John Adams asserted in the Continental Congress' Declaration of Rights that the demands of the colonies were in accordance with their charters, the British Constitution and the common law, and Jefferson appealed in the Declaration of Independence `` to the tribunal of the world '' for support of a revolution justified by `` the laws of nature and of nature's God ''.

It seemed to me that the liberals had scrapped the balanced polarity and reposed both liberty and the fundamental law in the common man.

Living pictures of the early boroughs, country life in Tudor and Stuart times, the impact of the industrial revolution compete with sensitive surveys of language and literature, the common law, parliamentary development.

To obey the moral law is just ordinary common sense, applied to a neglected field.

The theory of international law, which in the nineteenth century became common to virtually all writers in Europe and America, broke this unity and this universality.

The Lincoln Mills decision authorizes a whole new body of federal `` common law '' which, as Mr. Justice Frankfurter pointed out in dissent, leads to one of the following `` incongruities '': `` ( ( 1 ) conflict in federal and state court interpretations of collective bargaining agreements ; ;

He is a trustee for the common good, however feeble the safeguards which the positive or municipal law of property provides against his misuse of that share of the common fund, wisely or unwisely, entrusted to his keeping.

Eighteenth-century England, upon whose customs our common law was built, had outlawed unions as monopolies and conspiracies.

In Anglo-American common law courts, appellate review of lower court decisions may also be obtained by filing a petition for review by prerogative writ in certain cases.

In the common law, an answer is the first pleading by a defendant, usually filed and served upon the plaintiff within a certain strict time limit after a civil complaint or criminal information or indictment has been served upon the defendant.

In the context of patent law and specifically in prior art searches, searching through abstracts is a common way to find relevant prior art document to question to novelty or inventive step ( or non-obviousness in United States patent law ) of an invention.

The term " allocution " is generally only in use in jurisdictions in the United States, though there are vaguely similar processes in other common law countries.

At common law allegiance is a true and faithful obedience of the subject due to his Sovereign.

By ancient common law it might be required of all persons above the age of 12, and it was repeatedly used as a test for the disaffected.

* Abatement of debts and legacies, a common law doctrine of wills

Jurisprudence is based on English common law.

Assault in some US jurisdictions is defined more broadly still as any intentional physical contact with another person without their consent ; but in the majority of the United States, and in England and Wales and all other common law jurisdictions in the world, this is defined instead as battery.

In common law, criminal assault often accompanied battery.

In English law, s58 Children Act 2004, limits the availability of the lawful correction defense to common assault under s39 Criminal Justice Act 1988.

Assault is a common law crime defined as " unlawfully and intentionally applying force to the person of another, or inspiring a belief in that other that force is immediately to be applied to him.

" The common law crime of indecent assault was repealed by the Criminal Law ( Sexual Offences and Related Matters ) Amendment Act, 2007, and replaced by a statutory crime of sexual assault.

English law provides for two offences of assault: common assault and battery.

American common law has defined assault as an attempt to commit a battery.

A common criticism has been that many social science scholars ( such as economists, sociologists, and psychologists ) in Western countries focus disproportionately on Western subjects, while anthropology focuses disproportionately on the " other "; this has changed over the last part of the twentieth century as anthropologists increasingly, also study Western subjects, particularly variation across class, region, or ethnicity within Western societies, and other social scientists increasingly take a global view of their fields.

In Western countries, a bead frame similar to the Russian abacus but with straight wires and a vertical frame has been common ( see image ).

This terminology is common in many countries, and originated from the " Lex Sempronia Agraria " or " agrarian laws " of Rome in 133 BC, imposed by Tiberius Gracchus, that seized public land ( ager publicus ) used by the rich and distributed it to the poor.

The symbol ua is recommended by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures, and the international standard ISO 80000, while au is recommended by the International Astronomical Union, and is more common in Anglosphere countries.

Of reptiles the lizard and chameleon are common, and there are a number of venomous snakes, though these are not so numerous as in other tropical countries.

What they and many others of that generation in the Nordic countries had in common was that they started off from a classical education and were first designing in the so-called Nordic Classicism style – a style that had been a reaction to the previous dominant style of National Romanticism – before moving, in the late 1920s, towards Modernism.

This divergence between American English and British English once caused George Bernard Shaw to say that the United States and United Kingdom are " two countries divided by a common language "; a similar comment is ascribed to Winston Churchill.

Arab culture is a term that draws together the common themes and overtones found in the Arab countries, especially those of the Middle-Eastern countries.

Generally speaking, most countries that follow the principles of common law have developed procedures for judicial review that limit the reviewability of decisions made by administrative law bodies.

This difference is vital in appreciating administrative law in common law countries.

The adversarial system is generally adopted in common law countries.

Prior to 2006, in common with many other Caribbean countries, Cable & Wireless ( Caribbean ) had a statutory monopoly on telephone and other electronic communications services.

In 1981 the two countries went to the brink of war over Bakassi and another area around Lake Chad, at the other end of the two countries ' common border.

In most common law countries, the powers of the board are vested in the board as a whole, and not in the individual directors.

: When forces that are hostile to socialism try to turn the development of some socialist country towards capitalism, it becomes not only a problem of the country concerned, but a common problem and concern of all socialist countries.

While many scientific experts might agree on a common definition of the term " coast ", the delineation of the extents of a coast differ according to jurisdiction, with many scientific and government authorities in various countries differing for economic and social policy reasons.

Particularly common law is in England where it originated in the Middle Ages, and in countries that trace their legal heritage to England as former colonies of the British Empire, including India, the United States, Pakistan, Nigeria, Bangladesh, Canada, Malaysia, Ghana, Australia, Sri Lanka, Hong Kong, Singapore, Ireland, New Zealand, Jamaica, Trinidad & Tobago, Cyprus, Barbados,

By contrast, in civil law jurisdictions ( the legal tradition that prevails in, or is combined with common law in, Europe and most non-Islamic, non-common law countries ), courts lack authority to act where there is no statute, and judicial precedent is given less interpretive weight ( which means that a judge deciding a given case has more freedom to interpret the text of a statute independently, and less predictably ), and scholarly literature is given more.

As colonies gained independence from Britain, in most cases the newly independent countries adopted English common law precedent as of the date of independence as the default law to carry forward into the new nation, to the extent not explicitly rejected by the newly freed colony's founding documents or government.

The common law constitutes the basis of the legal systems of: England and Wales, Northern Ireland, Ireland, federal law in the United States and the law of individual U. S. states ( except Louisiana ), federal law throughout Canada and the law of the individual provinces and territories ( except Quebec ), Australia ( both federal and individual states ), Kenya, New Zealand, South Africa, India, Malaysia, Bangladesh, Brunei, Pakistan, Singapore, Hong Kong, Antigua and Barbuda, Barbados, The Bahamas, Belize, Dominica, Grenada, Jamaica, St. Vincent and the Granadines, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Trinidad and Tobago, and many other generally English-speaking countries or Commonwealth countries ( except Scotland, which is bijuridicial, and Malta ).

The contrast between civil law and common law legal systems has become increasingly blurred, with the growing importance of jurisprudence ( similar to case law but not binding ) in civil law countries, and the growing importance of statute law and codes in common law countries.