The objects fall into two broad categories: resources ( e. g., printers ) and security principals ( user or computer accounts and groups ).

This property can be useful, for instance to test for the presence of humans as with CAPTCHAs, and for computer security to circumvent brute-force attacks.

* Ring ( computer security )

* Hacker ( computer security ), the defeating of security devices in computer networks

Many ciphers are based on publicly known algorithms or are open source, and so it is only the difficulty of obtaining the key that determines security of the system, provided that there is no analytic attack ( i. e., a ' structural weakness ' in the algorithms or protocols used ), and assuming that the key is not otherwise available ( such as via theft, extortion, or compromise of computer systems ).

If a suitably sized quantum computer capable of running Grover's algorithm reliably becomes available, it would reduce a 128-bit key down to 64-bit security, roughly a DES equivalent.

This implies that at least a 160-bit symmetric key is required to achieve 80-bit security rating against a quantum computer.

This is due to security shortcomings on the target computer.

Use of protected memory greatly enhances both the reliability and security of a computer system.

Researchers have argued that, in most cases, security breaches are the result of user-error ( such as unintentionally downloading and executing a computer virus ).

In Cuba, if a computer user at a government controlled Internet cafe types certain words, the word processor or browser is automatically closed, and a " state security " warning is given.

Computer security is a branch of computer technology known as information security as applied to computers and computer networks.

The objective of computer security includes protection of information and property from theft, corruption, or natural disaster, while allowing the information and property to remain accessible and productive to its intended users.

The term computer system security means the collective processes and mechanisms by which sensitive and valuable information and services are protected from publication, tampering or collapse by unauthorized activities or untrustworthy individuals and unplanned events respectively.

The strategies and methodologies of computer security often differ from most other computer technologies because of its somewhat elusive objective of preventing unwanted computer behavior instead of enabling wanted computer behavior.

The set of equations ( 5 ), ( 6 ), and the starting equation ( 7 ) is of a recursive type well suited to programming on the digital computer.

Many amateurs make valuable contributions in the field of computer programming through the open source movement.

* APL ( programming language ), a computer programming language with specialized array-processing capabilities

The modern computer programming language Ada is named in her honour.

The computer was brought to Polytechnic University of Turin where it was fixed and used to run the BASIC programming language .</ li >

An assembly language is a low-level programming language for a computer, microcontroller, or other programmable device, in which each statement corresponds to a single machine code instruction.

Each assembly language is specific to a particular computer architecture, in contrast to most high-level programming languages, which are generally portable across multiple systems.

ALGOL ( short for ALGOrithmic Language ) is a family of imperative computer programming languages originally developed in the mid 1950s which greatly influenced many other languages and was the standard method for algorithm description used by the ACM, in textbooks, and academic works for the next 30 years and more.

Such a description language can be based on any computer programming language, such as Lisp, Pascal, or Java Virtual Machine bytecode.

A few US professional societies whose professions frequently employ various non-word characters, such as chemistry and computer programming, use the British form in their style guides ( see ACS Style Guide ).

* 1959 – A team of computer manufacturers, users, and university people led by Grace Hopper meets to discuss the creation of a new programming language that would be called COBOL.

Since algorithms are platform-independent ( i. e. a given algorithm can be implemented in an arbitrary programming language on an arbitrary computer running an arbitrary operating system ), there are significant drawbacks to using an empirical approach to gauge the comparative performance of a given set of algorithms.

* Automatic differentiation, a way to speedily compute derivatives in computer programming

In computer science, an abstract data type ( ADT ) is a mathematical model for a certain class of data structures that have similar behavior ; or for certain data types of one or more programming languages that have similar semantics.

AMOS BASIC is a dialect of the BASIC programming language implemented on the Amiga computer.

# REDIRECT abstraction ( computer science )# Abstraction in object oriented programming

Bjarne Stroustrup (); born December 30, 1950 in Århus, Denmark ) is a Danish computer scientist, most notable for the creation and the development of the widely used C ++ programming language.

BCPL ( Basic Combined Programming Language ) is a procedural, imperative, and structured computer programming language designed by Martin Richards of the University of Cambridge in 1966.

Computer programming in general is the process of writing, testing, debugging, and maintaining the source code and documentation of computer programs.

This source code is written in a programming language, which is an artificial language often more restrictive or demanding than natural languages, but easily translated by the computer.

And a single programmer could do most or all of the computer programming needed to generate the proof of concept to launch a new " killer " application.

The term computer programmer can refer to a specialist in one area of computer programming or to a generalist who writes code for many kinds of software.

The most common versions — the " Infinite loop " and " ASCII buffer " editions — were much longer, containing descriptions of what exactly Good Times would do to the computer of someone who opened it, as well as comparisons to other viruses of the time, and references to a U. S. Federal Communications Commission warning.

Plug-ins appeared as early as the mid 1970s, when the EDT text editor running on the Unisys VS / 9 operating system using the Univac 90 / 60 series mainframe computer provided the ability to run a program from the editor and to allow such a program to access the editor buffer, thus allowing an external program to access an edit session in memory.

In computer science, in the context of data storage and transmission, serialization is the process of converting a data structure or object state into a format that can be stored ( for example, in a file or memory buffer, or transmitted across a network connection link ) and " resurrected " later in the same or another computer environment.

* Regeneration buffer ( or regen buffer for short ), a kind of video memory buffer in computer video hardware

In this sense, it definitely is part of the TCB of the larger computer system that comprises the UNIX server, the user's browsers and the Web application ; in other words, breaching into the Web server through e. g. a buffer overflow may not be regarded as a compromise of the operating system proper, but it certainly constitutes a damaging exploit on the Web application.

Further technology involved in transportation include a computer pattern buffer to enable a degree of leeway in the process.

Due to the employees alleged rough handling of the device, which he claimed was soundly attached to his head, the temporary storage buffer in the computer system could not longer be overwritten by new images, the damage to the system thus causing photos of these persons to remain stored in the glass memory.

The act of copying / transferring text from one part of a computer-based document (" buffer ") to a different location within the same or different computer-based document was a part of the earliest on-line computer editors.

* Hybrid drive, a type of notebook computer hard drive that utilizes a large buffer

Due to a buffer overflow, a vulnerable host interprets this string as computer instructions, propagating the worm.

The pause between sending video data is used in real time computer graphics to perform various operations on the back buffer before copying it to the front buffer instead of just switching both pointers, or to provide a time reference for when switching such pointers is safe.

In computer graphics, color depth or bit depth is the number of bits used to indicate the color of a single pixel in a bitmapped image or video frame buffer.

A keyboard buffer is a section of computer memory used to hold keystrokes before they are processed.

As the main computer receives each keystroke, it ordinarily appends the character which it represents to the end of the keyboard buffer.

In computer science, multiple buffering is the use of more than one buffer to hold a block of data, so that a " reader " will see a complete ( though perhaps old ) version of the data, rather than a partially updated version of the data being created by a " writer ".

A gap buffer in computer science is a dynamic array that allows efficient insertion and deletion operations clustered near the same location.

* Branch target buffer, a computer science term

This spilling effect depends on the number of hidden registers used to buffer top-of-stack values, upon the frequency of nested procedure calls, and upon host computer interrupt processing rates.