Konstantinos Porphyrogennetos, the fourth emperor of the Macedonian dynasty of the Byzantine Empire in the 9th century AD, referred to Asia Minor as East thema, " ανατολικόν θέμα " ( from the Greek words anatoli: east, thema: administrative division ), placing this region to the East of Byzantium, while Europe was lying to the West.

The most important text for the study of early Korean is the Hyangga, a collection of 25 poems, of which some go back to the Three Kingdoms period ( 57 – 668 AD ), but are preserved in an orthography that only goes back to the 9th century AD ( Miller 1996: 60 ).

From the 9th century BC, Luwian regions coalesced into a number of states such as Lydia, Caria and Lycia, all of which had Hellenic influence.

Byzantine control was challenged by Arab raids starting in the 7th century ( see Byzantine – Arab Wars ), but in the 9th and 10th century a resurgent Byzantine Empire regained its lost territories and even expanded beyond its traditional borders, into Armenia and Syria ( ancient Aram ).

In the 9th century BC, the Greeks adapted the Phoenician script for use in their own language.

Walafrid Strabo, a monk of the Abbey of St. Gall writing in the 9th century, remarked, in discussing the people of Switzerland and the surrounding regions, that only foreigners called them the Alemanni, but that they gave themselves the name of Suevi.

The first universally accepted inscription containing the use of the 0 glyph is first recorded in the 9th century, in an inscription at Gwalior in Central India dated to 870.

It is probable that the island was not doricized before the 9th century BC.

The island flourished in the early 9th century, as evidenced by church construction activity, but suffered greatly from Arab raids originating from Crete.

* Saint Athanasia of Aegina ( 9th century ), abbess and saint

From the 8th century to the 9th century, many inhabitants of what is present-day Afghanistan, Pakistan, and areas of northern India were converted to Sunni Islam.

During the end of the 9th century, the Samanids extended its rule from Bukhara to as far south as the Indus River and west into most of Persia.

During the end of the 9th century, the Samanids extended its rule from Bukhara to as far south as the Indus River and west into most of Persia.

Kiernan's reasoning has in part to do with the much-discussed political context of the poem: it has been held by most scholars, until recently, that the poem was composed in the 8th century on the assumption that a poem eliciting sympathy for the Danes could not have been composed by Anglo-Saxons during the Viking Ages of the 9th and 10th centuries, and that the poem celebrates the namesakes of 8th Century Mercian Kings.

A suggestion made by John Mitchell Kemble ( 1849 ) and defended by Jäching ( 1976 ) puts a terminus post quem of the early 9th century on the Finnesburg episode at least.

His works were so influential that late in the 9th century Notker the Stammerer, a monk of the Monastery of St. Gall in Switzerland, wrote that " God, the orderer of natures, who raised the Sun from the East on the fourth day of Creation, in the sixth day of the world has made Bede rise from the West as a new Sun to illuminate the whole Earth ".

In the Prose Edda Snorri Sturluson quotes many stanzas attributed to Bragi Boddason the old ( Bragi Boddason inn gamli ), a court poet who served several Swedish kings, Ragnar Lodbrok, Östen Beli and Björn at Hauge who reigned in the first half of the 9th century.

As well as being arch chancellors of the Holy Roman Empire after the 9th century, bishops generally served as chancellors to medieval monarchs, acting as head of the justiciary and chief chaplain.

There are no bishops mentioned during the whole 8th century and part of the 9th in Bordeaux.

Bretwalda ( also brytenwalda and bretenanwealda ) is an Old English word, the first record of which comes from the late 9th century Anglo-Saxon Chronicle.

The first recorded use of the term Bretwalda comes from a West Saxon chronicle of the late 9th century that applied the term to Ecgberht, who ruled from 802 to 839.

* Old Bulgarian ( 9th to 11th century, also referred to as Old Church Slavonic ) – a literary norm of the early southern dialect of the Common Slavic language from which Bulgarian evolved.

Bethlehem then passed through the control of the Islamic caliphates of the Umayyads in the 8th century, then the Abbasids in the 9th century.

A page from Beethoven's manuscript of the 9th Symphony

9th century Byzantine manuscript illumination of I ConstantinopleHomilies of Gregory Nazianzus, 879-882

Cormac's Glossary ( also 9th century ), and a gloss in the later manuscript H. 3. 18, both explain the plural word gudemain (" spectres ") with the plural form morrígna.

* One of the oldest Arabic manuscript fragments from Syria ( a few handwritten pages ) dating to the early 9th century.

Among the more counter-intuitive inclusions was the Libri Carolini, a theological work from the 9th century court of Charlemagne, which had only survived in a manuscript in the Vatican Library, before being printed in the 16th century.

The 8th or 9th century manuscript had been respectfully buried with an Egyptian monk.

The next of the manuscripts in historical value are the Vaticanus Palatinus of the 10th century, and the Valenciennes manuscript of the 9th century.

# There is also an old Latin version of the first seventeen chapters ( the Two Ways section in chapters 18 to 21 is not present ) which dates, perhaps, to no later than the end of the 4th century and is preserved in a single 9th century manuscript ( St Petersburg, Q. v. I. 39 ).

The earliest written record of the Cornish language, dating from the 9th century, is a gloss in a Latin manuscript of the Consolation of Philosophy, which used the words ud rocashaas.

The work survives in a single manuscript, of the later 9th century, now in the Palatine Library in Heidelberg ; it contains several works.

In its Apocrypha, the Revised Version became the first printed edition in English to offer the complete text of Second Esdras, inasmuch as damage to one 9th century manuscript had caused 70 verses to be omitted from previous editions and printed versions, including the King James Version.

1 ) is a lavishly illuminated 9th century manuscript Bible commissioned by Count Vivien, the lay abbot of St. Martin at Tours, and presented to Charles the Bald in 846 on a visit to the church.

It is a 9th century Irish manuscript now held by the Library of Trinity College, Dublin ( ms 52 ).

Historical manuscripts such as the 6th century Codex Purpureus Beratinus, discovered in 1868, and the Codex Aureus, a 9th century Greek language manuscript have revealed much about the history of the region and that Berat had a reputation for producing manuscripts ; 76 of the 100 codes protected in the National Archives of Albania are from Berat, indicating its historical importance.

Much of her work focuses on the Frankish kingdoms in the 8th and 9th centuries and uses paleographical and manuscript studies to illuminate aspects of the political, cultural, intellectual, religious and social history of the early Middle Ages.

The text is found in a 9th century manuscript in the Abbey of Saint Gall.

The letter names are recorded in a 9th century manuscript of Alcuin ( Codex Vindobonensis 795 ).

It is found in a 16th century manuscript, but is believed to be a composite work compiled in the 12th century from 9th century material.

This manuscript dates to the late 8th or early 9th century AD, and the whelk dye occurs as a background panel to white lettering at the beginning of St John ’ s gospel.

It is partially preserved in the manuscript known as the Lebor na hUidre ( c. 1106 ), and completely preserved in the Yellow Book of Lecan ( c. 1401 ), written in language believed to date to the 8th or 9th century.

Most of the work that Burleigh did for Dvořák was copy work, transferring the manuscript of Dvořák's 9th symphony for the parts for various instruments.

He considers that it was first written down in Strathclyde after a period of oral transmission, and may have reached Wales in manuscript form between the end of the 8th and the end of the 9th century.

A list of rune names is also recorded in the Abecedarium Nordmannicum, a 9th century manuscript, but whether this can be called a poem or not is a matter of some debate.

The Old English Rune Poem as recorded was likely composed in the 8th or 9th century and was preserved in the 10th century manuscript Cotton Otho B. x, fol.