Known as " Ofioussa " ( having snakes ) and " Pityoussa " ( having pine trees ) in antiquity, during the medieval age the island was ruled by a number of external powers and has also been known as Scio ( Genoese ), Chio ( Italian ) and Sakız ( صاقيز — Ottoman Turkish ).

In antiquity, according to a fragment of Callimachus ' lost Aitia, there was a tomb of Peleus in Ikos ( modern Alonissos ), an island of the northern Sporades ; there Peleus was venerated as " king of the Myrmidons " and the " return of the hero " was celebrated annually.

There is scant literary evidence for two more ship trackways by that name in antiquity, both located in Roman Egypt: The physician Oribasius ( c. 320 – 400 AD ) records two passages from his 1st century AD colleague Xenocrates, in which the latter casually refers to a diolkos close to the harbor of Alexandria which may have been located at the southern tip of the island of Pharos.

The three villages of Dragoulas, Mármara and Tsipidos, situated on an open plain on the eastern side of the island, and rich in remains of antiquity, probably occupy the site of an ancient town.

Nas had been a sacred spot to the pre-Greek inhabitants of the Aegean and an important island port in antiquity, the last stop before testing the dangerous seas around Ikaria.

Though often considered to be an island in antiquity, modern interpretations of what was meant by Thule often identify it as Norway.

The island was known as Sason () in antiquity and was already mentioned by Polybius in a military episode taking place in 215 BC.

In Greek mythology, Symi is reputed to be the birthplace of the Charites and to take its name from the nymph Syme ( in antiquity the island was known as Aigli and Metapontis ), though Pliny the Elder and some later writers claimed it came from the word scimmia meaning a monkey.

Human occupation on Berlenga Grande ( the only habitable island ) dates back to antiquity: the islands are referred to in Ptolemy's Geography as Λονδοβρίς ( Londobris ).

Relics of antiquity are found all over the island.

Through Classical antiquity, the island came under the control of a succession of regional powers, including the Persian, Ancient Roman and Byzantine empires.

Vineyards have existed on the island since antiquity and today occupy one-third of the total land of the island and 80 % of its agricultural land, In the mid-1800s, the island exported 800, 000 barrels of wine annually and was revered as the best wine in the Eastern Mediterranean.

Many religions are present in northern England, with Christianity remaining the largest since the Early Middle Ages, though its existence on the island dates back to the Roman introduction in antiquity and continued through Early Insular Christianity.

Some academics believe that this animal was worshiped on the island during antiquity.

The silkworms of the Greek island of Cos were cultivated in antiquity, but the product was never comparable to Chinese silk.

The island has been linked to the rest of Rome by two bridges since antiquity, and was once called Insula Inter-Duos-Pontes which means " the island between the two bridges ".

In antiquity the island was proverbial for its insignificance and for the alleged muteness of its frogs.

In antiquity, the island was named " Euonymus "; the nearby islet of Basiluzzo, administered from Panarea, was named " Hycesia ".

In antiquity, the island of Antikythera was known as Aigila or Ogylos.

Kálamos ( Greek: Κάλαμος, known in antiquity as Καρνος-Karnos ), is a mountainous island and a former community in the Ionian Islands, Greece.

Metaphysics is no longer a direct grappling with nature as it was in antiquity.

In Italian, possibly following a tradition of antiquity, the Arcipelago ( from medieval Greek * ἀρχιπέλαγος ) was the proper name for the Aegean Sea and, later, usage shifted to refer to the Aegean Islands ( since the sea is remarkable for its large number of islands ).

Amethyst was used as a gemstone by the ancient Egyptians and was largely employed in antiquity for intaglio engraved gems.

The practice of reading to oneself without vocalizing the text was less common in antiquity than it has since become.

However, there is also evidence that silent reading did occur in antiquity and that it was not generally regarded as unusual.

It was said in antiquity that the people of Amathus were autochthonous, or " Pelasgian ".

The constellation Pyxis ( the mariner's compass ) occupies an area which in antiquity was considered part of Argo's mast ( called Malus ).

He displayed great literary skill in his exposition of the laws, and was one of the first to interpret the civil law by the history, languages and literature of antiquity, and to substitute original research for the servile interpretations of the glossators.

It was here he was to perfect himself by a study of the most splendid relics of antiquity, and to put his talents to the severest test by a competition with the living masters of the art.

By a public decree, this fine work was placed in one of the stanze of the Vatican hitherto reserved for the most precious works of antiquity.

The possible existence of a genuine Atlantis was discussed throughout classical antiquity, but it was usually rejected and occasionally parodied by later authors.

It was famous in antiquity for its oracle of Apollo Abaeus, one of those consulted by Croesus, king of Lydia, and Mardonius, among others.

Caustic potash was traditionally used in conjunction with animal fats to produce soft soaps, one of the caustic processes that rendered soaps from fats in the process of saponification, known since antiquity.

In antiquity, Arcturus was closer to the centre of the constellation.

Strabo's Geography ( 1. 2. 10 ) reports that in antiquity, the Black Sea was often just called " the Sea " ( ho pontos ).

As Slavic linguistic unity lasted into late antiquity, in the oldest manuscripts this language was initially referred to as языкъ словяньскъ, " the Slavic language ".

It is hard and brittle, and it was particularly significant in antiquity, so much so that the Bronze Age was named after the metal.

The legend was a popular motif in art during Greek and Roman antiquity and served as an antithetical cautionary tale.

The 1549 book was, from the outset, intended only as a temporary expedient, as Bucer was assured having met Cranmer for the first time in April 1549: ' concessions ... made both as a respect for antiquity and to the infirmity of the present age ' as he wrote.

The ancient sources located their original home in Jutland, in present-day Denmark, which was referred to as the Cimbrian peninsula throughout antiquity ( / Kimbrikē Chersonēsos ).

Alchemy is an influential philosophical tradition whose early practitioners ' claims to profound powers were known from antiquity.

In the absence of other evidence to show the origin of these curious relics of antiquity the occurrence of a name known as Basilidian on patristic authority has not unnaturally been taken as a sufficient mark of origin, and the early collectors and critics assumed this whole group to be the work of Gnostics.

Although few details of his life are known, he is regarded as one of the leading scientists in classical antiquity.

After Andromeda's death, as Euripides had promised Athena at the end of his Andromeda, produced in 412 BCE, the goddess placed her among the constellations in the northern sky, near Perseus and Cassiopeia ; the constellation Andromeda, so known since antiquity, is named after her.

The technology of the burning glass has been known since antiquity.

In the middle of the 18th century, Europe began to move toward a new style in architecture, literature, and the arts, generally known as Classicism, which sought to emulate the ideals of Classical antiquity and especially those of Classical Greece.

Carbon is one of the few elements known since antiquity.

There are very many methods of cooking, most of which have been known since antiquity.

Chemical reactions such as combustion in the fire, fermentation and the reduction of ores to metals were known since antiquity.

Given their great antiquity, where and when they first existed is not known and perhaps unknowable.

It is one of the best known statues from antiquity.

Another important source appears to have been Apuleius's The Golden Ass, one of the earliest known novels, a picaresque from late classical antiquity.

The term dagger appears only in the Late Middle Ages, reflecting the fact that while the dagger had been known in antiquity, it had disappeared during the Early Middle Ages, replaced by the hewing knife or seax.

Beekes argued that the people later known as the Lydians and Etruscans had originally lived in northwest Anatolia, with a coastline to the Sea of Marmara, whence they were driven by the Phrygians c. 1200 BC, leaving a remnant known in antiquity as the Tyrsenoi.

The presence of charge gives rise to the electromagnetic force: charges exert a force on each other, an effect that was known, though not understood, in antiquity.

It is likely that a combination of influences led to the creation of the guitar ; plucked instruments from across the Mediterranean and Europe were well known in Iberia since antiquity.

Although the properties of sugar had been known in India in antiquity, it was not traded as a sweetener until industrial-scale production developed in the 6th century.

In antiquity, it was known as the Thracian Chersonese (, ).

The period known as classical antiquity began with the rise of the city-states of Ancient Greece out of the Greek Dark Ages.

The question of the historicity of Homer the individual is known as the " Homeric question "; there is no reliable biographical information handed down from classical antiquity.

In classical antiquity, the Pontic Steppe was known as Scythia.

While empirical investigations of the natural world have been described since classical antiquity ( for example, by Thales, Aristotle, and others ), and scientific methods have been employed since the Middle Ages ( for example, by Ibn al-Haytham, Abū Rayhān al-Bīrūnī and Roger Bacon ), the dawn of modern science is generally traced back to the early modern period, during what is known as the Scientific Revolution that took place in 16th and 17th century Europe.