In common law countries, a defendant may enter a peremptory plea of autrefois acquit or autrefois convict ( autrefois means " previously " in French ), meaning the defendant has been acquitted or convicted of the same offence.

The alignment with these countries was accompanied by a more moderate Iraqi approach to other Arab countries, such as Egypt and Jordan, which previously Iraq had perceived as hostile.

Ever since, relations between the two nations have been warm ; with both countries having had discussed previously in the Pakistan-Kenya Joint Ministerial Commission session which was hosted in Nairobi in 2004, about boosting bilateral trade and economic relations.

However, developments in shipbuilding elsewhere removed the advantage the Scandinavian countries had previously enjoyed at sea, whilst castle building throughout Europe effectively ended any benefit it might bring.

Their models have been rebadged and sold in other countries and continents, such as Vauxhall in the UK, Holden in Australia and New Zealand and, previously, Saturn in the U. S. and Canada.

In large part representing the popularity Nasser had gained among the masses in the Arab world following the Suez crisis, the United Arab Republic ( UAR ) in 1958 was the first case of the actual merger of two previously independent Arab countries.

Stalinist rapid industrialization in the Soviet Union was officially designed to accelerate the Marxian development towards communism, stressing that such rapid industrialization was needed because the country was previously economically backward in comparison with other countries ; and that it was needed in order to challenge internal and external enemies of communism.

Following the US invasion of Grenada, countries previously looking for support from Cuba saw that the United States was likely to take violent action to discourage this.

According to the Boundary treaty of 1881 Tierra del Fuego was divided between Argentina and Chile ; previously it was claimed by both countries in its entirety.

The United Kingdom does not have a single legal system due to it being created by the political union of previously independent countries with the terms of the Treaty of Union guaranteeing the continued existence of Scotland's separate legal system.

June 20 had previously been commemorated as African Refugee Day in a number of African countries.

This approach is different from the common law approach found in many countries that had previously treated children as possessions or chattels, ownership of which was sometimes argued over in family disputes.

Traditionally a popular source of food in some countries, such as Norway, in the United Kingdom it has previously been largely consumed as a cheaper and versatile alternative to cod and haddock in the West Country, elsewhere being known mostly for its traditional use as " Pollack for puss / coley for the cat.

In many countries this recognition is in a transition stage ; as an example, in 2011, hospitals in Beijing, China began a recruitment drive to acquire respiratory therapists for their intensive care units where previously nurses were the only clinician.

The only other countries to have been awarded a World Cup without previously having competed in a Finals tournament are Italy in 1934 and Qatar in 2022.

Kent released the compilation Box 1991 – 2008, featuring all their previous studio albums and previously unreleased material, in all Nordic countries on October 29, 2008.

This requirement had previously prevented countries from submitting films where the majority of the dialogue was spoken in a language that was non-native to the submitting country, and the Academy's executive director explicitly cited as a reason for the rule change the case of the Italian film Private ( 2004 ), which was disqualified simply because its main spoken languages were Arabic and Hebrew, neither of which are indigenous languages of Italy.

Belize, a country previously accused of having their vote bought and paid for by Japan by a number of countries and NGO's, shifted side and consistently voted with the anti-whaling block at the 2006 IWC meeting.

The United Kingdom does not have a single legal system since it was created by the political union of previously independent countries.

Salvation Army officers were previously allowed to marry only other officers ( this rule varies in different countries ); but this rule has been relaxed in recent years.

This scale, for all intents and purposes the same as the Gay-Lussac scale previously used by much of mainland Europe, was adopted by all the countries in the European Community in 1980.

Such an interpretation would also of course mean Jews and their descendants displaced from previously Arab countries would have no right of return.

On May 30, 2008, ABC News reported that Khan, who previously confessed to his involvement with Iran and North Korea, now denies involvement with the spread of nuclear arms to those countries.

`` President Kennedy once again interpreted the Soviet proposals, to sign a peace treaty with Germany as a threat, as part of the world menace allegedly looming over the countries of capitalism.

A common criticism has been that many social science scholars ( such as economists, sociologists, and psychologists ) in Western countries focus disproportionately on Western subjects, while anthropology focuses disproportionately on the " other "; this has changed over the last part of the twentieth century as anthropologists increasingly, also study Western subjects, particularly variation across class, region, or ethnicity within Western societies, and other social scientists increasingly take a global view of their fields.

Parts of both countries were part of the Portuguese Empire from the early 16th century until Brazil's independence in 1822.

In the United Kingdom and other countries, a quantity surveyor is often part of the team to provide cost consulting.

The form used in the Roman Rite included anointing of seven parts of the body while saying ( in Latin ): " Through this holy unction and His own most tender mercy may the Lord pardon thee whatever sins or faults thou hast committed deliquisti by sight hearing, smell, taste, touch, walking, carnal delectation ", the last phrase corresponding to the part of the body that was touched ; however, in the words of the 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia, " the unction of the loins is generally, if not universally, omitted in English-speaking countries, and it is of course everywhere forbidden in case of women ".

The clouds which strike Kathiawar and Kutch are deprived of a great deal of their moisture by the hills in those countries ( now the majority of this region is in Gujarat state within independent India ), and the greater part of the remainder is deposited on Mount Abu and the higher slopes of the Aravalli Range, leaving but little for Merwara, where the hills are lower, and still less for Ajmer.

Some doubts have been raised about the long-term effectiveness of antipsychotics for schizophrenia, in part because two large international World Health Organization studies found individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia tend to have better long-term outcomes in developing countries ( where there is lower availability and use of antipsychotics and mental health problems are treated with more informal, community-led methods only ) than in developed countries.

The Herzegovinian municipality of Neum in the south makes the southernmost part of Croatia an exclave and the two countries are negotiating special transit rules through Neum to compensate for that.

The late author Sheldon H. Harris in his book " Factories of Death: Japanese Biological Warfare, 1932-1945, and the American cover up " wrote that, The test program, could be part of Project AGILE or Project OCONUS which began in fall 1962 and which was funded at least through fiscal year 1963, was considered by the Chemical Corps to be “ an ambitious one .” The tests were designed to cover “ not only trials at sea, but Arctic and tropical environmental tests as well .” The tests, presumably, were conducted at what research officers designated, but did not name, “ satellite sites .” These sites were located both in the continental United States and in foreign countries.

The House is even shown live on satellite television, although in some countries, with a 10-15 minute delay to allow libelous or unacceptable content ( such as references to people who are not taking part in the program and have therefore not consented to have personal information about them broadcast ) to be removed.

Technical advances in foreign countries were, however, observed and used in part by the Weapons Office of the Reichswehr.

" In the foregoing part of this chapter I have endeavoured to show, even upon the principles of the commercial system, how unnecessary it is to lay extraordinary restraints upon the importation of goods from those countries with which the balance of trade is supposed to be disadvantageous.

Some countries where cross ownership of shares is a major part of the business culture are:

Cambodia's boundaries were for the most part based upon those recognized by France and by neighboring countries during the colonial period.

Like all Central American countries, Costa Rica is considered part of a biodiversity hotspot.

The Herzegovinian municipality of Neum in the south makes the southernmost part of Croatia an exclave and the two countries are negotiating special transit rules through Neum to compensate for that.

The group is found in England, northern France, the low countries, northern Germany, Denmark and in the subsurface of the southern part of the North Sea.

Present in many countries in every continent, every year Capoeira attracts to Brazil thousands of foreign students and, often, foreign capoeiristas work hard to learn the official Brazilian language, Portuguese, in an effort to better understand and become part of the art.

From the 19th century, up to the end of the 20th century, most of Central Asia has been part of the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union, both being Slavic majority countries.

Due in part to this recent exposure, there are now an estimated 100, 000 participants scattered around the rest of the world in countries including Australia, Canada, China, Colombia, Finland, France, Germany, Japan, the Netherlands, New Zealand and the United Kingdom.

In some countries, civil defense is seen as a key part of " total defense ".

The forest products industry is a large part of the economy in both developed and developing countries.

" With Eisenhower's leadership and Dulles ' direction, CIA activities increased, to resist the spread of communism in poorer countries ; the CIA in part deposed the leaders of Iran in Operation Ajax, of Guatemala through Operation Pbsuccess, and possibly the newly independent Republic of the Congo ( Léopoldville ).

The recognition process can be done by the employer or employee and may be part of the official bureaucracy for confirming professional status and is dependent on individual bilateral agreements between Germany and other countries.