In contrast to philosophical definitions, an operational definition can be tested experimentally, and is useful for current research.

British scientists by contrast, lacked research universities and did not train advanced students ; instead the practice was to hire German-trained chemists.

The teaching is Socratic, typically with small classes, and often boasts a lower student-to-teacher ratio than at large universities ; professors teaching classes are allowed to concentrate more on their teaching responsibilities than primary research professors or graduate student teaching assistants, in contrast to the instruction common in universities.

However, there is also research suggesting that people are often helped by extended families and supportive religious leaders who listen with kindness and respect, which can often contrast with usual practice in psychiatric diagnosis and medication.

In either field, the primary contrast between the two are their distinctions between direct-patient care, for pharmacy practice, and the science-oriented research field, driven by pharmacology.

In contrast to the traditional Italian pizza used in the research, popular pizza varieties in many parts of the world are often loaded with high fat cheeses and fatty meats, a high intake of which can contribute to obesity, itself a risk factor for cancer.

By contrast, soft science is often used to describe the scientific fields that are more reliant on qualitative research, including the social sciences.

In contrast, the investigation of the roles and functions of single genes is a primary focus of molecular biology or genetics and is a common topic of modern medical and biological research.

By contrast, however, more research by the Parents Television Council, suggests that prevalence of smoking on television is currently rare.

Yet in stark contrast with this positive view, research on the history of the metronome and its influence on performance practice reveals criticisms of metronome use, and highlights differences of " performance practice " and cultural perception / values between the current modern European / Western society ( which values the metronome ), and the same society during previous times ( beginning of the 19th century and earlier: classical / romantic / baroque eras etc.

In contrast to USA doctoral-level studies, doctoral candidate does not follow any lectures nor pass additional exams, instead he / she focuses solely on research.

The contrast between balance and dynamic space manifests a pluralistic invitation for scientific study in structures developed to accommodate their respective functions as parts of a research facility.

Recent research has drawn a further contrast between the declining number of National Park visits in the United States and increasing consumption of electronic media by children.

In contrast, scientists assessing the usefulness of animal models of Parkinson's disease, as well as the medical research charity The Parkinson's Appeal, state that these models were invaluable and that they led to improved surgical treatments such as pallidotomy, new drug treatments such as levodopa, and later deep brain stimulation.

In contrast, an abolitionist view in animal rights holds that there is no moral justification for any harmful research on animals that is not to the benefit of the individual animal.

When used in research, these tests can be used to contrast neuropsychological abilities across experimental groups.

In contrast, research reactors are primarily operated to produce neutron beams.

By contrast with sociology, social studies courses often consist of a general and opinion-led discussion of topics without reference to academic theorists or research.

Cambridge University Library, referred to within the University as " the University Library " or just " the UL ", is the central research library, which holds over 8 million volumes and, in contrast with the Bodleian or the British Library, many of its books are available on open shelves.

In contrast, research on watersheds in the Northern United States and Canada shows that beavers provide ecological benefits by creating ponds that increase fish and bird abundance and diversity.

The term primitive, in contrast with other uses, refers to a basis in scholarship and research into the actual writings of the church fathers and other historical documents.

In contrast, Longyearbyen has almost only Norwegian research, while Ny-Ålesund is roughly evenly split between Norwegian and foreign.

In contrast with the traditional German apprentice model of pursuing a PhD, a Graduiertenkolleg aims to provide young researchers with a structured doctoral training within an excellent research environment.

However, the level of scholarship has to be considerably higher than that required for a research doctoral ( PhD ) thesis in terms of quality and quantity, and must be accomplished independently, in contrast with a PhD dissertation typically directed or guided by a faculty supervisor.

In the fiscal year ending March 2004, for example, the library reported more than 250, 000 reference inquiries ; in contrast, it recorded only 32, 000 requests for research from the National Diet.

In order for his imaginary languages to have this type of depth, Barker developed entire cultures, histories, dress fashions, architectural styles, weapons, armor, tactical styles, legal codes, demographics and more, inspired by Indian, Middle Eastern, Egyptian and Meso-American mythology in contrast to the majority of such fantasy settings, which draw primarily on European mythologies.

In contrast to the Locost's space frame inspired chassis, the Locust uses a ladder chassis and a body constructed from plywood skinned with aluminium.

One way is based on the spatial contrast analysis. For example, in a center-surround mechanism is used to define saliency across scales, which is inspired by the putative neural mechanism.

Not that the contrast is inspired or believable in itself.

Harris frequently writes lyrics about mythology, history or topics inspired from books and films, for which Iron Maiden has become notable in sharp contrast to most other rock bands where the themes are typically sex, drugs and rebellion.

In contrast M. Anthony Lewis has used the field of biomorphic robots to study how humans and animals use " biologically inspired principles " to negotiate the complexities of the real world.

This conclusion was due to the contrast between the aforementioned song title and the cartoon drawings on the album cover, which were inspired by children's books found in the estate of E's mother.

In contrast with Morgoth's success in the Dagor Bragollach, his campaign against Doriath was a series of setbacks and defeats at the hands of Thingol and his forces which inspired resistance and restored hope to the free peoples of Beleriand.

By way of contrast, Godley and Creme were the predominantly experimental half of 10cc, featuring an Art School sensibility and cinematic inspired writing.

This is a motif inspired by the book of the same name, which is part of the Old Magic, in contrast to Cadellin's High Magic.

The book of the same name influenced and inspired a multitude of artists with the energetic, vibrant, sexy, and ultra-violent images it contained which were in complete contrast to the uptight and exclusive art scene of the day.

In contrast with this, Poporanist critic Garabet Ibrăileanu argued that Caragiale actually hated the people who inspired his works, and claimed that the writer had made this clear during one of their conversations.

The story, we are told, is inspired by this image, but is not based on it, in contrast to Daphnis and Chloe, a romance which also opens with an ekphrasis, but instead of being inspired by the painting is in fact an interpretation of the painting, making the whole novel a form of ekphrasis.

In contrast to these strong compositions he also shaped a number of lyric piano pieces inspired by nature and Norwegian folk music ( he never borrowed directly from folk music ) published in collections called Tunes and dances from Siljustøl and Easy pieces for piano.

Churchill has stated that the play was inspired by her conversations with American feminists: it comments on the contrast between American feminism, which celebrates individualistic women who acquire power and wealth, and British socialist feminism, which involves collective group gain.

In contrast, scientific socialism was based on the altruistic values that inspired genuine Islam.

Winklepicker shoes, inspired by the Poulaines worn by the medieval French nobility, were a conspicuous contrast to the brothel creepers worn by Teddy Boys.

He similarly formed the ambition of writing a sequence of ten novels inspired by Balzac ’ s Comédie humaine, in which he would depict characters from all strata of society rather than peasants, and compare and contrast different moments in history by depicting the experiences of members of the same family in times a hundred years apart.

From about 1970 a number of performers inspired by electric folk, particularly in England, Germany and Brittany, adopted medieval and renaissance music as a basis for their music, in contrast to the early modern and 19th century ballada that dominated the output of Fairport Convention.

In contrast to traditional computer graphics, which has focused on photorealism, NPR is inspired by artistic styles such as painting, drawing, technical illustration, and animated cartoons.

In the Muromachi period ( 15th century ), the term Yamato-e has been used to show the contrast between it and work from other contemporary Chinese style paintings, which were inspired by Yuan and Sung dynasty Buddhist paintings.

While multiple scattering can increase light path per unit depth, increasing absorption and solar heating of the water column, EHUX has inspired proposals for geomimesis, ( Seitz 2011 ) because micron sized air bubbles are specular reflectors, and so in contrast to E. huxleyi, tend to lower the temperature of the upper water column,.

German higher criticism questioned the Bible as a historical document in contrast to the evangelical creed that every word was divinely inspired.