* Model 35 Bonanza Single-engine utility aircraft, nosewheel landing gear, V-tail

Category: V-tail aircraft

The V-tail, invented and patented in 1930 by Polish engineer Jerzy Rudlicki, has not been a popular choice for aircraft manufacturers.

The most popular V-tailed aircraft in mass production was the Beechcraft Bonanza Model 35, often known as the V-tail Bonanza or simply V-Tail.

Category: V-tail aircraft

Even when an aircraft uses variant flight control surfaces such as a V-tail ruddervator, flaperons, or elevons, to avoid pilot confusion the aircraft's flight control system will still be designed so that the stick or yoke controls pitch and roll conventionally, as will the rudder pedals for yaw.

* V-tail, an arrangement of the tail on aircraft.

Category: V-tail aircraft

The General Atomics MQ-1 Predator unmanned aircraft has a downward pointed V-tail.

A slightly different concept that is sometimes referred to as a " flying car ", particularly in science fiction, is that of an aircraft that would be practical enough for every-day travel, but would not necessarily be drivable on the roads.

Although the term " fighter " specifies aircraft designed to shoot down other aircraft, such designs are often also useful as multirole fighter-bombers, strike fighters, and sometimes lighter, fighter-sized tactical ground-attack aircraft.

These were larger, usually twin-engined aircraft, sometimes adaptations of light or medium bomber types.

The SAC sometimes used Somali Airlines aircraft to ferry troops and supplies to war zones.

This method is sometimes used by aircraft modelers to assemble or repair polystyrene foam parts.

While the battleship had evolved primarily around engagements between armoured ships with large-caliber guns, the torpedo allowed torpedo boats and other lighter surface ships, submersibles, even ordinary fishing boats or frogmen, and later, aircraft, to destroy large armoured ships without the need of large guns, though sometimes at the risk of being hit by longer-range shellfire.

An airbase, sometimes referred to as an air station or airfield, provides basing and support of military aircraft.

Full-scale aircraft or vehicles are sometimes tested in large wind tunnels, but these facilities are expensive to operate and some of their functions have been taken over by computer modelling.

For example, sometimes aircraft noise is studied by measuring ambient sound without presence of any overflights, and then studying the noise addition by measurement or computer simulation of overflight events.

Varying from arcane to combative to humorous, and ranging from midshipmen to very senior naval aviators who sought command of aircraft carriers ( which sometimes lapsed into ego battles ), the content of most of these interviews has been lost to history, though some were later chronicled in the several books on Rickover's career, as well as in a rare personal interview with Diane Sawyer in 1984.

These aircraft were sometimes called hydroplanes.

Dunne sometimes flew an aircraft as a kite in order to develop it and confirm its flight characteristics, before adding an engine and flight controls, and flying it as an aeroplane.

Contrails (; short for " condensation trails ") or vapor trails are long thin artificial clouds that sometimes form behind aircraft.

Unusual examples include Aureobasidium pullulans, which feeds on wall paint, and the kerosene fungus Amorphotheca resinae, which feeds on aircraft fuel ( causing occasional problems for the airline industry ), and may sometimes block fuel pipes.

This aircraft type is sometimes also loosely called the " Avro 146 ".

Airlines and their partners sometimes use these for flights between small hubs, or for bringing passengers to hub cities where they may board larger aircraft.

The Cessna Caravan and Pilatus PC-12, are single-engine turboprops, sometimes used as a small airliner, although many countries stipulate a minimum requirement of two engines for aircraft to be used as airliners.

The term " fighter " is also sometimes applied to aircraft that have virtually no air-air capability – for example the A-10 ground-attack aircraft is operated by USAF " Fighter " squadrons.

However, sometimes jumps are designated tailgate, which is where the tailgate is lowered and the jumpers exit the aft end of the aircraft.

Other effects that may impact the economy are: reduced visibility affecting aircraft and road transportation ; reduced sunlight reaching the surface ; increased cloud formation increasing the heat blanket effect ; high level dust sometimes obscures the sun over Florida ; effects on human health of breathing dust.

A tiltrotor is an aircraft which uses a pair or more of powered rotors ( sometimes called proprotors ) mounted on rotating shafts or nacelles at the end of a fixed wing for lift and propulsion, and combines the vertical lift capability of a helicopter with the speed and range of a conventional fixed-wing aircraft.

One of the significant parts in aeronautics is a branch of physical science called aerodynamics, which deals with the motion of air and the way that it interacts with objects in motion, such as an aircraft.

Air shows without aerobatic displays, having only aircraft displayed parked on the ground, are called " static air shows ".

The F-5s are under a modernisation program called F-5BR program, the aircraft official designation is F-5M.

Special variants called aircraft catapults are used to launch planes from land bases and sea carriers when the takeoff runway is too short for a powered takeoff or simply impractical to extend.

However, carriers have been called upon to be first responders even when conventional land based aircraft were employed.

The American Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, has shown an interest in the concept with a sixty five million dollar program called Transformer to develop a four place roadable aircraft by 2015.

Often, aircraft that do not fulfill the standard definition are called fighters.

The U. S. Army called their fighters " pursuit " aircraft from 1916 until the late 1940s.

* Flight data recorder, a type of flight recorder used to record aircraft and pilot behavior to analyze accidents ( commonly called " black boxes ")

High performance aircraft that have FBW controls ( also called CCVs or Control-Configured Vehicles ) may be deliberately designed to have low or even negative stability in some flight regimes, the rapid-reacting CCV controls compensating for the lack of natural stability.

Hang gliding is an air sport in which a pilot flies a light and unmotorized foot-launchable aircraft called a hang glider ( also known as Delta plane or Deltaplane ).

Pitot tubes on aircraft commonly have heating elements called pitot heat to prevent the tube from becoming clogged with ice.

Many collectors limit their collecting to particular countries, certain time periods or particular subjects ( called " topicals ") like birds or aircraft on stamps.

When civil aircraft started to use the field ( 17 December 1920 ) it was often called Schiphol-les-bains.

Thorium is a component of the magnesium alloy series, called Mag-Thor, used in aircraft engines and rockets and imparting high strength and creep resistance at elevated temperatures.

A de-facto skill system exists in the form of " character classes " which give numerical bonuses to certain activities if their role called for it ( for instance, a pilot having a + 1 modifier on their roll to fly an aircraft ).

Vehicles that do not travel on land often are called craft, such as watercraft, sailcraft, aircraft, hovercraft and spacecraft.

These types of aircraft are called spaceplanes.

The resulting shock waves formed at these points of supersonic flow can bleed away a considerable amount of power, which is experienced by the aircraft as a sudden and very powerful form of drag, called wave drag.

Work there resulted in the design and installation of aircraft detection and tracking stations called Chain Home along the East and South coasts of England in time for the outbreak of World War II in 1939.

All airports use a traffic pattern ( often called a traffic circuit outside the U. S .) to assure smooth traffic flow between departing and arriving aircraft.

Large airports have a frequency called Clearance Delivery which is used by departing aircraft specifically for this purpose.

* Circuit ( airfield ), also called the pattern, a standard path followed by aircraft when taking off or landing

For example, conversations of other people may be called noise by people not involved in any of them ; any unwanted sound such as domesticated dogs barking, neighbours playing loud music, portable mechanical saws, road traffic sounds, or a distant aircraft in quiet countryside, is called noise.