By the middle of the 20th century, the great wave for independence was sweeping across Africa.

By gradually changing from “ oooh ” to “ aaah ” and back again, a spectral glide is created, emulating the ‘ sweeping filter ’ effect that is the basis of the ‘ wah-wah ’ guitar effect.

By force of arms and numbers the Royalist army was pushed backward by the New Model Army with Cromwell on the eastern bank of the Severn and Fleetwood on the western sweeping in a semicircle four miles long up toward Worcester.

By which, the Indonesian parliament decided to introduce a sweeping anti-pornography law.

By the 1970s many major cities developed opposition to the sweeping urban-renewal plans for their cities.

By modulating the electric potential between the plates, the electric field is quickly changed to give a time-varying deflection of the electrons, sweeping the electrons across a phosphor screen at the end of the tube.

By disobeying dress code flagrantly, women in Iran are making a statement — one that is so powerful that one can almost see a “ sexual revolution ” sweeping over Iran.

By 1890 there was a growing fear of degeneration sweeping across Europe creating disorders that led to poverty, crime, alcoholism, moral perversion and political violence.

By midmorning, the Spaniards were sweeping the coast with their artillery, and the fighting was fierce.

By the time the infantry went over at 7: 30 am, the German machine guns were sweeping no man's land and artillery fire was falling on the British trenches.

By making this sweeping change, many organizational and managerial challenges arise that must be taken into special consideration when companies and organizations move towards such a system.

By the mid 19th century, there was a strong desire for representative and responsible government in the colonies of Australia, fed by the democratic spirit of the goldfields evident at the Eureka Stockade and the ideas of the great reform movements sweeping Europe, the United States and the British Empire.

By the mid 19th century, there was a strong desire for representative and responsible government in the colonies of Australia, later fed by the democratic spirit of the goldfields and the ideas of the great reform movements sweeping Europe, the United States and the British Empire.

By that time, however, he was also drawn by the spirit of the Enlightenment that was sweeping across the city.

By ( 1 ), the image of this pencil is a ruled surface of order Af which is met by the plane of the pencil in a curve, C, of order Af.

By " time-gating " the detector for the arrival of a particular species of interest its crystallographic distribution on the surface, and as a function of depth, can be determined.

By banking the curve, the force exerted upon the car in a direction normal to the road surface has a horizontal component that provides this centripetal force.

Of oil merchants in Baku Çelebi writes: " By Allah's decree petroleum bubbles up out of the ground, but in the manner of hot springs, pools of water are formed with petroleum congealed on the surface like cream.

By varying the number of particles added for heterogeneous nucleation and the rate of cooling in a hot-dip process, the spangle can be adjusted from an apparently uniform surface ( crystallites too small to see with the naked eye ) to grains several centimetres wide.

By aggregating together, nonpolar molecules reduce the surface area exposed to water and minimize their disruptive effect.

By defying the convention of painting on an upright surface, he added a new dimension by being able to view and apply paint to his canvases from all directions.

By nature of surface there can be distinguished:

By September 2007 the North Pole had been visited 66 times by different surface ships: 54 times by Soviet and Russian icebreakers, 4 times by Swedish Oden, 3 times by German RV Polarstern, 3 times by USCGC Healy and USCGC Polar Sea, and once by CCGS Louis S. St-Laurent and by Norwegian Vidar Viking.

By using the London equation, one can obtain the dependence of the magnetic field inside the superconductor on the distance to the surface.

By 1938, Boris Davydov had developed a theory of the copper-oxide rectifer, identifying the effect of the p-n junction and the importance of minority carriers and surface states.

By analogy, a similar graph depicting the progress of a string as time passes by can be obtained ; the string ( a one-dimensional object — a small line — by itself ) will trace out a surface ( a two-dimensional manifold ), known as the worldsheet.

By using a counterweight, a cable would be lowered from geostationary orbit to the surface of Earth, while the counterweight was extended from the satellite away from Earth, keeping the cable constantly over the same spot on the surface of the Earth.

By the outbreak of World War II, the Royal Navy had five sets for different surface ship classes, and others for submarines, incorporated into a complete anti-submarine attack system.

By 1883, Morris wrote " Almost all the designs we use for surface decoration, wallpapers, textiles, and the like, I design myself.

By contracting the 3 + 1 dimensional surface area of the " bubble " being transported by the drive, while at the same time expanding the 3-dimensional volume contained inside, Van Den Broeck was able to reduce the total energy needed to transport small atoms to less than three solar masses.

By utilizing Haken's normal surface techniques, he classified the incompressible surfaces in the knot complement.

By replacing the liquid with gas it is possible to prepare aerogels, materials with exceptional properties including very low density, high specific surface areas, and excellent thermal insulation properties.

By area 29 % of its surface is mountainous ( Carnic Alps, eastern Dolomites and Venetian Prealps ).

By surface area, Lake Huron is the second-largest of the Great Lakes, with a surface area of 23, 000 square miles ( 59, 600 km < sup > 2 </ sup >) making it the third-largest fresh water lake on Earth ( and the fourth-largest lake, if the Caspian Sea is counted as a lake ).

By flooding a parcel of land, beavers can navigate below or near the surface and remain relatively well hidden or protected from predators.

By seeming to be a suitable target for the U-boat's deck gun, a Q-ship might encourage the U-boat captain to make a surface attack rather than use one of his limited number of torpedoes.

By seeing such varied places, both interesting and beautiful, you will become aware of the many different civilizations Rome has lived through, and in particular, get a feel of Renaissance Rome.

By the end of the century the Roman Catholic Church was beginning to make itself felt, mainly through such institutions as hospitals but also through its attitude towards organized labour.

By relaxing the throat muscles and expanding the oral cavity well into the frontal sinuses, she could direct the vowel sounds into the most felicitous position for proper reproduction through her throat microphone.

By knowing the coordinates of an object ( usually given in equatorial coordinates ), the telescope user can use the setting circle to align the telescope in the appropriate direction before looking through its eyepiece.

By seeking close alliances with powerful noble families, Alexios put an end to the tradition of imperial exclusivity and coopted most of the nobility into his extended family and, through it, his government.

By the early 1960s, the monument had grown very blackened from coal soot and automobile exhaust, and during 1965 – 1966 it was cleaned through bleaching.

* By intensifying the will-forces through exercises such as a chronologically reversed review of the day's events, the meditant can achieve a further stage of inner independence from sensory experience, leading to direct contact, and even union, with spiritual beings (" Intuition ") without loss of individual awareness.

By channeling a large electric current through the compressed carbon granules in the microphone, a small sound signal could produce a much larger electric signal.

By far the largest regional market was the Middle East, to which Brazil sold approximately 50 % of its arms from 1977 through 1988.

By promoting integration through organizations like Mercosur and UNASUR, Brazil has been able to solidify its role as a regional power.

By controlling information flow through biochemical signalling and the flow of chemical energy through metabolism, biochemical processes give rise to the complexity of life.

By the summer of 1944 the reversal of fortune was complete and Operation Bagration saw Soviet forces inflict crushing defeats on Germany through the aggressive use of armour, infantry and air power in combined strategic assault, known as deep operations.

By 1943, the Partisan resistance movement had gained the upper hand, against the odds, and in 1945, with help from the Soviet Red Army ( passing only through small parts such as Vojvodina ), expelled the Axis forces and local supporters.

By the 1980s many colleges had recognised a community need for computer training and since then thousands of people have been up-skilled through IT courses.

By then, Confucius had build up a considerable reputation through his teachings, while the families came to see the value of proper conduct and righteousness, so they could achieve loyalty to a legitimate government.

By disposing of feces and urine through composting, the nutrients contained in them are returned to the soil.

By means of her mother, Catherine had a stronger legitimate claim to the English throne than King Henry VII himself through the first two wives of John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster: Blanche of Lancaster and the Spanish Infanta Constance of Castile.

By this time, Sri Lanka had become a Test-playing nation, and Zimbabwe qualified through the ICC Trophy.

By 1921, this was to rise to 110, 000, largely through the development of bidonvilles.

By 1851 the Eagle Station ranch located along the Carson River served as a trading post and stopover for travelers on the California Trail's Carson Branch which ran through Eagle Valley.

By the time Gorbachev ushered in the process that would lead to the dismantling of the Soviet administrative command economy through his programs of glasnost ( political openness ), uskoreniye ( speed-up of economic development ) and perestroika ( political and economic restructuring ) announced in 1986, the Soviet economy suffered from both hidden inflation and pervasive supply shortages aggravated by an increasingly open black market that undermined the official economy.

By January 1972, Berg introduced through his letters that he was God's prophet for this time, further establishing his spiritual authority within the group.