Such mode-locked lasers are a most versatile tool for researching processes occurring on extremely short time scales ( known as femtosecond physics, femtosecond chemistry and ultrafast science ), for maximizing the effect of nonlinearity in optical materials ( e. g. in second-harmonic generation, parametric down-conversion, optical parametric oscillators and the like ) due to the large peak power, and in ablation applications.

Mineralogy is a subset of geology specializing in the scientific study of chemistry, crystal structure, and physical ( including optical ) properties of minerals.

It is used in the sugar industry to measure syrup concentration, in optics to manipulate polarization, in chemistry to characterize substances in solution, and in optical mineralogy to help identify certain minerals in thin sections.

Polarization is principally of importance in chemistry due to circular dichroism and " optical rotation " ( circular birefringence ) exhibited by optically active ( chiral ) molecules.

His spheres of science were natural science, chemistry, physics, mineralogy, history, art, philology, optical devices and others.

Interferometry is an important investigative technique in the fields of astronomy, fiber optics, engineering metrology, optical metrology, oceanography, seismology, chemistry, quantum mechanics, nuclear and particle physics, plasma physics, remote sensing, biomolecular interactions, surface profiling, microfluidics, mechanical stress / strain measurement, and velocimetry.

Because optical engineers want to design and build devices that make light do something useful, they must understand and apply the science of optics in substantial detail, in order to know what is physically possible to achieve ( physics and chemistry ).

The College of Science, Engineering and Technology offers majors in biology, chemistry ( including biochemistry, business chemistry, and chemical physics ), computer science and information systems, electrical engineering, mathematical sciences, mechanical engineering, physics, and optical physics.

LightScribe was conceived by Hewlett-Packard engineer Daryl Anderson, and the coating's chemistry was developed by Dr. Makarand Gore, and brought to market through the joint design efforts of HP's imaging and optical storage divisions in 2004.

The museum contains a wide range of scientific instruments, such as quadrants, astrolabes ( the most complete collection in the world with c. 170 instruments ), sundials, early mathematical instruments ( used for calculating, astronomy, navigation, surveying and drawing ), optical instruments ( microscopes, telescopes and cameras ), equipment associated with chemistry, natural philosophy and medicine, and a reference library regarding the history of scientific instruments that includes manuscripts, incunabula, prints and printed ephemera, and early photographic items.

The chemistry of helicenes has attracted continuing attention because of their unique structural, spectral, and optical features.

Penicillium glaucum feeds on only one optical isomer of tartaric acid, which makes it extremely useful in advanced higher chemistry projects on chirality.

RWTH Aachen University, established as Polytechnicum in 1870, is one of the Germany's Universities of Excellence with strong emphasis on technological research, especially for electrical and mechanical engineering, computer sciences, physics, and chemistry.

He graduated from Harvard University in 1855, subsequently studying engineering and chemistry, and taking the degree of bachelor of science at the Lawrence scientific school of the same institution in 1857 ; and in 1859 became an assistant in the United States Coast Survey.

The school specialized in engineering and petroleum chemistry, and was designed to train staff for the refinery in town.

There is a great deal of overlap between different branches of chemistry, as well as with other scientific fields such as biology, medicine, physics, radiology, and several engineering disciplines.

She received a bachelor of science degree in chemistry from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1983, and a doctorate in polymer science and engineering from the University of Massachusetts Amherst in 1991 as a member of the Air Force ROTC.

On November 29, 1921, the trustees declared it to be the express policy of the Institute to pursue scientific research of the greatest importance and at the same time " to continue to conduct thorough courses in engineering and pure science, basing the work of these courses on exceptionally strong instruction in the fundamental sciences of mathematics, physics, and chemistry ; broadening and enriching the curriculum by a liberal amount of instruction in such subjects as English, history, and economics ; and vitalizing all the work of the Institute by the infusion in generous measure of the spirit of research.

Chemical engineering is the branch of engineering that deals with physical science ( e. g., chemistry and physics ), and life sciences ( e. g., biology, microbiology and biochemistry ) with mathematics and economics, to the process of converting raw materials or chemicals into more useful or valuable forms.

Both courses, however, simply merged chemistry and engineering subjects.

; Cryogenics: The branches of chemistry and engineering that involve the study of very low temperatures, how to produce them, and how materials behave at those temperatures.

He is a brilliant, ruthless scientist who has demonstrated mastery of robotics, mechatronics, metallurgy, chemistry, artificial intelligence, cloning, genetic engineering, biology, physics, astronomy, earth science, military tactics, cybernetics and mechanical engineering.

In 1879, Munch enrolled in a technical college to study engineering, where he excelled in physics, chemistry, and math.

The SI unit of electric charge is the coulomb ( C ), although in electrical engineering it is also common to use the ampere-hour ( Ah ), and in chemistry it is common to use the elementary charge ( e ) as a unit.

In basic chemistry scientists are typically interested in experiments conducted at atmospheric pressure, and for reaction energy calculations they care about the total energy in such conditions, and therefore typically need to use H. Furthermore the enthalpy is the working horse of engineering thermodynamics as we will see later.

Originally developed by IBM at their campus in south San Jose, California in the 1950s for scientific and engineering applications, Fortran came to dominate this area of programming early on and has been in continual use for over half a century in computationally intensive areas such as numerical weather prediction, finite element analysis, computational fluid dynamics, computational physics and computational chemistry.

In chemistry, engineering, or household usage, a device to separate mixtures.

It has found application in the study of inequalities in disciplines as diverse as sociology, economics, health science, ecology, chemistry, engineering and agriculture.

* Science and Engineering ( S & E ) — Technical classrooms, laboratories, and faculty offices for engineering, chemistry, biology, physics and computer science departments.

The college offers four-year degrees in chemistry, mathematics, physics, computer science, biology, and engineering, as well as interdisciplinary degrees in mathematical biology, and a joint major in either computer science and mathematics ; or biology and chemistry.

Ten prizes are awarded each year in many categories, including the Nobel Prize categories of physics, chemistry, physiology / medicine, literature, and peace, but also other categories such as public health, engineering, biology, and interdisciplinary research.

The Science Requirement, generally completed during freshman year as prerequisites for classes in science and engineering majors, comprises two semesters of physics, two semesters of calculus, one semester of chemistry, and one semester of biology.

It is a multidisciplinary field intersecting engineering, physics, chemistry, microtechnology and biotechnology, with practical

MNT would involve combining physical principles demonstrated by chemistry, other nanotechnologies, and the molecular machinery of life with the systems engineering principles found in modern macroscale factories.

EMR in the visible light region consists of quanta ( called photons ) that are at the lower end of the energies that are capable of causing electronic excitation within molecules, which lead to changes in the bonding or chemistry of the molecule.

In nuclear physics and nuclear chemistry, nuclear fission is either a nuclear reaction or a radioactive decay process in which the nucleus of an atom splits into smaller parts ( lighter nuclei ), often producing free neutrons and photons ( in the form of gamma rays ), and releasing a very large amount of energy, even by the energetic standards of radioactive decay.

Examples of fields where this limitation applies include electronics ( due to electrons ), optics ( due to photons ), biology ( due to DNA ), and chemistry ( due to molecules ).

Although there is no question but that the process of washing fabrics involves a number of phenomena which are related together in an extremely complicated way and that these phenomena and their interrelations are not well understood at the present, this section attempts to present briefly an up-to-date picture of the physical chemistry of washing either fabrics or hard surfaces.

The first three of these prizes are awarded for eminence in physical science, in chemistry and in medical science or physiology ; the fourth is for literary work " in an ideal direction " and the fifth prize is to be given to the person or society that renders the greatest service to the cause of international fraternity, in the suppression or reduction of standing armies, or in the establishment or furtherance of peace congresses.

With advances in medicinal chemistry, most of today's antibacterials chemically are semisynthetic modifications of various natural compounds.

Overall, his contributions are considered the most important in advancing chemistry to the level reached in physics and mathematics during the 18th century.

In organic chemistry, compounds composed of carbon and hydrogen are divided into two classes: aromatic compounds, which contain benzene or similar rings of atoms, and aliphatic compounds (; G. aleiphar, fat, oil ), which do not contain those rings.

Analytical chemistry has been important since the early days of chemistry, providing methods for determining which elements and chemicals are present in the object in question.

Analytical chemistry plays an increasingly important role in the pharmaceutical industry where, aside from QA, it is used in discovery of new drug candidates and in clinical applications where understanding the interactions between the drug and the patient are critical.

Although modern analytical chemistry is dominated by sophisticated instrumentation, the roots of analytical chemistry and some of the principles used in modern instruments are from traditional techniques many of which are still used today.

Hyphenated techniques are widely used in chemistry and biochemistry.

When clouds are present, the loss rate of SO < sub > 2 </ sub > is faster than can be explained by gas phase chemistry alone.

Soil chemistry can be dramatically changed when base cations, such as calcium and magnesium, are leached by acid rain thereby affecting sensitive species, such as sugar maple ( Acer saccharum ).

In today's chemistry the carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen in a chimpanzee are identical to the same elements in a man.

The functions of these synapses are very diverse: some are excitatory ( excite the target cell ); others are inhibitory ; others work by activating second messenger systems that change the internal chemistry of their target cells in complex ways.

The study of the chemistry behind biological processes and the synthesis of biologically active molecules are examples of biochemistry.

The interactions, reactions and transformations that are studied in chemistry are usually the result of interactions between atoms, leading to rearrangements of the chemical bonds which hold atoms together.

Such behaviors are studied in a chemistry laboratory.

Several concepts are essential for the study of chemistry ; some of them are: