In contrast to philosophical definitions, an operational definition can be tested experimentally, and is useful for current research.

In contrast to Positivism, which held that statements are meaningless if they cannot be verified or falsified, Popper claimed that falsifiability is merely a special case of the more general notion of criticizability, even though he admitted that empirical refutation is one of the most effective methods by which theories can be criticized.

Knowledge results from hypotheses verified in the contrast with a real object ; this real object, despite being mediated by the subject ’ s theoretical frame, retains its materiality and will offer resistance to those ideas that do not conform to its truth.

By contrast, in science and logic, the " relative strength of an explanation " is based upon its ability to be tested, proven to be due to the stated cause, and verified under neutral conditions in a manner that other researchers will agree has been performed competently, and can check for themselves.

For the voter the printed record is " in a different format than the ballot, in a different place, is verified at a different time, and has a different graphical layout with different contrast and lighting parameters.

In contrast, the Standard Model is not background independent, with Minkowski space enjoying a special status as the fixed background space-time.

Goren also worked to popularize the opening of four-card suits, in contrast to the well-known five card majors approach that has become a major feature of Standard American bidding.

In contrast, the Green Standard Army was originally intended to be a professional force.

Among Whorf's well known examples of linguistic relativity are examples of instances where an indigenous language has several terms for a concept that is only described with one word in English and other European languages ( Whorf used the acronym SAE " Standard Average European " to allude to the rather similar grammatical structures of the well-studied European languages in contrast to the greater diversity of the less-studied languages ).

Those writing for the church after the events of Stephen's later reign, such as John of Salisbury for example, paint the king as a tyrant due to his argument with the Archbishop of Canterbury ; by contrast, clerics in Durham regarded Stephen as a saviour, due to his contribution to the defeat of the Scots at the battle of the Standard.

In contrast to the International Standard Waltz, it involves breaking contact almost entirely in some figures.

In contrast to many other varieties of German, Bavarian differs sufficiently from Standard German to make it difficult for native speakers to adopt standard pronunciation.

In Standard Hindi, the is traditionally defined as representing a nasal consonant homorganic to a following plosive, in contrast to the (), which indicates vowel nasalization.

This is in contrast to the Java Micro Edition which was designed under a different Java specification than that used by the Java Standard Edition.

* The use of septante for " seventy " and nonante for " ninety ", in contrast to Standard French soixante-dix ( literally " sixty-ten ") and quatre-vingt-dix (" four-twenty-ten ").

Together, these imply that, in supergravity, the supersymmetry is a local symmetry ( in contrast to non-gravitational supersymmetric theories, such as the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model ).

This method of translation is in contrast to the traditional translations of the Authorized Version ( King James Version ), English Revised Version, American Standard Version, Revised Standard Version, and others, which place an emphasis on word-for-word correspondence between the source and target language.

In terms of quality in contrast to the USA lines ( i. e. ESP Standard & LTD ), Edwards guitars generally lie in between the more upmarket LTDs and ESP Standards.

It therefore stands in contrast to other Austrian newspapers of quality including the more conservative Wiener Zeitung and the leftist Der Standard.

Standard twisted nematic ( TN ) LCDs with a 90 degrees twisted structure of the molecules have a contrast vs. voltage characteristic unsuitable for passive-matrix addressing as there is no distinct threshold voltage.

This stood in contrast to the British experience, where moderate New Model Unions dominated the union movement from the mid-19th century and where trade unionism was stronger than the political labour movement until the formation and growth of the Labour Party in the early years of the 20th century.

This stood in contrast to the British experience, where moderate New Model Unions dominated the union movement from the mid-nineteenth century, and where trade unionism was stronger than the political labour movement until the formation and growth of the Labour Party in the early twentieth century.

The entire apparatus was known as the ' Model T spark coil ' ( in contrast to the modern ignition coil which is only the actual coil component of the system ).

The Bell – LaPadula model focuses on data confidentiality and controlled access to classified information, in contrast to the Biba Integrity Model which describes rules for the protection of data integrity.

By contrast the soldier's Springfield Model 1861 muskets had an effective range of 300 yards or more.

At the car was viewed as highly affordable at the time ; by contrast, the high-volume Oldsmobile Runabout went for $ 650, Western's Gale Model A was $ 500, the Brush Runabout $ 485, the Black went for as low as $ 375, and the Success hit the amazingly low $ 250.

By contrast, Ford Model Ts were selling for $ 440 in 1915.

In contrast, the Model 1860 Henry Rifle produced in the same time period did not replace a musket and did not have other musket-like characteristics, and was just referred to as a " rifle ".

By contrast, the Ford Model F was US $ 2000, the FAL US $ 1750, the Cole 30 and Colt Runabout each US $ 1500, the Oakland 40 US $ 1600, and the Enger 40 US $ 2000, while the high-volume Oldsmobile Runabout ran US $ 650, Western's Gale Model A US $ 500 and the Brush Runabout was US $ 485.

By contrast, an Enger 40 was US $ 2000, the FAL was US $ 1750, US $ 2000, the Oakland 40 US $ 1600, the Cole 30 and Colt Runabout were each US $ 1500, the high-volume Oldsmobile Runabout was US $ 650, and Western's Gale Model A was US $ 500, but Templars were still well below the Lozier Light Six Metropolian tourer and runabout at US $ 3, 250 and coupe US $ 3, 850 or even American's lowest-price model, which was US $ 4250 ( its highest was US $ 5250 ), while the 1913 Lozier Big Six tourer and roadster started at US $ 5, 000.

NVIDIA states that contrast ratios using Shader Model 3. 0 can be as high as 65535: 1 using 32-bit lighting precision.

But, the history does not characterize Model as a bloodthirsty savage ; he is a professional at conquest, and Turtledove provides the SS officer responsible for the Warsaw Ghetto massacre to provide contrast between that officer's mindless savagery and Model's purposeful violence.

In contrast to classical mechanics, where accurate measurements and predictions can be calculated about location and velocity, in the quantum mechanics of a subatomic particle, one can never specify its state, such as its simultaneous location and velocity, with complete certainty ( this is called the Heisenberg uncertainty principle ).

In contrast to Niels Bohr, who proposed a statistical version of the conservation laws to explain the phenomenon, Pauli hypothesized an undetected particle that he called a " neutron " in keeping with convention employed for naming both the proton and the electron, which in 1930 were known to be respective products for alpha and beta decay.

In special relativity, a faster than light particle would have space-like four-momentum ,, in contrast to ordinary particles that have time-like four-momentum.

The basis is the acoustic radiation force, a non-linear effect which causes particles to be attracted to either the nodes or anti-nodes of the standing wave depending on the acoustic contrast factor, which is a function of the sound velocities and densities of the particle and of the medium in which the particle is immersed.

) Also, in contrast to MACHOs, there are no known stable particles within the standard model of particle physics that have all the properties of WIMPs.

This interpretation was in contrast to De Broglie ’ s own interpretation, in which the wave corresponds to the physical motion of a localized particle.

In contrast, when using just the electromagnetic four-potential ( Φ, A ) the effect only depends on the ( Φ, A ) potential in the region where the test particle is allowed.

The ESL literature ( English as a second language ), in contrast, tends to employ the term phrasal verb to encompass both prepositional and particle verbs.

In contrast to a classical particle, there is non-vanishing probability that it crosses a region of potential energy higher than its own energy.

In chemistry, nuclear physics, and particle physics, inelastic scattering is a fundamental scattering process in which the kinetic energy of an incident particle is not conserved ( in contrast to elastic scattering ).

In contrast, particle board holds the screws in place under similar weight.

In systems with large particle numbers, in contrast, usually only statistically averaged or collective quantities about the system can be measured.