The set of equations ( 5 ), ( 6 ), and the starting equation ( 7 ) is of a recursive type well suited to programming on the digital computer.

Many amateurs make valuable contributions in the field of computer programming through the open source movement.

* APL ( programming language ), a computer programming language with specialized array-processing capabilities

The modern computer programming language Ada is named in her honour.

The computer was brought to Polytechnic University of Turin where it was fixed and used to run the BASIC programming language .</ li >

An assembly language is a low-level programming language for a computer, microcontroller, or other programmable device, in which each statement corresponds to a single machine code instruction.

Each assembly language is specific to a particular computer architecture, in contrast to most high-level programming languages, which are generally portable across multiple systems.

ALGOL ( short for ALGOrithmic Language ) is a family of imperative computer programming languages originally developed in the mid 1950s which greatly influenced many other languages and was the standard method for algorithm description used by the ACM, in textbooks, and academic works for the next 30 years and more.

Such a description language can be based on any computer programming language, such as Lisp, Pascal, or Java Virtual Machine bytecode.

A few US professional societies whose professions frequently employ various non-word characters, such as chemistry and computer programming, use the British form in their style guides ( see ACS Style Guide ).

* 1959 – A team of computer manufacturers, users, and university people led by Grace Hopper meets to discuss the creation of a new programming language that would be called COBOL.

Since algorithms are platform-independent ( i. e. a given algorithm can be implemented in an arbitrary programming language on an arbitrary computer running an arbitrary operating system ), there are significant drawbacks to using an empirical approach to gauge the comparative performance of a given set of algorithms.

* Automatic differentiation, a way to speedily compute derivatives in computer programming

In computer science, an abstract data type ( ADT ) is a mathematical model for a certain class of data structures that have similar behavior ; or for certain data types of one or more programming languages that have similar semantics.

AMOS BASIC is a dialect of the BASIC programming language implemented on the Amiga computer.

# REDIRECT abstraction ( computer science )# Abstraction in object oriented programming

Bjarne Stroustrup (); born December 30, 1950 in Århus, Denmark ) is a Danish computer scientist, most notable for the creation and the development of the widely used C ++ programming language.

BCPL ( Basic Combined Programming Language ) is a procedural, imperative, and structured computer programming language designed by Martin Richards of the University of Cambridge in 1966.

In computer security and programming, a buffer overflow, or buffer overrun, is an anomaly where a program, while writing data to a buffer, overruns the buffer's boundary and overwrites adjacent memory.

Computer programming in general is the process of writing, testing, debugging, and maintaining the source code and documentation of computer programs.

This source code is written in a programming language, which is an artificial language often more restrictive or demanding than natural languages, but easily translated by the computer.

And a single programmer could do most or all of the computer programming needed to generate the proof of concept to launch a new " killer " application.

The term computer programmer can refer to a specialist in one area of computer programming or to a generalist who writes code for many kinds of software.

Researchers such as Marvin Minsky would write computer programs in languages such as LISP to attempt to formally characterize the steps that human beings went through, for instance, in making decisions and solving problems, in the hope of better understanding human thought, and also in the hope of creating artificial minds.

The restrictions can be applied at various levels: a government can attempt to apply them nationwide ( see Internet censorship ), or they can, for example, be applied by an ISP to its clients, by an employer to its personnel, by a school to its students, by a library to its visitors, by a parent to a child's computer, or by an individual user to his or her own computer.

* Anti-virus software consists of computer programs that attempt to identify, thwart and eliminate computer viruses and other malicious software ( malware ).

However, since network news use of the term pertained primarily to the criminal activities despite this attempt by the technical community to preserve and distinguish the original meaning, the mainstream media and general public continue to describe computer criminals with all levels of technical sophistication as " hackers " and does not generally make use of the word in any of its non-criminal connotations.

To be considered a ' hack ' was an honour among like-minded peers as " to qualify as a hack, the feat must be imbued with innovation, style and technical virtuosity " ( Levy, 1984 p. 10 ) The MIT's Tech Model Railroad Club Dictionary defined hack in 1959 ( not yet in a computer context ) as " 1 ) an article or project without constructive end ; 2 ) a project undertaken on bad self-advice ; 3 ) an entropy booster ; 4 ) to produce, or attempt to produce, a hack ( 3 ).

This room became the staging grounds for early hackers as MIT students from the Tech Model Railroad Club sneaked inside the EAM room after hours to attempt programming the 30-ton, computer.

Creative misspellings and ASCII-art-derived words were also a way to attempt to indicate one was knowledgeable about the culture of computer users.

Trojans do not attempt to inject themselves into other files like a computer virus.

Close Combat stemmed from an early attempt to translate the Squad Leader boardgame to the computer.

CM's genesis was also as a failed attempt by Avalon Hill to translate Squad Leader to the computer.

In the computer hacking scene of the 1980s, demon dialing was a technique by which a computer is used to repeatedly dial a number ( usually to a crowded modem pool ) in an attempt to gain access immediately after another user had hung up.

A denial-of-service attack ( DoS attack ) or distributed denial-of-service attack ( DDoS attack ) is an attempt to make a computer or network resource unavailable to its intended users ;

Carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance ( CSMA / CA ) in computer networking, is a network multiple access method in which carrier sensing is used, but nodes attempt to avoid collisions by transmitting only when the channel is sensed to be " idle ".

** Bus contention, in computer design, where multiple devices on a computer bus attempt to use it at the same time

That is, the computer itself may be online — connected to Internet via a cable modem or other means — while Outlook is kept offline by the user, so that it makes no attempt to send or to receive messages.

In computer networking, because repeaters work with the actual physical signal, and do not attempt to interpret the data being transmitted, they operate on the physical layer, the first layer of the OSI model.

These operating systems attempt to abstract hardware, allowing a wide variety of software to work with components of the computer.

A computer simulation ( or " sim ") is an attempt to model a real-life or hypothetical situation on a computer so that it can be studied to see how the system works.

There are many different types of computer simulation, the common feature they all share is the attempt to generate a sample of representative scenarios for a model in which a complete enumeration of all possible states would be prohibitive or impossible.

For this reason, systems which track the status of PROMISES and REJECTED-PROPOSALS and ACCEPTED-PROMISES can help us to understand the situations in which ( human or computer ) AGENTS find themselves as they attempt to fulfill ROLES involving other agents, and such systems can facilitate both human and human-computer systems in achieving role-associated goals.