* Crankshaft, the part of a piston engine which translates reciprocating linear piston motion into rotation

The crankshaft, sometimes usually abreviated to crank, is the part of an engine that translates reciprocating linear piston motion into rotation.

For some engines it is necessary to provide counterweights for the reciprocating mass of each piston and connecting rod to improve engine balance.

* Crankshaft: A shaft that converts reciprocating motion of the piston into rotary motion

Steam just above atmospheric pressure ( all that the boiler could stand ) was introduced into the lower half of the cylinder beneath the piston during the gravity-induced upstroke ; the steam was then condensed by a jet of cold water injected into the steam space to produce a partial vacuum ; the pressure differential between the atmosphere and the vacuum on either side of the piston displaced it downwards into the cylinder, raising the opposite end of a rocking beam to which was attached a gang of gravity-actuated reciprocating force pumps housed in the mineshaft.

The field of application for the invention was greatly widened when Boulton urged Watt to convert the reciprocating motion of the piston to produce rotational power for grinding, weaving and milling.

A piston is a component of reciprocating engines, reciprocating pumps, gas compressors and pneumatic cylinders, among other similar mechanisms.

Trunk pistons have been a common design of piston since the early days of the reciprocating internal combustion engine.

Since the piston is the main reciprocating part of an engine, its movement creates an imbalance.

A reciprocating engine, also often known as a piston engine, is a heat engine that uses one or more reciprocating pistons to convert pressure into a rotating motion.

** Engine configuration for a discussion of the layout of the major components of a reciprocating piston internal combustion engine.

As the rotor rotates and orbitally revolves, each side of the rotor is brought closer to and then away from the wall of the housing, compressing and expanding the combustion chamber like the strokes of a piston in a reciprocating engine.

The elimination of reciprocating mass and the elimination of the most highly stressed and failure prone parts of piston engines gives the Wankel engine high reliability, a smoother flow of power, and a high power-to-weight ratio.

The surface / volume-ratio problem is so complex that one cannot make a direct comparison between a reciprocating piston engine and a Wankel engine in the surface / volume ratio.

Thus, engines with equal power should be compared: a naturally aspirated 1. 3-liter Wankel engine with a naturally aspirated 1. 3-liter four-stroke reciprocating piston engine with equal power.

This doubles the real surface / volume ratio for the four-stroke reciprocating piston engine and the demand of displacement.

In addition to the removal of internal reciprocating stresses by virtue of the complete removal of reciprocating internal parts typically found in a piston engine, the Wankel engine is constructed with an iron rotor within a housing made of aluminium, which has a greater coefficient of thermal expansion.

) versus 720 ° for a four-stroke reciprocating piston engine.

A Wankel Rotary engine is still a 4-stroke engine and pumping losses from non-power strokes still apply, but the absence of throttling valves and a 50 % longer stroke duration result in a significantly lower pumping loss compared to a four-stroke reciprocating piston engine.

( At the Le Mans 24 hour endurance race in 1991 the 26B had significantly lower fuel consumption than the competing reciprocating piston engines.

An increasing number of commercial buildings use a combined cycle with cogeneration to provide heating, often water heating, from the output of a natural gas reciprocating engine, gas turbine or stirling electric generator.

" This also increases the reciprocating vibration, however, limiting the high speed capability of the engine.

The Diesel cycle is a combustion process of a reciprocating internal combustion engine.

landfill or wastewater treatment plant, with a reciprocating engine or a microturbine, which is a small gas turbine.

In a reciprocating engine, the high-pressure gases inside the cylinders drive the engine's pistons.

Both of Watt's basic engine types were commercially very successful, and by 1800, the firm Boulton & Watt had constructed 496 engines, with 164 driving reciprocating pumps, 24 serving blast furnaces, and 308 powering mill machinery ; most of the engines generated from 5 to.

* Stroker kit, an aftermarket assembly that increases the displacement of a reciprocating engine

Apart from developing, manufacturing, and selling the Koenigsegg line of supercars, Koenigsegg is also involved in " green technology " development programs, beginning with the CCXR (" Flower Power ") flexfuel supercar and continuing through the present with the Agera R. Koenigsegg is also active in development programs when it comes to plug-in electric cars ' systems and next-generation reciprocating engine technologies.

The purpose is mostly to reduce the reciprocating mass, thus making it easier to balance the engine and so permit high speeds.

The sound generated by a reciprocating engine can be intolerable and as a result, many reciprocating engines rely on heavy noise suppression equipment to diminish droning and loudness.

The more cylinders a reciprocating engine has, generally, the more vibration-free ( smoothly ) it can operate.

The power of a reciprocating engine is proportional to the volume of the combined pistons ' displacement.

The compression ratio affects the performance in most types of reciprocating engine.

To convert the reciprocating motion into rotation, the crankshaft has " crank throws " or " crankpins ", additional bearing surfaces whose axis is offset from that of the crank, to which the " big ends " of the connecting rods from each cylinder attach.

Most steam locomotives are reciprocating units, in which the pistons are coupled to the drivers ( driving wheels ) by means of connecting rods.

When the measured pressure is rapidly pulsing, such as when the gauge is near a reciprocating pump, an orifice restriction in the connecting pipe is frequently used to avoid unnecessary wear on the gears and provide an average reading ; when the whole gauge is subject to mechanical vibration, the entire case including the pointer and indicator card can be filled with an oil or glycerin.

An early known example of rotary to reciprocating motion can be found in a number of Roman saw mills ( dating to the 3rd to 6th century AD ) in which a crank and connecting rod mechanism converted the rotary motion of the waterwheel into the linear movement of the saw blades.

He used the crankshaft with a connecting rod in two of his water-raising machines: the crank-driven saqiya chain pump and the double-action reciprocating piston suction pump.

In this case a person's arm or leg serves as the connecting rod, applying reciprocating force to the crank.

The reciprocating motion of the pistons is translated into crankshaft rotation via connecting rods.

The reciprocating assembly included a cast or forged steel crankshaft, cast or forged steel connecting rods and cast aluminum pistons.

* significantly reduced size and weight of reciprocating and rotating parts ( aluminum block, lightweight pistons and connecting rods )

* Eliminated irregularly reciprocating components such as connecting rods.

The connecting rod of the piston is rigid as opposed to a common reciprocating engine which directly connects the piston to the crankshaft with a flexible joint in the piston.

Pistons were lightened 20 percent along with connecting rods to reduce the reciprocating mass inside the engine.

These included such items as titanium connecting rods that reduced reciprocating weight ( lighter and eight times the cost ) and, gear driven camshafts.

It is common to compensate for some of the primary force generated by the reciprocating mass of the piston and connecting rod by adding counterweights to the crank webs.