During the Christianization of Western Europe, this custom was adopted by the Christian churches ( Arian and Catholic ) in the concept of " Eigenkirchen " ( churches owned by the landlord ) which stood in strong contrast to the central church organization of the Roman Catholic Church.

The " Stern " ( German for star ) refers to the board's star shape ( in contrast to the square board used in Halma ).

German scholar Boris Barth, in contrast to Steigmann-Gall, implies that Doehring did not actually use the term, but spoke only of ' betrayal '.

In contrast, the Deutscher Spiele Preis (" German game prize ") is often awarded to games that are more complex and strategic, such as Puerto Rico.

By contrast, East Germany renounced ties to the Nazi past, styling itself the " anti-fascist rampart " and proclaiming itself the first socialist state on German soil.

This degree of unity within the German government with both the diplomats and the military united in their support of Hitler's anti-Polish policy, which stood in contrast to their views the previous year about destroying Czechoslovakia, very much encouraged Hitler and Ribbentrop with their chosen course of action.

As all such prior NSFK members were also Nazi Party members ; this gave the new Luftwaffe a strong Nazi ideological base in contrast to the other branches of the German military.

In contrast to morphine, which was used to alleviate pain in the injured but also to boost the esteem, stamina, and drive of German soldiers in combat, methadone had effects that have been described as such ; " Dolophine ( Methadone ) had many adverse effects on the soldiers to whom it was given, leading to apathy, lethargy, and decreased willingness to engage in combat ".

The regional dialect of Low German spoken in Prussia ( or East Prussia ), Low Prussian, preserved a number of Baltic Prussian words, such as kurp, from the Old Prussian kurpi, for shoe ( in contrast to the standard German Schuh ).

The party's future seemed bright, but it suffered from a number of weaknesses, not the least of which was its dependence on Gysi, considered by supporters and critics alike as a super-star in German politics who stood in stark contrast to a colorless general membership.

In contrast to the black-uniformed Allgemeine SS ( the political wing of the SS ), the Waffen-SS ( the military wing ) evolved into a second German army aside the Wehrmacht ( the regular national armed forces ) and operating in tandem with them ; especially with the Heer ( German Army ).

Likewise, and in contrast to the contemporary German Westerns, few films feature Indians.

The economy grew about 14 % from 1914 to 1918 despite the absence of so many men in the services ; by contrast the German economy shrank 27 %.

In the 1st century AD, sterling qualities such as those enumerated above by Fénelon ( excepting perhaps belief in the brotherhood of man ) had been attributed by Tacitus in his Germania to the German barbarians, in pointed contrast to the softened, Romanized Gauls.

In contrast to Hume then, Kant insists that reason itself ( German Vernunft ) has natural ends itself, the solution to the metaphysical problems, especially the discovery of the foundations of morality.

In contrast to many other German supporters of the revolution, like for instance Friedrich Schiller, Forster did not turn back from his revolutionary ideals under the pressure of the terror regime.

The 1968 invasion by Warsaw Pact troops of Czechoslovakia and the suppression of the Prague Spring were also applauded by Ulbricht – East German soldiers were among those massed on the border but did not cross over, probably due to Czech sensitivities about German troops on their soil – and earned him a reputation as a staunch Soviet ally in contrast to Romanian leader Nicolae Ceauşescu, who condemned the invasion.

This is in contrast to Imperial Germans ( Reichsdeutsche ), German citizens living within Germany.

In contrast, many people living near the border with Basel, Switzerland, will speak their dialect with a Swiss person from that area, as they are mutually understandable for the most part ; similar habits may apply to conversations with people of the nearby German Markgräflerland.

By contrast, Snow said, German and American schools sought to prepare their citizens equally in the sciences and humanities, and better scientific teaching enabled those countries ' rulers to compete more effectively in a scientific age.

In contrast, German and English historians saw it as the replacement of a " tired, effete and decadent Mediterranean civilization " with a " more virile, martial, Nordic one ".

Heine became increasingly critical of despotism and reactionary chauvinism in Germany, of nobility and clerics but also of the narrow-mindedness of ordinary people and of the rising German form of nationalism, especially in contrast to the French and the revolution.

This was in marked contrast to the four attempts at political union between 1606 and 1689, which all failed owing to a lack of political will in both kingdoms.

In contrast, others were subordinate districts of those kingdoms that unified either partially or completely during the Medieval era ( such as England, France, and Spain ).

However, the fact that " native heritage " is primarily interpreted by the Samguk Sagi to mean " Three Kingdoms heritage " brings us to the work ’ s ostensibly broader purpose, and that was to promote Three Kingdoms, in contrast to the competing neighbors like Buyeo, Mahan, Gaya, which were absorbed into Three Kingdoms, as the orthodox ruling kingdoms of Korea, and to thus solidify the legitimacy and prestige of the Goryeo state, as Three Kingdoms ’ s rightful successor.

In contrast to their successor, Chandragupta I, who is mentioned as Maharajadhiraja, he and his son Ghatotkacha are referred to in inscriptions as Maharaja At the beginning of the 5th century the Guptas established and ruled a few small Hindu kingdoms in Magadha and around modern-day Bihar.

In contrast, court music of the kingdoms of England, Scotland and Ireland, although having unique elements remained much more integrated into wider European culture.

This was in contrast to the predominantly Catholic southern states such as the kingdoms of Bavaria and Württemberg or the Grand Duchy of Baden, where land was owned by small farms, or the mixed agriculture of the western states like the Grand Duchy of Hesse or even the Prussian Rhine and Westphalia provinces.

In contrast with the kingdoms of Northumbria, Mercia and Wessex, little reliable evidence about the Kingdom of the East Angles has survived, as a result of the destruction of the kingdom ’ s monasteries and the disappearance of the two East Anglian sees that occurred as the result of Viking raids and settlement.

This is in contrast with the very different traditions that have prevailed at earlier times in Hindu kingdoms, which included highly respected professional courtesans ( such as Amrapali of Vesali ), sacred devadasis, mathematicians and female magicians ( the basavis, the Tantric kulikas ).

The slave trade in this portion of Africa was primarily Arab in nature ( in contrast to the European or Atlantic Slave Trade, which took place primarily in West Africa, the Arab slave trade was located on the eastern coast of the continent ), with captured persons being shipped off to the Middle East or to holdings of Arabian kingdoms for labor.

A petty kingdom is one of a number of small kingdoms, described as minor or " petty " by contrast to an empire or unified kingdom that either preceded or succeeded it ( e. g. the numerous kingdoms of Anglo-Saxon England unified into the kingdom of England in the 10th century, or the numerous Gaelic kingdoms of Ireland unified as the Kingdom of Ireland in the 16th ).

The diagnosis is established by a computed tomography ( CT ) ( with contrast ) examination.

These small-scale organic communities were generally seen as a new development in world history, in contrast to the established ancient civilizations of Egypt or Persia, or the hunter-gatherer bands elsewhere.

Armored Cataphracts began to be deployed in eastern Europe and the near East, following the precedents established by Persian forces, as the main striking force of the armies in contrast to the earlier roles of cavalry as scouts, raiders, and outflankers.

Kant, by contrast, pushed the employment of a priori metaphysical claims as requisite, for if anything is to be said to be knowable, it would have to be established upon abstractions distinct from perceivable phenomena.

Lebanon established its own army made up of volunteer militias ; " the free independent bearing of these mountaineers was in striking contrast to that of the underpaid, underfed and poorly clothed conscripts of the regular army ".

Universalist churches in contrast followed a different path, having begun as independent congregations beyond the bounds of the established Puritan churches entirely.

This was established in contrast to the more participative, " sport for all " approach of Special Olympics.

Ballistic missile submarines established a second strike capability through their stealth and by the number fielded by each Cold War adversary — it was highly unlikely that all of them could be targeted and preemptively destroyed ( in contrast to, for example, a missile silo with a fixed location that could be targeted during a first strike ).

A 1966 act of Congress established the Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden as part of the Smithsonian Institution with a focus on modern art, in contrast to the existing National Art Gallery.

In contrast to the Supreme Court, which was established by Article III of the Constitution, the district courts were established by Congress.

An 1832 map shows that Tulse Hill still had only a few buildings on the new roads in contrast to nearby recently developed areas in Brixton and Norwood and the longer established hamlet of Dulwich.

As the epicenter of the massive Fuzhou influx has shifted to Brooklyn in the 2000s, Manhattan's Chinatown's Cantonese population still remains viable and large and successfully continues to retain its stable Cantonese community identity, maintaining the communal gathering venue established decades ago in the western portion of Chinatown, to shop, work, and socialize — in contrast to the Cantonese population and community identity which are declining very rapidly in Brooklyn's Chinatown.

However, the proclamation established the important precedent that the indigenous population had certain rights to the lands they occupied — in the past, by contrast, the Crown had granted lands without regard to native claims.

In contrast to Peru and Chile Spanish settlers in the viceroyalty of New Spain established only very few vineyards.

Burgoyne admired independent thought amongst common soldiers, and encouraged his men to use their own initiative, in stark contrast to the established system employed at the time by the British army.

By contrast, a link to the UUCP network could usually be established with a few phone calls to the administrators of prospective neighbor systems.

Key regulations defining Irish whiskey and its production are established by the Irish Whiskey Act of 1980, and are relatively simple ( for example, in contrast with those for Scotch and Bourbon whiskey ).

But in contrast to the Scotch Whisky Regulations of 2009, the Irish Whiskey Act of 1980 does not actually contain a definition of the terms " single malt Irish whiskey " or " single grain Irish whiskey " or specific rules governing their production, so the exact definitions of these terms may not be clearly established.

Kalmyk Tayishis, by contrast, were given salaries and towns and settlements were established for them and their ulus ( Khodarkovsky, 1992: 39 ).

) To contrast with " homophiles ", Fish used the word " zoophiles ", to refer to antivivisectionists, with that usage being similarly independent of the established and now exclusive sense of the word — namely, " zoophile " as referring to a person exhibiting a sexual preference for one or more species of non-human animal.

By contrast, noninvasive dermal anesthesia can be established in 5 – 15 min without distorting underlying tissues by lidocaine iontophoresis, where a direct electrical current facilitates dermal penetration of positively charged lidocaine molecules when placed under the positive electrode.

During this period, in contrast to the near-universal marketing technique of introducing innovations on the expensive side of the marketplace and relying on consumer demand to emulate early adopters along with economy of scale to bring them into the mass market, Shimano and SunTour ( to a lesser extent ) introduced new technologies at the lowest end of the bicycle market, using lower cost and often heavier and less durable materials and techniques, only moving them further upmarket if they established themselves in the lower market segments.