However, there is also evidence that silent reading did occur in antiquity and that it was not generally regarded as unusual.

Amber has been used since antiquity in the manufacture of jewelry and ornaments, and also in folk medicine.

The poem also begins in medias res (" into the middle of affairs ") or simply, " in the middle ", which is a characteristic of the epics of antiquity.

In antiquity other cultures also produced works of high art using bronze.

The Pilier des nautes links him with sailors and with commerce, suggesting that he was also associated with material wealth as does the coin pouch from the Cernunnos of Rheims ( Marne, Champagne, France )— in antiquity, Durocortorum, the civitas capital of the Remi tribe — and the stag vomiting coins from Niedercorn-Turbelslach ( Luxembourg ) in the lands of the Treveri.

The inferior status to which the deuteros were relegated by authorities like Jerome is seen by some as being due to a rigid conception of canonicity, one demanding that a book, to be entitled to this supreme dignity, must be received by all, must have the sanction of Jewish antiquity, and must moreover be adapted not only to edification, but also to the " confirmation of the doctrine of the Church ".

In antiquity, the Greek historian Herodotus mentioned that the world had been divided by unknown persons into three parts, Europe, Asia, and Libya ( Africa ), with the Nile and the River Phasis forming their boundaries — though he also states that some considered the River Don, rather than the Phasis, as the boundary between Europe and Asia.

Disappointed love also found its way onto walls in antiquity:

Ska also points out the purpose behind such antiquarian histories: antiquity is needed to prove the worth of Israel's traditions to the nations ( the neighbours of the Jews in early Persian Palestine ), and to reconcile and unite the various factions within Israel itself.

A leading scientist of classical antiquity, Archimedes also developed elaborate systems of pulleys to move large objects with a minimum of effort.

Known as " Ofioussa " ( having snakes ) and " Pityoussa " ( having pine trees ) in antiquity, during the medieval age the island was ruled by a number of external powers and has also been known as Scio ( Genoese ), Chio ( Italian ) and Sakız ( صاقيز — Ottoman Turkish ).

In antiquity, most of the territory that is now the Republic of Macedonia was included in the kingdom of Paeonia, which was populated by the Paeonians, a people of Thracian origins, but also parts of ancient Illyria and Dardania, inhabited by various Illyrian peoples, and Lyncestis and Pelagonia populated by the ancient Greek Molossian tribes.

The actual duties of the midwife in antiquity consisted mainly of assisting in the birthing process, although they may also have helped with other medical problems relating to women when needed.

In classical antiquity, mirrors were made of solid metal ( bronze, later silver ) and were too expensive for widespread use by common people ; they were also prone to corrosion.

Although apart from the practice of magic, this was not a revival of pagan cultic practice, the Renaissance was a " rebirth " of the philosophy of pagan antiquity especially Platonism ( or Neo-Platonism, Plotinism ), but also Epicureanism, re-introduced by Baroque philosopher Pierre Gassendi, described as a " new paganism " in the history of philosophy.

Parallel to the development of warships, ships in service of marine fishery and trade also developed in the period between antiquity and the Renaissance.

Used since the 11th century BC in the ancient Near East, the 4th century BC in Europe and also in antiquity in the Far East, siege towers were of unwieldy dimensions and, like trebuchets, were therefore mostly constructed on site of the siege.

The Sea of Marmara (, ), also known as the Sea of Marmora or the Marmara Sea, and in the context of classical antiquity as the Propontis (), is the inland sea that connects the Black Sea to the Aegean Sea, thus separating Turkey's Asian and European parts.

In human color psychology, purple is also associated with royalty and nobility ( stemming from classical antiquity when Tyrian purple was only affordable to the elites ).

The notion of such an action by an audience was however recognized in antiquity, as seen particularly in the Roman theoretical concerns of Horace, who also lived in an age of increasing skepticism about the supernatural, in his Ars Poetica.

The rude ways of the Highlanders were often scorned, but their toughness also called forth a degree of admiration among " hard " primitivists, just that of the Spartans and the Germans had done in antiquity.

As a program, scholasticism began as an attempt at harmonization on the part of medieval Christian thinkers: to harmonize the various authorities of their own tradition, and to reconcile Christian theology with classical and late antiquity philosophy, especially that of Aristotle but also of Neoplatonism.

The idea of internalised unconscious processes in the mind was also instigated in antiquity and has been explored across a wide variety of cultures.

De Camp also wrote historical fiction, set in the era of classical antiquity from the height of the Persian Empire to the waning of the Hellenistic period, which forms a loosely-connected series based on their common setting and occasional cross references.

They were also linked by a common focus on the advancement of scientific knowledge, de Camp's chosen protagonists being explorers, artisans, engineers, innovators and practical philosophers rather than famous names from antiquity, who are relegated to secondary roles.

As Slavic linguistic unity lasted into late antiquity, in the oldest manuscripts this language was initially referred to as языкъ словяньскъ, " the Slavic language ".

Sometimes referred to as the Princeps mathematicorum ( Latin, " the Prince of Mathematicians " or " the foremost of mathematicians ") and " greatest mathematician since antiquity ", Gauss had a remarkable influence in many fields of mathematics and science and is ranked as one of history's most influential mathematicians.

The ancient sources located their original home in Jutland, in present-day Denmark, which was referred to as the Cimbrian peninsula throughout antiquity ( / Kimbrikē Chersonēsos ).

This schema is sometimes referred to as " classical education " but it is more accurately a development of the 12th and 13th centuries with recovered classical elements, rather than an organic growth from the educational systems of antiquity.

In antiquity, Romans may have referred to the Colosseum by the unofficial name Amphitheatrum Caesareum ; this name could have been strictly poetic as it was not exclusive to the Colosseum ; Vespasian and Titus, builders of the Colosseum, also constructed an amphitheater of the same name in Puteoli ( modern Pozzuoli ).

They also appear in Pliny the Elder's Natural History, together with Moses, as famous magicians of antiquity ; Pliny's citation is also referred to in Apuleius.

), in the later periods of antiquity gymnopaedia is referred to as a particular dance.

The name Dyrrhachion is usually explained as a Greek compound from ' bad ' and ' rocky shore, flood, roaring waves ', an explanation already hinted at in antiquity by Cassius Dio, who writes it referred to the difficulties of the rocky coastline, while also reporting other Roman authors linked it to the name of an eponymous hero Dyrrachius.

Several classical authors of antiquity reproduce the myth of the loss of memory connected to crossing the Límia River, referred by them as Lethes or Oblivionis ( compare the river Lethe of Greek mythology ).

This rapid shift in population and settlement, from dispersed localized settlements to a central urban site in a previously unsettled area, has been referred to as the “ Monte Alban Synoikism ” by Marcus and Flannery ( 1996: 140-146 ) in reference to similar recorded instances in the Mediterranean area in antiquity.

* Koine Greek-also referred to as " the common dialect " or " Alexandrian dialect ", " common Attic " or " Hellenistic Greek "-the universal dialect spoken throughout post-Classical antiquity ( c. 300 BC – 300 AD )

Human occupation on Berlenga Grande ( the only habitable island ) dates back to antiquity: the islands are referred to in Ptolemy's Geography as Λονδοβρίς ( Londobris ).

No other writer of antiquity nor any epigraphic finding known had referred to Allianoi.

However, a direct citation ( name and title ) is rare in antiquity, and it may have referred to Book 1 of his History.

The sacred place referred to is supposed to have been a famous shrine that existed in antiquity on the top of the hill known as Mont-Valérien.

In antiquity, the river was known as Tibiscus and Tibisis ; in addition, Edward Gibbon referred to it as the Teyss.

Due to its antiquity it was sometimes referred to as " Starża ", an Old-Polish word denoting great age.

Styrax ( referred to as storax in antiquity ) is mentioned alongside of onycha in Eccesiasticus 24: 15 when alluding to the sacred incense.

Having another woman bear a child for a couple to raise, usually with the male half of the couple as the genetic father, is referred to in antiquity.

" Asp " is the modern Anglicisation of the word " aspis ," which in antiquity referred to any one of several venomous snake species found in the Nile region.

Zeila is an ancient city, and has been identified with what was referred to in classical antiquity as the town of Avalites, situated in the erstwhile Barbara geographical region on the northern Somali coast.

The name Persian Gulf is written in upper left. Regional map showing the word Khuzestan, underlined in red, from the 9th century text Al-aqalim by the great geographer Istakhri. Although Herodotus and Xenophon referred to the entire region as Susiana, the name Khuzestan is what has been referred to the southwestern most province of Persia ( Iran ) from antiquity.

In antiquity the title was also written Naupaktika ( Latin Naupactica ), and it is also in the present day sometimes referred to among scholars by the Latin phrase carmen Naupactium (" Naupactian poem ").