In fact, modern scholarly opinion in the main has not retreated all the way back to the destructive scepticism of the first half of the nineteenth century.

Wilson stressed the fact that clear as this was, they must have a better church, a more business-like conduct of the church organization, and an effort to get this religious center out of its rut of wild worship into a modern church organization.

In fact, the antipathy to outward ceremonies hailed by modern exponents as so uniquely characteristic of the `` direct thinking '' Zennist was a feature of Taoism.

Kant is not generally considered to be a modern anthropologist, however, as he never left his region of Germany nor did he study any cultures besides his own, and in fact, describes the need for anthropology as a corollary field to his own primary field of philosophy.

The fact that haplogroups N9b and M7a were observed in Hokkaido Jomons bore out the hypothesis that these haplogroups are the ( pre -) Jomon contribution to the modern Japanese mtDNA pool.

In byte-oriented systems ( i. e. most modern computers ), the term uncompressed BCD usually implies a full byte for each digit ( often including a sign ), whereas packed BCD typically encodes two decimal digits within a single byte by taking advantage of the fact that four bits are enough to represent the range 0 to 9.

In fact, the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ( ELISA ), which uses antibodies, is currently one of the most sensitive tests modern medicine uses to detect various biomolecules.

In fact, they've fallen short of it but -- difficult as it is for me to understand -- a modern sophist might say that these last years have actually demanded a reduction in conscience and feeling in the name of greater intelligibility.

Sets are of great importance in mathematics ; in fact, in modern formal treatments, most mathematical objects ( numbers, relations, functions, etc.

The degree to which these external factors should influence adjudication is the subject of active debate, but that judges do draw of learning from other fields and jurisdictions is a fact of modern legal life.

Based on a study of the British rock succession, it was the first of the modern ' system ' names to be employed, and reflects the fact that many coal beds were formed globally during this time.

However, none of these parameters differ significantly from early writings of Howard and Balfour, suggesting that in fact modern composting has not made significant advances over the traditional methods that take a few months to work.

One of Claudius's investigators discovered that many old Roman citizens based in the modern city of Trento were not in fact citizens.

More generally, unspecific coercion may be the form taken by disciplinary coercion, and this appears to be in fact the case within the most effective command systems of the modern world.

The Maya are generally given credit for creating the first modern chocolate beverage over 2, 000 years ago, despite the fact that the beverage would undergo many more changes in Europe.

Unlike the modern historian, most chroniclers tended to take their information as they found it, and made little attempt to separate fact from legend.

In 18th and 19th century Germany, several thousand local languages of the continental west Germanic dialect continuum were reclassified as dialects of modern New High German although the vast majority of them were ( and still are ) mutually incomprehensible, despite the fact that they all existed long before New High German, which had at least in part been shaped as a compromise or mediative language between these local languages.

In one opinion, this pattern is clearly present among the modern Romance tongues, with Italian and Spanish having a high degree of mutual comprehensibility, which neither language shares with French, despite some claiming that both languages are genetically closer to French than to each other: In fact, French-Italian and French-Spanish relative mutual incomprehensibility is due to French having undergone more rapid and more pervasive phonological change than have Spanish and Italian, not to real or imagined distance in genetic relationship.

Several modern authors such as Dorey have argued the opposite: that Agricola was in fact a close friend of Domitian, and that Tacitus merely sought to distance his family from the fallen dynasty once Nerva was in power.

The idea of a relation between the language of the Aegean Linear scripts was taken into consideration as the main hypothesis by Michael Ventris before discovering that in fact the language behind the more modern Linear B script was Mycenean, a Greek dialect.

However, this view neglects the fact that i ) both modern cyanobacteria and alpha-proteobacteria are Gram negative bacteria, which are surrounded by double membranes ; ii ) the outer membranes of the endosymbiotic organelles ( chloroplasts and mitochondria ) are very similar to those of these bacteria in their lipid and protein compositions.

Hence England and, by extension its modern successor state, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, is in fact an Empire ruled by a King endowed with the imperial dignity.

The nature of interaction between early humans and these sister species has been a long standing source of controversy, the question being whether humans replaced these earlier species or whether they were in fact similar enough to interbreed, in which case these earlier populations may have contributed genetic material to modern humans.

The Revolution is, in fact, often seen as marking the " dawn of the modern era ".

However, despite the fact that he never officially bore the name Octavianus, to save confusing the dead dictator with his heir, historians often refer to the new Caesar — between his adoption and his assumption, in 27 BC, of the name Augustus — as Octavian.

Subsequent later historians accepted Myers ' speculation as fact, creating a narrative of events in 5th century Britain with various degrees of elaborate detail.

Common among the mislabeled works are all of the reasons identified for misattributing Cuyp ’ s works: the lack of biography and chronology of his works made it difficult to discern when paintings were created ( making it difficult to pinpoint an artist ); contentious signatures added to historians ’ confusion as to who actually painted the works ; and the collaborations and influences by different painters makes it hard to justify that a painting is genuinely that of Aelbert Cuyp ; and finally, accurate identification is made extremely difficult by the fact that this same style was copied ( rather accurately ) by his predecessor.

It is this reluctance which was felt by the Rijksmuseum to reattribute works to other painters ( Abraham van Calraet does not even appear in a Museum catalogue until 1926, and even then he is not given his own entry ) which shows how important it is to art historians that painters are accurately connected to their works — and this is continuously necessary for those of Aelbert Cuyp, as Dordrecht ’ s most famous painter may not in fact be Dordrecht ’ s most famous painter.

This conquest never happened, but some historians believe that the crossing referred to was in fact a small-scale exploratory or punitive expedition to Ireland.

Currently, historians believed that Gunzelin and Bolesław I are in fact cousins or brothers-in-law.

Other historians doubt the authenticity of this document and point out that the claims in it were patently false — there were in fact thousands of living Vendean prisoners, the revolt had been far from crushed, and the Convention had explicitly decreed that women, children and unarmed men were to be treated humanely.

Based on his accurate description of towns, cities and islands, as well as correctly naming various official titles, archaeologist Sir William Ramsay wrote that " Luke is a historian of the first rank ; not merely are his statements of fact trustworthy ... should be placed along with the very greatest of historians.

Biblical scholar F. F. Bruce has said " the evidence for our New Testament writings is ever so much greater than the evidence for many writings of classical authors, the authenticity of which no one dreams of questioning ... It is a curious fact that historians have often been much readier to trust the New Testament records than have many theologians.

However, some authors and historians would argue Benjamin Franklin was in fact a spy.

According to biographer McFeely, historians overwhelmingly agree that his intemperance at the time was a fact, though there are no eyewitness reports extant.

Because there are no accounts of the custom in Great Britain prior to the 17th century, some historians and folklorists have theorised that it was not an ancient British custom but was in fact imported into Britain from continental Europe in the early modern period, possibly from Flanders in Belgium, where the tradition thrived in this period.

" This, and the fact that the voyages " were contrary to the rules stipulated in the Huangming zuxun, Ancestral Injunctions of the August Ming ," the royal founding documents laid down by the Hongwu Emperor, account for the Ming " neglect " of Zheng He in official accounts and the scant records of the voyages available for later historians.

As a matter of fact, the style received harsh criticism, and was seen by some to be superficial and of poor taste, especially when compared to neoclassicism ; despite this, it has been praised for its aesthetic qualities, and since the mid-19th century, the term has been accepted by art historians.

After almost seven years of childless union, the Duke of Wroclaw obtain the annulment of his marriage under the grounds of sterility, although this fact is disputed by modern historians.

In fact, some historians believe that the psychological stress of slavery may also have played a part in the massive number of native deaths while in servitude.

Although it has been often interpreted by historians as the struggle between two rival French right-wing families ( the Bonapartists, represented by Chirac, and the Orleanists, represented by VGE ), both figures in fact were members of the Liberal, Orleanist tradition, according to historian Alain-Gérard Slama.

In fact, historians have estimated that some form of typewriter was invented 52 times as thinkers tried to come up with a workable design.

This is the interpretation offered by William himself in the Historia, and it was taken as fact by later historians.

Only in 1037 the young prince returned to Poland in order to recover his rights over the throne ; apparently Richeza also returned with him, although this fact is disputed among historians.

Though William's complicity in the lynching has never been proved ( and some 19th-century Dutch historians have made an effort to disprove that he was an accessory before the fact ) he thwarted attempts to prosecute the ringleaders, and even rewarded some, like Hendrik Verhoeff, with money, and others, like Johan van Banchem and Johan Kievit, with high offices.

This is deduced by historians from the fact that Athanaric would later lead the Thervingi in battle against the Huns in 376.

This may be explained by the fact that the ages-old ideological struggle between the monarchically oriented Orangist party and its successive opponents of a more " republican " bent ( going back to at least the conflict between Johan van Oldenbarnevelt and Prince Maurice ), of which the Patriots were only the latest incarnation, was being refought in the standard works of 19th-century Dutch historians like Guillaume Groen van Prinsterer, who saw plenty to despise in the " popular-sovereignty " philosophy of the Patriot radicals.

Both Sun Wu and Sun Bin were referred to as Sun Tzu in classical Chinese writings, and some historians believed that Sun Wu was in fact Sun Bin until Sun Bin's own treatise was discovered in 1972.