The judge became ill just as the Colfax District Court convened, no substitute was brought in, no criminal cases heard, only 5 out of 122 cases docketed were tried, and court adjourned sine die after sitting a few days instead of the usual three weeks.

Another issue suitable for appeal in criminal cases is effective assistance of counsel.

Some jurisdictions have specialized appellate courts, such as the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals, which only hears appeals raised in criminal cases, and the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, which has general jurisdiction but derives most of its caseload from patent cases, on the other hand, and appeals from the Court of Federal Claims on the other.

In the United States, however, personally retained counsel have had a right to appear in all federal criminal cases since the adoption of the Constitution and in state cases at least since the end of the Civil War, although nearly all provided this right in their state constitutions or laws much earlier.

Even rarer are cases where self-amputation is performed for criminal or political purposes:

The common law, as applied in civil cases ( as distinct from criminal cases ), was devised as a means of compensating someone for wrongful acts known as torts, including both intentional torts and torts caused by negligence, and as developing the body of law recognizing and regulating contracts.

Indeed, in those cases where no clear consensus exists on a given norm, the drafting of criminal law by the group in power to prohibit the behaviour of another group may seem to some observers an improper limitation of the second group's freedom, and the ordinary members of society have less respect for the law or laws in general — whether the authorities actually enforce the disputed law or not.

While people may gain celebrity status as a result of a successful career in a particular field ( primarily in the areas pertaining towards sports and entertainment ), in other cases, people become celebrities due to media attention for their extravagant lifestyle or wealth ( as in the case of a socialite ); for their connection to a famous person ( as in the case of a relative of a famous person ); or even for their misdeeds ( as in the case of a well-known criminal ).

He had the power to overturn any verdict by any other courts, and served as judge in cases involving criminal charges against provincial governors.

In the theory of law, a controversy differs from a legal case ; while legal cases include all suits, criminal as well as civil, a controversy is a purely civil proceeding.

In such cases, the servants of the " criminal " sovereign were often considered accomplices and their persons violated.

In cases where an engineer's work fails he or she may be subject to the tort of negligence and, in extreme cases, the charge of criminal negligence.

There are only a few criminal cases which must be heard before the Supreme Court ; these are murder, manslaughter, rape, piracy, treason and arson with the intent to endanger life.

They hear the most simple of criminal cases ( or sit when the Senior Magistrate is not in the Islands ) and they also act as the Licensing Justices who deal with alcohol-related applications, such as extended opening hours, special occasion licences, etc.

The SM is resident in the Islands and hears the majority of cases from simple criminal and civil matters right up to very serious criminal matters or complex civil cases.

First published in 1932 as Fugitives Wanted by Police, the FBI Law Bulletin covers topics including law enforcement technology and issues, such as crime mapping and use of force, as well as recent criminal justice research, and Vi-CAP alerts, on wanted suspects and key cases.

Jury trials started for criminal cases.

At common law, a demurrer was the pleading through which a defendant would challenge legal sufficiency of a complaint in criminal or civil cases, but today the pleading has been discontinued in many jurisdictions, including the United Kingdom and the U. S. federal court system ( though some state jurisdictions, including California and Virginia, retain it ).

In criminal cases, a demurrer may be used in some circumstances to challenge the legal sufficiency of the indictment or other similar charging instrument.

In criminal law demurrer is obsolete, although not formally abolished.

The trial will be held, probably the first week of March, in the famous Old Bailey central criminal court where Klaus Fuchs, the naturalized British German born scientist who succeeded in giving American and British atomic bomb secrets to Russia and thereby changed world history during the 1950s, was sentenced to 14 years in prison.

( P. 215 ) when corporate abuses were attacked, it was done on the theory that criminal penalties would be invoked rather than control.

Lincoln's most notable criminal trial occurred in 1858 when he defended William " Duff " Armstrong, who was on trial for the murder of James Preston Metzker.

As a young boy, Tarrou attended one day of a criminal proceeding in which a man was on trial for his life.

In The Nemean Lion, he sided with the criminal, Miss Amy Carnaby, and saved her from having to face justice by blackmailing his client Sir Joseph Hoggins, who himself was plotting murder and was unwise enough to let Poirot discover this.

As the criminal law evolved, element one was weakened in most jurisdictions so that a reasonable fear of bodily injury would suffice.

He was described as behaving as a criminal at every stage of his career.

Machiavelli goes on to reason that Agathocles ' success, in contrast to other criminal tyrants, was due to his ability to mitigate his crimes by limiting them to those that " are applied at one blow and are necessary to one's security, and that are not persisted in afterwards unless they can be turned to the advantage of the subjects ".

As such, the workers would have been well within their rights to protest, and subsequent government action would have been a set of criminal procedures designed to crush what was seen as a pivotal demonstration of the growing labor rights movement, strongly opposed by management.

The right to counsel in criminal trials was initially not accepted in some adversarial systems.

While Agamemnon, the son of Atreus, was absent on his expedition against Troy, Aegisthus seduced Clytemnestra, the wife of Agamemnon, and was so wicked as to offer up thanks to the gods for the success with which his criminal exertions were crowned.

The Big Dig was the most expensive highway project in the U. S. and was plagued by escalating costs, scheduling overruns, leaks, design flaws, charges of poor execution and use of substandard materials, criminal arrests, and even four deaths.

Hitler proclaimed to rely on surprise alone was " criminal ", and that " we have to prepare for a long war along with surprise attack ".

Following a 12-year inquiry, Saville's report was made public on 15 June 2010, and contained findings of fault that could re-open the controversy, and potentially lead to criminal investigations for some soldiers involved in the killings.

" In 1704, civilization was used to mean " a law which makes a criminal process into a civil case.

The investigation of counterrevolutionary or major criminal offenses was conducting by the Investigatory Commission of Revtribunal.

The second was by former British Prime Minister Gordon Brown, who has rallied the world community to support UN sanctions against Zimbabwe, denouncing the regime's leaders as a " criminal cabal ".

The dialogue of the series was kept " clean ", but its level of sophistication was appropriate to adults in a criminal milieu.

Significantly, the Quebec Act also replaced the French criminal law presumption of guilty until proven innocent with the English criminal law presumption of innocent until proven guilty ; but the French code or civil law system was retained for non-criminal matters.

Contempt of court in a civil suit is generally not considered to be a criminal offense, with the party benefiting from the order also holding responsibility for the enforcement of the order.

West's Encyclopedia of American Law states that " a ' mercy killing ' or euthanasia is generally considered to be a criminal homicide " and is normally used as a synonym of homicide committed at a request made by the patient.

Various internet laws generally regard any message or post that threatens, harasses, or degrades another user as cyber harassment and as such can be considered criminal in some jurisdictions.

As the ICTY is part of the United Nations and as it was the first international court for criminal justice, the development of a juridical infrastructure was considered quite a challenge.

v. U. S. 156 U. S. 51 ( 1895 ), generally considered the pivotal case concerning the rights and powers of the jury, declared: " It is our deep and settled conviction, confirmed by a re-examination of the authorities that the jury, upon the general issue of guilty or not guilty in a criminal case, have the right, as well as the power, to decide, according to their own judgment and consciences, all questions, whether of law or of fact, involved in that issue.

The sexologists ' claims that homosexuality was a congenital anomaly were generally well-accepted by homosexual men ; it indicated that their behavior was not inspired by nor should be considered a criminal vice, as was widely acknowledged.

For example, commitment proceedings are not criminal proceedings even though they can result in long confinement because the confinement is considered rehabilitative in nature and not punishment.

For instance, a conviction arising from a nolo contendere plea is subject to any and all penalties, fines, and forfeitures of a conviction from a guilty plea in the same case, and can be considered as an aggravating factor in future criminal actions.

Despite its harsh provisions, a RICO-related charge is considered easy to prove in court, as it focuses on patterns of behavior as opposed to criminal acts.

Now considered a criminal organisation, several Stasi officials were prosecuted for their crimes after 1990.

The Decree of Diopithes made the introduction of and belief in foreign Gods a criminal offence and only Greeks were allowed to worship in Athenian temples and festivals as foreigners were considered impure.

A statistical test procedure is comparable to a criminal trial ; a defendant is considered not guilty as long as his or her guilt is not proven.

In some cases, breaches of injunctions are considered serious criminal offenses that merit arrest and possible prison sentences.

The University of Leuven ( Louvain ) was closed in 1797, priests were considered criminal, and churches were plundered.

In English law, the jury's deliberations must never be disclosed outside the jury, even years after the case ; to repeat parts of the trial or verdict, is considered to be contempt of court, a criminal offense.

The courts have been very reluctant to follow this approach, emphasising the materiality of the criminal element required for these damages to be considered.

Thus, the actus reus and mens rea of homicide in a modern criminal statute can be considered as follows:

" The Board considered Bolivia, Peru and a few other countries that allow such practises to be in breach with their treaty obligations, and insisted that “ each party to the Convention should establish as a criminal offence, when committed intentionally, the possession and purchase of coca leaf for personal consumption .”

While collateral attacks on criminal convictions, such as state level habeas corpus petitions, are usually considered to be technically civil cases, because they are not brought by a prosecutor and do not seek to convict someone of a crime, these suits are, in both states, appealed to the criminal court of last resort, rather than the civil court of last resort.

This gives some measure of privacy and protection ; though the very nature of Culture society would, strictly speaking, make keeping secrets irrelevant: most of them would be considered neither shameful nor criminal.

Few among them are considered incorruptible ; even the honest officers are unable ( or unwilling ) to curtail the criminal actions of the dishonest ones.

A grand jury investigated and considered possible criminal indictments against the Clayton County School Board.

This law does not apply to persons considered dangerous to the welfare of the state, who have a criminal past or are wanted fugitives in their countries with the exception of persecution victims.