Ten years later, Alexander Friedmann, a Russian cosmologist and mathematician, derived the Friedmann equations from Albert Einstein's equations of general relativity, showing that the Universe might be expanding in contrast to the static Universe model advocated by Einstein at that time.

In contrast to later games in the Civilization series, this is largely a cosmetic choice, affecting titles, city names, musical heralds, and color.

This led to very good coverage across most of the country and few problems of interference with other UK-based transmissions ; a stark contrast to the problems associated with Channel 5's launch fourteen and a half years later.

An infection that does not and will not produce clinically evident impairment of normal functioning, such as the presence of the normal bacteria and yeasts in the gut, is not considered a disease ; by contrast, an infection that is asymptomatic during its incubation period, but expected to produce symptoms later, is usually considered a disease.

This format, a contrast to the Encyclopædia Britannica, was widely imitated by later 19th century encyclopedias in Britain, the United States, France, Spain, Italy and other countries.

This is in contrast to later versions, where Excalibur belongs solely to the king.

In contrast to his own diminutive stature, his personal assistant and secretary Eduard Hedvicek, who later played a significant role in the unsuccessful attempt to save his life was a very large and tall man ( 200 cm

In contrast, film theoreticians in England began integrating critical theory based perspectives drawn from psychoanalysis, semiotics, and Marxism, and eventually these ideas gained hold within the American scholarly community in the later 1970s and 1980s.

The adjective derived from this noun, * þiudiskaz, " popular ", was later used with reference to the language of the people in contrast to the Latin language ( earliest recorded example 786 ).

In contrast to later duchies, these entities were not defined by strict administrative boundaries but by the area of settlement of major Germanic tribes.

They are realistic in appearance, in contrast to the later stylization.

In contrast, early European expansion in the " West Indies ", ( later known to Europeans as a separate continent from Asia that they would call the " Americas ") following the 1492 voyage of Christopher Columbus, involved heavy settlement in colonies that were treated as political extensions of the mother countries.

These differences would indicate that Old Japanese had an eight-vowel system, in contrast to later Japanese's five vowels.

She was also attracted to the music of more mainstream artists like Olivia Newton-John and The Police, perhaps explaining the contrast in her later music between sweet, melodic " pop " songs and more hard rock oriented material.

James Crossley, however, has argued that the film makes the distinction between Jesus and the character of Brian to make a contrast between the traditional Christ of both faith and cinema and the historical figure of Jesus in critical scholarship and how critical scholars have argued that ideas later got attributed to Jesus by his followers.

By contrast, neighboring Chinese leader Mao Zedong was mostly ignored and Kim Il-sung rejected most of his policies such as the Hundred Flowers Campaign and ( later ) the Cultural Revolution.

Four years later the club adopted the traditional uniform of blue and white vertical stripes at the insistence of the VFA, who wanted a visible contrast between Geelong's and Hotham ’ s uniforms.

The first version of this system was generally known as a web of trust to contrast with the X. 509 system, which uses a hierarchical approach based on certificate authority and which was added to PGP implementations later.

His papal coronation ran for the traditional five hours ( Pope Paul VI, by contrast, opted for a shorter ceremony, while later popes declined to be crowned ).

In contrast, the revision by Pope Pius XII, though limited to the liturgy of only five days of the Church's year, was much bolder, requiring changes even to canon law, which until then had prescribed that, with the exception of Midnight Mass for Christmas, Mass should not begin more than one hour before dawn or later than one hour after midday.

In contrast to the later Gnôme engines, and much like the later Clerget 9B and Bentley BR1 aviation rotaries, the Adams-Farwell rotaries had conventional exhaust and inlet valves mounted in the cylinder heads.

During the time of the Almoravids and especially the Almohads some were treated badly, in contrast to the policies of the earlier Umayyad Caliphs and later Emirs.

This later source is generally known as the republican source, since here, and elsewhere, it denigrates the actions and role of the monarchy ( particularly those of Saul ) and favours religious figures, in contrast to the other main source – the monarchial source – which treats the monarchy favourably.

Those writing for the church after the events of Stephen's later reign, such as John of Salisbury for example, paint the king as a tyrant due to his argument with the Archbishop of Canterbury ; by contrast, clerics in Durham regarded Stephen as a saviour, due to his contribution to the defeat of the Scots at the battle of the Standard.

In management literature today, the greatest use of the term " scientific management " is with reference to the work of Taylor and his disciples (" classical ", implying " no longer current, but still respected for its seminal value ") in contrast to newer, improved iterations of efficiency-seeking methods.

By contrast, according to Katalov, Apple's iOS 3 uses 2, 000 iterations and iOS 4 uses 10, 000.

In contrast, for the girl the epiphysis was slightly advanced at Onset and delayed at Completion.

In contrast to the nuclear changes described above, another change in muscle nuclei was seen, usually occurring in fibers that were somewhat smaller than normal but that showed distinct cross-striations and myofibrillae.

A red filter, Zeiss barrier filter with the code ( Schott ) designation BG 23, was also used in the ocular lens assembly as it improved the contrast between specific and nonspecific fluorescence.

It did not serve to contrast the existing order of society with a possible alternative order, because the age of innocence was not a possible alternative once man had sinned.

But there was a contrast even more decisive than a hunger for fact between the Trial in Jerusalem and those in Moscow and New York.

There was a marked contrast in the amount of information on bride and groom.

Backstage was tomblike by contrast.

There was considerable contrast between this Mulligan performance and that of Art Blakey and The Jazz Messengers, who are able to generate a tremendous sound for such a small group.

By contrast, the National Union Party was united and energized as Lincoln made emancipation the central issue, and state Republican parties stressed the perfidy of the Copperheads.

To Northerners, in contrast, the motivation was primarily to preserve the Union, not to abolish slavery.

In contrast, there was an Old Text school that advocated the use of Confucian works written in ancient language ( from this comes the denomination Old Text ) that were so much more reliable.

Machiavelli goes on to reason that Agathocles ' success, in contrast to other criminal tyrants, was due to his ability to mitigate his crimes by limiting them to those that " are applied at one blow and are necessary to one's security, and that are not persisted in afterwards unless they can be turned to the advantage of the subjects ".

Such a " wild type " allele was historically regarded as dominant, common, and " normal ", in contrast to " mutant " alleles regarded as recessive, rare, and frequently deleterious.

By the standards of 19th century tycoons, Carnegie was not a particularly ruthless man but a humanitarian with enough acquisitiveness to go in the ruthless pursuit of money ; on the other hand, the contrast between his life and the lives of many of his own workers and of the poor, in general, was stark.

This was in marked contrast to the four attempts at political union between 1606 and 1689, which all failed owing to a lack of political will in both kingdoms.

Don Chisciotte was a mix of ballet and opera buffa, and the lead female roles in L ' amore innocente were designed to contrast and highlight the different traditions of operatic writing for soprano, even borrowing stylistic flourishes from opera-seria in the use of coloratura in what was a short pastoral comedy more in keeping with a Roman Intermezzo.

By contrast, Kabbalism assumed an " eternal Torah " which was not identical to the Torah written in Hebrew.

The contrast between a high level of education and a low level of political rights was particularly great in Aarau, and the city refused to send troops to defend the Bernese border.

In contrast, no significant mortality reduction was observed with ARB treatment ( HR 0. 99 ; 95 % CI, 0. 94-1. 04 ; P = 0. 683 ).

" The term was introduced by Apollonius of Perga in his work on conic sections, but in contrast to its modern meaning, he used it to mean any line that does not intersect the given curve.

In contrast with modern basketball nets, this peach basket retained its bottom, and balls had to be retrieved manually after each " basket " or point scored ; this proved inefficient, however, so the bottom of the basket was removed, allowing the balls to be poked out with a long dowel each time.

In this study, the UK school children had a low baseline cellular immunity to mycobacteria which was increased by BCG ; in contrast, the Malawi school children had a high baseline cellular immunity to mycobacteria and this was not significantly increased by BCG.