Some distribution costs are kept up by competitive pressure, some by the fact that the customers have come to expect certain niceties and flourishes.

For example, as in pin and as in spin are allophones for the phoneme in the English language because they cannot distinguish words ( in fact, they occur in complementary distribution ).

This fact leads to a molecular mass distribution that is missing in biopolymers.

In fact the distribution applies whenever quantum considerations can be ignored.

Observe that the characteristic function is not differentiable at the origin: this corresponds to the fact that the Cauchy distribution does not have an expected value.

But the theory refers only to aggregate wealth and says nothing about the distribution of wealth ; in fact there may be significant losers, in particular among the recently protected industries with a comparative disadvantage.

This ability comes from the fact that bond character between carbon atoms is entirely non-polar, in that the distribution of electrons between the two elements is somewhat even due to the same electronegativity values of the elements (~ 0. 30 ), and does not result in the formation of an electrophile.

In fact, while the sexual selection hypothesis cannot be ruled out, the asymmetrical distribution of this trait vouches for environmental influence.

In fact, injection of methadone does not result in a " rush " as with some other strong opioids such as morphine or hydromorphone, because its extraordinarily high volume of distribution causes it to diffuse into other tissues in the body, particularly fatty tissue ; the peak concentration in the blood is achieved at roughly the same time, whether the drug is injected or ingested.

In fact, there are many ways to generate finite amounts of data that mimic this signature behavior, but, in their asymptotic limit, are not true power laws ( e. g., if the generating process of some data follows a Log-normal distribution ).

They also claim that the belief that solar deities are primarily male is linked to the fact that a few better known mythologies ( such as those of late classical Greece and late Roman mythology ) rarely break from this rule, although closer examination of the earlier myths of those cultures reveal a very different distribution than the contemporary popular belief.

Some will argue that the loan is repaid with after-tax dollars, but the loan itself is not a taxable event, so the " income " from the loan is tax-free, but the " fact " that you get taxed a second time when you do retire and get your final distribution is a red herring.

The lateral intensity distribution on the screen has in fact the shape of a squared zeroth Bessel function of the first kind when close to the optical axis and using a plane wave source ( point source at infinity ):

Adequate determinism focuses on quantum mechanics | the fact that, even without a full understanding of microscopic physics, we can predict the distribution of 1000 coin tosses

This correctly estimates the variance, due to the fact that ( 1 ) the average of normally distributed random variables is also normally distributed ; ( 2 ) the predictive distribution of a normally distributed data point with unknown mean and variance, using conjugate or uninformative priors, has a Student's t-distribution.

In fact, if the prior distribution is a conjugate prior, and hence the prior and posterior distributions come from the same family, it can easily be seen that both prior and posterior predictive distributions also come from the same family of compound distributions.

The fact that two random variables X and Y both have a normal distribution does not imply that the pair ( X, Y ) has a joint normal distribution.

The one-time distribution ( called " the Thou " from the fact that at one point it was one thousand dollars ) is presently $ 2, 000 and is from the United States government in satisfaction of treaty obligations with the tribe.

This distribution can be accounted for by the fact that NO < sub > 2 </ sub > and NH < sub > 4 </ sub >< sup >+</ sup > are intermediate species.

The Markov property states that the conditional probability distribution for the system at the next step ( and in fact at all future steps ) depends only on the current state of the system, and not additionally on the state of the system at previous steps.

However, the Supreme Court has nevertheless ruled since 1950 that such bodies may in fact limit the distribution of materials, if such a limitation is not based on the content of those materials and does not imply a complete impediment to any separate means of distribution.

The differentiation, however, is not very much greater, as shown by the fact that Athabascan shows 3.46 stems per meaning slot as against 2.75 for Yokuts, with a slightly greater number of languages represented in our sample: 24 as against 21.

The average molecular mass and the molar mass of a particular substance in a particular sample are in fact numerically identical and may be inter-converted by Avogadro's constant.

In fact, all measures derived from classical test theory are dependent on the sample tested, while, in principle, those derived from item response theory are not.

The Shidlo-Schroeder recruitment poster is available at NARTH online, stating that the study's authors did not seek to measure the average outcome of conversion therapy, although their study has often been used by activists as if it had, in fact, sought a representative sample ; the lack of a representative sample therefore makes the 80 % failure rate, cited above in this same paragraph, a meaningless number.

In fact, most FTIR spectrometers place the sample after the interferometer in the optical path.

The blood sample was in fact from a Plymouth Rock rooster.

Other flavors include reflection EELS ( including reflection high-energy electron energy-loss spectroscopy ( RHEELS ), typically at 10 to 30 keV ) and aloof EELS ( sometimes called near-field EELS, in which the electron beam does not in fact strike the sample but instead interacts with it via the long-ranged Coulomb interaction ; aloof EELS is particularly sensitive to surface properties but is limited to very small energy losses such as those associated with surface plasmons or direct interband transitions ).

The fact that DACs output a sequence of piecewise constant values ( known as zero-order hold in sample data textbooks ) or rectangular pulses causes multiple harmonics above the Nyquist frequency.

In fact, such a theoretical limit-proof will also show that purely random sampling of the search-space will inevitably yield a sample arbitrarily close to the optimum.

The Immigration Minister, Damian Green, cited a number of reasons for the decision, including the discovery that more than a quarter of the students in the test sample did not in fact have leave ( permission ) to remain in the UK, that the University did not have and could not provide sufficient proof of English-language proficiency standards for some of its students, and the fact that the University was unable to confirm the attendance of its students, in some 57 % of the sampled cases.

However, the sixties pop group The Turtles sued De La Soul for using a sample from their 1969 hit " You Showed Me " for the interlude track " Transmitting Live from Mars ", despite the fact that The Turtles did not actually write the original song.

However, the MAIDS report did not back up the claims that helmet color makes any difference in accident frequency, and that in fact motorcycles painted white were actually over-represented in the accident sample compared to the exposure data.

This results from the fact that the sample is obtained as a time average within a sampling region, rather than just being equal to the signal value at the sampling instant.

# establishment of the fact that a police evidence technician had carried the sample to the crime scene.

That is, we may transform X to a + bX and transform Y to c + dY, where a, b, c, and d are constants, without changing the correlation coefficient ( this fact holds for both the population and sample Pearson correlation coefficients ).

The close Speckled-GWT relationship suggested by mtDNA data could of course still apply to the taxa in general, not just to sequences in 2 maternally inherited genes in a few individual ducks ( for which it without doubt does apply ), but the overall failure of Johnson & Sorenson to seriously take hybridization into account and their small sample sizes and obsolete conceptions of Indian Ocean biogeography do not help at all to resolve the issue, but in 1999, the methodology and interpretation were reasonable enough and in fact, the study was pioneering in many respects due to dense taxon-level sampling and still represents one of the default references for interpreting the pyhlogeny of the genus.

* The most widespread use, to which the rest of this article refers, reflects the fact that measurements are affected by cosmic large-scale structure, so a measurement of any region of sky ( viewed from Earth ) may differ from a a measurement of a different region of sky ( also viewed from Earth ) by an amount that may be much greater than the sample variance.

Some advantages of stress control include the fact that the structure of the sample is less likely to be destroyed and longer relaxation times / longer creep studies can be done with much more ease.

It is possible that pollsters sample 1, 013 voters who happen to vote for Bush when in fact the population is evenly split between Bush and Kerry, but this is extremely unlikely ( p = 2 < sup >− 1013 </ sup > ≈ 1. 1 × 10 < sup >− 305 </ sup >) given that the sample is random.

The fact that the Deerstalker and the Jet were the only completely new designs this year doesn't mean that 1961 didn't see changes in models, actions and calibers.

He does not mean, in fact he addresses himself specifically to reject the proposition, that `` if we took the risk of surrendering, a new generation in Britain would soon begin to amass its strength in secret in order to reverse the consequences of that surrender ''.

In the 19th century a renewed interest in Renaissance polyphony coupled with an ignorance of the fact that vocal parts were often doubled by instrumentalists led to the term coming to mean unaccompanied vocal music.

However, the fact that the third chapter is written in a different style, as a liturgical piece, does not necessarily mean that Habakkuk was not also its author.

An " elementary " proof can be given using the fact that geometric mean of positive numbers is less than arithmetic mean

Though the fact of the irregularity of the lunar orbit was known in the 1st century BC, the starts of the months were calculated using the mean motions of both the sun and moon until 619, the second year of the Tang dynasty, when chronologists began to use true motions modeled using two offset opposing parabolas ( with small linear and cubic components ).

: Having a CPI that is very high ( in some cases, very high is only 1. 2 ) may mean that the plan was too conservative, and thus a very high number may in fact not be good, as the CPI is being measured against a poor baseline.

In fact, the root mean square ( rms ) errors are much better than these upper bounds, being only O ( ε √ log N ) for Cooley – Tukey and O ( ε √ N ) for the naïve DFT ( Schatzman, 1996 ).

Mailer described a factoid as " facts which have no existence before appearing in a magazine or newspaper ", and created the word by combining the word fact and the ending-oid to mean " similar but not the same ".

This can be seen easily from the fact that the sequences do converge to a common limit ( which can be shown by Bolzano – Weierstrass theorem ) and the fact that geometric mean is preserved:

While for p equal to 0 we assume that it's equal to the geometric mean ( which is, in fact, the limit of means with exponents approaching zero ):

where we used the fact that the arithmetic mean evaluates to the same number independent of the order of the terms.

For purposes of the Fifth Amendment, testimonial statements mean communications that explicitly or implicitly relate a factual assertion assertion of fact or belief or disclose information.

This term does not necessarily mean a low level of education, just that the midwife either chose not to become certified or licensed, or there was no certification available for her type of education ( as was the fact before the Certified Professional Midwife ( CPM ) credential was available ).

The fact is even though the first one is the most widely distributed today, when the Medieval authors refer to Midrash Tanchuma, they usually mean the second one.

In fact outside marsh and riparian zones, most of Nepal's native vegetation is adapted to withstand drought, although less so at higher elevations where cooler temperatures mean less water stress.

When Pluto was discovered 19 years later, its mean distance of 39. 48 AU and orbital period of 248 Earth years were close to Ketakar's prediction ( Pluto in fact has a 2: 3 resonance with Neptune ).

But the generic city, the general urban condition, is happening everywhere, and just the fact that it occurs in such enormous quantities must mean that it's habitable.

The existence of this graviton state and the fact that the equations describing string theory include Einstein's equations for general relativity mean that string theory is a quantum theory of gravity.

Truth is most often used to mean in accord with fact or reality or fidelity to an original or to a standard or ideal.

The fact that the toy car is significantly smaller than the real car is part of its representational form, or the differences between the picture and what it pictures, which Wittgenstein is interpreted to mean by Form der Darstellung.