In Italian, possibly following a tradition of antiquity, the Arcipelago ( from medieval Greek * ἀρχιπέλαγος ) was the proper name for the Aegean Sea and, later, usage shifted to refer to the Aegean Islands ( since the sea is remarkable for its large number of islands ).

The Amazons (, Amazónes, singular, Amazōn ) are a nation of all-female warriors in Greek mythology and Classical antiquity.

( The letters of the Greek alphabet were used in antiquity as numerals, so Bayer's scheme might be regarded as a numbering system.

The legend was a popular motif in art during Greek and Roman antiquity and served as an antithetical cautionary tale.

In antiquity, Greek reports of cannibalism, ( often called anthropophagy in this context ) were related to distant non-Hellenic barbarians, or else relegated in Greek mythology to the ' primitive ' chthonic world that preceded the coming of the Olympian gods: see the explicit rejection of human sacrifice in the cannibal feast prepared for the Olympians by Tantalus of his son Pelops.

Though female centaurs, called Kentaurides, are not mentioned in early Greek literature and art, they do appear occasionally in later antiquity.

The word is a compound from two Greek terms, ἢλεκτρον, ēlektron, " amber " ( as electrostatic phenomena were first described as properties of amber by the philosopher Thales ), and μαγνήτης, magnētēs, " magnet " ( the magnetic stones found in antiquity in the vicinity of the Greek city of Magnesia, in Lydia, Asia Minor ).

* On the comparative antiquity of the Sinaitic and Vatican manuscripts of the Greek Bible .. ( 1872 )

Erasmus wrote a glowing encomium about the artist, likening him to famous Greek painter of antiquity Apelles.

Most scientific treatises of classical antiquity ( in Greek ) were unavailable, leaving only simplified summaries and compilations.

Together with the Latin texts and traditions of the Roman world, the study of the Greek texts and society of antiquity constitutes the discipline of classics.

Greek was a widely spoken lingua franca in the Mediterranean world and beyond during classical antiquity, and would eventually become the official parlance of the Byzantine Empire.

Although Greek has undergone morphological and phonological changes comparable to those seen in other languages, there has been no time in its history since classical antiquity where its cultural, literary, and orthographic tradition was interrupted to such an extent that one can easily speak of a new language emerging.

The period known as classical antiquity began with the rise of the city-states of Ancient Greece out of the Greek Dark Ages.

Other noteworthy and famous Greek historians include Plutarch ( 2nd century AD ), who wrote several biographies, the Parallel Lives, in which he wanted to assess the morality of its characters by comparing them in pairs, and Polybius ( 3nd century BC ), who developed Thucydides's method further, becoming one of the most objective historians of classical antiquity.

Two of the most notable Mediterranean civilizations in classical antiquity were the Greek city states and the Phoenicians.

In late antiquity, knowledge of Greek declined in Latin-speaking western Europe and, along with it, knowledge of Homer's poems.

In classical antiquity, hero cults that venerated deified heroes such as Heracles, Perseus, and Achilles played an important role in Ancient Greek religion.

Greek mathematician Archimedes, famous for his ideas regarding fluid mechanics and buoyancyIn the 3rd century BCE, the Greek mathematician Archimedes of Syracuse ( ( 287 BCE-212 BCE )-generally considered to be the greatest mathematician of antiquity and one of the greatest of all time-laid the foundations of hydrostatics, statics and calculated the underlying mathematics of the lever.

In 1985 Classical historian Georg Luck, in his Arcana Mundi: Magic and the Occult in the Greek and Roman Worlds, theorised that the origins of the Witch-cult may have appeared in late antiquity as a faith primarily designed to worship the Horned God, stemming from the merging of Cernunnos, a horned god of the Celts, with the Greco-Roman Pan / Faunus, a combination of gods which he posits created a new deity, around which the remaining pagans, those refusing to convert to Christianity, rallied and that this deity provided the prototype for later Christian conceptions of the Devil, and his worshippers were cast by the Church as witches.

The name Lupercalia was believed in antiquity to evince some connection with the Ancient Greek festival of the Arcadian Lykaia ( from Ancient Greek: λύκος — lukos, " wolf ", Latin lupus ) and the worship of Lycaean Pan, assumed to be a Greek equivalent to Faunus, as instituted by Evander.

In the 19th century Jacob Burckhardt viewed Eusebius as ' a liar ', the “ first thoroughly dishonest historian of antiquity .” Ramsay MacMullen in the 20th century regarded Eusebius's work as representative of early Christian historical accounts in which “ Hostile writings and discarded views were not recopied or passed on, or they were actively suppressed ..., matters discreditable to the faith were to be consigned to silence .” As a consequence this kind of methodology in MacMullens view has distorted modern attempts, ( e. g. Harnack, Nock, and Brady ), to describe how the Church grew in the early centuries.

* Jacob Burckhardt ( 19th century cultural historian ) dismissed Eusebius as " the first thoroughly dishonest historian of antiquity ".

The Cymean historian Ephorus held the same view, and the idea gained support in antiquity on the strength of a false etymology which derived his name from ho mḕ horṓn (: " he who does not see ").

However, the tradition is comparatively late ( it dates from Josephus, a 1st century AD historian ), and scholars are practically unanimous that the book had a long period of growth, that it includes some material of considerable antiquity, and that it reached its present form in the Persian period ( 538 – 332 BC ).

Bosworth alleges that " Arrian was prone to the errors of misunderstanding and faulty source conflation that one would expect in a secondary historian of antiquity ".

According to the historian Frank Dikötter, " The delusive myth of a Chinese antiquity that abandoned racial standards in favour of a concept of cultural universalism in which all barbarians could ultimately participate has understandably attracted some modern scholars.

Long before this William of Malmesbury, a historian interested in Arthur, said in his history of England " But Arthur ’ s grave is nowhere seen, whence antiquity of fables still claims that he will return.

On the whole, antiquity looked favourably on Sallust as an historian.

During these years Droysen studied classical antiquity ; he published a translation of Aeschylus in 1832 and a paraphrase of Aristophanes ( 1835 – 1838 ), but the work by which he made himself known as a historian was his Geschichte Alexanders des Grossen ( History of Alexander the Great ), ( Berlin, 1833 and other editions ), a book that long remained the best work on Alexander the Great.

Others disagreed with this explanation ; the Russian-Jewish historian Solomon Lurie wrote ( in his book on antisemitism in antiquity published in 1922 ) that this explanation was arbitrary and ad hoc invented: according to the Gospels, it was the Roman soldiers, not the Jews, who mocked Christ.

As a historian of myth as it was embedded in the details of Hellenic culture, its " characteristic social existence " as he put it, Kerényi opposed his " differentiated thinking about the concrete realities of human life " with the " summary thinking " that represented for him the influence of Sir James Frazer on the study of the peoples of antiquity and Greek religion especially.

A steady stream of books and articles has since appeared, and currently, Brown is arguably the most prominent historian of late antiquity.

As Jacob Burckhardt, Swiss historian and author of the classic The Civilization of the Renaissance in Italy described, “ It was not the revival of antiquity alone, but its union with the genius of the Italian people which achieved the conquest of the western world .” In sum, Cavalcanti lived during and helped shape this time of great innovation that was spurred on by a desire to explore, create and experiment with new things.

" Gildredge, an ancient house and estate ," says Sussex historian Mark Antony Lower, " gave name to a family of considerable antiquity, who subsequently had their chief residence at Eastbourne, and gave their name to the manor of Eastbourne-Gildredge.

According to the historian Neagu Djuvara, name Gelou is of Romanian origin and has roots from antiquity ( one settlement in ancient Thrace was named Geloupara ), while according to the historian Gyula Kristó his name may have been of Turkic or Hungarian origin.

The archaeological survey of the years 1977-1980 due to the antiquity of Ripacandida the seventh century BC, but by the end of the nineteenth century historian Lucan Michele Lacava found some caves dating archeolitica and floor mosaics at the foot of Ripacandida.

The Antiquary ( 1816 ) is a novel by Sir Walter Scott about several characters including an antiquary: an amateur historian, archaeologist and collector of items of dubious antiquity.

The artefacts were lost before their antiquity could be confirmed, but led local historian W. Thompson Wakin to suggest there was probably a Roman villa in the area.

In Wales, the game of cnapan was described at length by George Owen of Henllys, an eccentric historian of Pembrokeshire, in 1603 :" This game ... is thought to be of great antiquity and is as followeth.

Although The Histories were often criticized in antiquity for bias, inaccuracy and plagiarism — Lucian of Samosata attacked Herodotus as a liar in Verae Historiae and went as far as to deny him a place among the famous on the Island of the Blessed — modern historians and philosophers take a more positive view of Herodotus's methodology, especially those searching for a paradigm of objective historical writing.

Herodotus, one of the foremost biographers in antiquity who lived in Greece at the time when the Macedonian king Alexander I was in power, recorded:

The name " Crimea " is traceable to the Crimean Tatar word qırım ( my steppe, hill ), and the peninsula was known as Taurica, ( Peninsula ) of the Tauri, in antiquity ( Strabo 7. 4. 1 ; Herodotus 4. 99. 3, Amm.

Gergis, a city of Dardania in the Troad, a settlement of the ancient Teucri, and, consequently, a town of very great antiquity ( Herodotus iv: 122 ).

The Massageteans or (; ) were an Iranian nomadic confederation in antiquity known primarily from the writings of Herodotus.

In antiquity, Nile crocodiles occurred in the Nile Delta and the Zarqa River ( Jordan ), and they are recorded by Herodotus to have inhabited Lake Moeris.

In classical antiquity, writers such as Herodotus, Plato, Xenophon, Athenaeus and many others explored aspects of same-sex love in ancient Greece.

The name Persian Gulf is written in upper left. Regional map showing the word Khuzestan, underlined in red, from the 9th century text Al-aqalim by the great geographer Istakhri. Although Herodotus and Xenophon referred to the entire region as Susiana, the name Khuzestan is what has been referred to the southwestern most province of Persia ( Iran ) from antiquity.