basic 2D graphics, image manipulation, text output, audio output, MIDI music, input and timers, as well as additional routines for fixed-point and floating-point matrix arithmetic, Unicode strings, file system access, file manipulation, data files, and ( limited, software-only ) 3D graphics.

In these prints a left-right pair of 2. 39: 1 non-anamorphic images are substituted for the one 2. 39: 1 anamorphic image of a 2D " scope " print.

The final step in the traditional rasterization process is to fill in the 2D triangles that are now in the image plane.

* Raster image processor for 2D rasterisation in printing systems

Another method for testing is industrial CT scanning, which can generate a 3D rendering of the board along with 2D image slices and can show details such a soldered paths and connections.

The quantity and direction of the pressure applied by the user, the skin conditions and the projection of an irregular 3D object ( the finger ) onto a 2D flat plane introduce distortions, noise and inconsistencies in the captured fingerprint image.

This aliasing is visible in images such as posters with lenticular printing: if they have low angular resolution, then as one moves past them, say from left-to-right, the 2D image does not initially change ( so it appears to move left ), then as one moves to the next angular image, the image suddenly changes ( so it jumps right ) – and the frequency and amplitude of this side-to-side movement corresponds to the angular resolution of the image ( and, for frequency, the speed of the viewer's lateral movement ), which is the angular aliasing of the 4D light field.

The lack of parallax on viewer movement in 2D images and in 3-D film produced by stereoscopic glasses ( in 3D films the effect is called " yawing ", as the image appears to rotate on its axis ) can similarly be seen as loss of angular resolution, all angular frequencies being aliased to 0 ( constant ).

A key problem was the need to convert a 2D image into a " 1D " radio signal ; some form of image scanning was needed to make this work.

Note that with the cube ( see image ) the perimeter of the 2D drawing is a perfect regular hexagon: all the black lines are of equal length and all the cube's faces are the same area.

* In first-angle projection, the projectors originate as if radiated from a viewer's eyeballs and shoot through the 3D object to project a 2D image onto the plane behind it.

* In third-angle projection, the projectors originate as if radiated from the 3D object itself and shoot away from the 3D object to project a 2D image onto the plane in front of it.

The developers ' intention was to make the sensation of flight the central gameplay element, achieved through 3D graphics and a combination of both 2D and 3D gameplay.

* A voxel is a volume element, the 3D analogue of a 2D pixel.

Python has been successfully embedded in a number of software products as a scripting language, including in finite element method software such as Abaqus, 3D animation packages such as Blender, Cinema 4D, Lightwave, Houdini, Maya, modo, MotionBuilder, Softimage, the visual effects compositor Nuke, and 2D imaging programs like GIMP, Inkscape, Scribus and Paint Shop Pro.

* DEMpack Discrete / finite element simulation software in 2D and 3D, user interface based on GiD.

Etendue for a differential element | differential surface element in 2D ( left ) and 3D ( right ).

By sweeping this surface through R < sup > 3 </ sup > as a function of the ion sequence input data, such as via ion-ordering, a volume is generated onto which positions the 2D detector positions can be computed and placed three-dimensional space.

* Winplot: General Purpose plotter which can draw and animate 2D and 3D mathematical equations.

A 3 dimensional POV display is often constructed using a 2D grid of LEDs which is swept or rotated through a volume.

A 2008 study analyzing the sexual fantasies of 200 heterosexual men by using the Wilson Sex Fantasy Questionnaire exam, determined that males with a pronounced degree of fetish interest had a greater number of older brothers, a high 2D: 4D digit ratio ( which would indicate excessive prenatal estrogen exposure ), and an elevated probability of being left-handed, suggesting that disturbed hemispheric brain lateralization may play a role in deviant attractions.

Key experimental techniques in proteomics include 2D electrophoresis, which allows the separation of a large number of proteins, mass spectrometry, which allows rapid high-throughput identification of proteins and sequencing of peptides ( most often after in-gel digestion ), protein microarrays, which allow the detection of the relative levels of a large number of proteins present in a cell, and two-hybrid screening, which allows the systematic exploration of protein – protein interactions.

More specifically, instead of representing spinors as complex-valued 2D column vectors as Pauli had done, they represented them as complex-valued 2 × 2 matrices in which only the elements of the left column are non-zero.

This allows for pseudo-realistic terrain deformation similar in style to the 2D games, in which the terrain was represented by a bitmap.

It is an extended port version of the game Worms 2: Armageddon which was released for the Xbox 360, and so it has returned to the original 2D format, unlike the last three PC games.

One could not simply consider the air flowing over a 2D cross-section of the aircraft as others could in the past ; now they also had to consider the air to the " sides " of the aircraft which would also interact with these streampipes.

The parts of the wormhole could be higher-dimensional analogues for the parts of the curved 2D surface ; for example, instead of mouths which are circular holes in a 2D plane, a real wormhole's mouths could be spheres in 3D space.

Autodesk was founded 1982 by John Walker, which led to the 2D system AutoCAD.

It is useful because it gives us an idea of the melodic qualities of the tuning, and because if R is a rational number N / D, so is ( 3R + 1 )/( 5R + 2 ) or ( 3N + D )/( 5N + 2D ), which is the size of fifth in terms of logarithms base 2, and which immediately tells us what division of the octave we will have.

If each scanline has its own layer, the Pole Position effect is produced, which creates a pseudo-3D road ( or a pseudo-3D ball court as in NBA Jam ) on a 2D system.

When projecting a 3D scene onto a 2D plane, it is necessary at some point to decide which polygons are visible, and which are hidden.

Japanese game developers Nippon Ichi and Vanillaware worked together on Grim Grimoire, a Playstation 2 title released in 2007, which features hand-drawn animated 2D graphics.

In a distributed setting with p processors arranged in a by 2D mesh, one submatrix of the result can be assigned to each processor, and the product can be computed with each processor transmitting words, which is asymptotically optimal assuming that each node stores the minimum elements.

2D graphics models may combine geometric models ( also called vector graphics ), digital images ( also called raster graphics ), text to be typeset ( defined by content, font style and size, color, position, and orientation ), mathematical functions and equations, and more.

The CRC referred to Telidon as a " second generation " system, offering improved performance, 2D color graphics, multi-lingual support and a number of different interactivity options supported on various hardware.

GRASS was similar to BASIC in syntax, but added numerous instructions for specifying 2D object animation, including scaling, translation, rotation and color changes over time.

< span style =" color :# 000000 ; background :# fffff ;"> Black labels </ span > denote dimensions of the 3D object, while < span style =" color :# ff0000 ; background :# fffff ;"> red labels </ span > denote dimensions of the 2D projection ( drawing ).

Key divisions within MV 2D visible light imaging are monochromatic vs. color, resolution, and whether or not the imaging process is simultaneous over the entire image, making it suitable for moving processes.

The BMP file format is capable of storing 2D digital images of arbitrary width, height, and resolution, both monochrome and color, in various color depths, and optionally with data compression, alpha channels, and color profiles.

In 2D Texture mapping unit, the texture sometimes glitches, and the game makes it look different, for example, high detail grass or high detail water might glitch and display at a lower resolution instead, or look like a giant blob of color instead of grass / water.

Some of the more recent graphing calculators are capable of color output, and also feature animated and interactive drawing of math plots ( 2D and 3D ), other figures such as animated Geometry theorems, preparation of documents which can include these plots and drawings, etc.

The primary methods for visualizing 2D scalar fields are color mapping and drawing contours ( isosurfaces ).

The graphics are extremely simple, 2D color graphics and in-game music was composed by musician Yoshino Imamura.

Its main uses are the origination of 2D and 2. 5D animation, visual effects compositing and finishing ( image adjustment, color correction etc .).

These systems could use both 2D and 3D graphics options, with 2D options being the greyscale GRX and the color CRX.

# Scout Says ( Traditional 2D with digital color )

# The Appointment ( 2D animation with digital color )

* With 2D sketch and paint modules, a serviceable sketch can be produced and then color and texture can be added.