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Page "Amphibian" ¶ 105
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feeding and trials
Botulinum toxin can be detected by a variety of techniques, including enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays ( ELISAs ), electrochemiluminescent ( ECL ) tests and mouse inoculation or feeding trials.
Laboratory feeding trials support that they will feed as generalists, taking almost anything that is soft-bodied and in a reasonable size range.
Rankin Fitch, a shady ' consultant ' who has directed 8 successful trials for the Big Four, has placed a camera in the courtroom, feeding to his office nearby so that the trial can be observed.

feeding and fish
Caecilians have been little studied in this respect but the Cayenne caecilian ( Typhlonectes compressicauda ) produces toxic mucus which has caused the death of predatory fish in a feeding experiment in Brazil.
Culled fry are usually destroyed or used as feeder fish ( mostly used for feeding arowana due to the belief it will enhance its color ), while older culls, within their first year between 3 " to 6 " long ( also called " Tosai "), are often sold as lower-grade, pond-quality koi.
In cage culture, several different methods are used for feeding farmed fish – from simple hand feeding to sophisticated computer-controlled systems with automated food dispensers coupled with in situ uptake sensors that detect consumption rates.
* Scopie: A nickname of a bottom feeding fish often found around coves
The shallow areas affected normally provide feeding grounds for birds, and feeding and nursery areas for fish and shrimp.
Some fishermen follow fishing folklores which claim that fish feeding patterns are influenced by the position of the sun and the moon.
Despite its size, the whale shark feeds only on plankton, squid, and small fish by filter feeding.
This method required minimal gear-boat, lines and hooks — and was used to catch fish that were still feeding in open water before returning to spawn.
Varying in length from 3 feet through to the longest at about 18. 5 feet, they allow very precise positioning of the bait, which in turn enables good catches of fish with accurate feeding.
Like the carbon rods mentioned above this allows for " very precise positioning of the fly, which in turn enables huge catches of fish with accurate feeding ".
In turn, smaller zooplankton are consumed both by larger predatory zooplankters, such as krill, and by forage fish, which are small schooling filter feeding fish.
The redfin and grass pickerels occur primarily in sluggish, vegetated waters of pools, lakes, and swamps, and are carnivorous, feeding on smaller fish.
Carnivorous, its diet comprises crayfish, insects, and smaller fish ; the young also feeding on zooplankton.
Because of its nocturnal feeding habits, it is most easily caught at night using live minnows or lures that mimic small fish.
Gadids are carnivorous, feeding on smaller fish and crustaceans.
They are found worldwide, in both fresh and saltwater, and are typically benthic carnivores, feeding on invertebrates and smaller fish.
They are predators, feeding on small crustaceans, aquatic insects, and smaller fish.
Scorpaeniform fishes are carnivorous, mostly feeding on crustaceans and on smaller fish.
The marine algal blooms known as " red tides " can result in local filter feeding organisms such as mussels and oysters becoming toxic ; coral fish can be responsible for the poisoning known as ciguatera when they accumulate a toxin called ciguatoxin from reef algae.
Steller sea lions are skilled and opportunistic marine predators feeding on a wide range of fish and cephalopod species.
In feeding, they may destroy, uproot, disturb and eat submerged vegetation, causing serious damage to native duck, such as canvasbacks, and fish populations.

feeding and frogs
The Great Egret feeds in shallow water or drier habitats, feeding mainly on fish, frogs, small mammals, and occasionally small reptiles and insects, spearing them with its long, sharp bill most of the time by standing still and allowing the prey to come within its striking distance of its bill which it uses as a spear.
In Costa Rica, motmots have been observed feeding on poison dart frogs.
Most species are shrike-like, arboreal forest birds, feeding on reptiles, frogs and insects.
Unlike many other burrowing species of frogs that emerge and feed above the ground, this species has been found to forage underground feeding mainly on termites using their tongue and a special buccal groove.
Some species have very generalised diets ( euryophagy ), but many taxa have narrow prey preferences ( stenophagy ) and correlated morphological specialisations, e. g. for feeding on other snakes, elongate burrowing lizards, squamate eggs, mammals, birds, frogs, fish, etc.
The Lesser Adjutant stalks around wetlands feeding mainly on fish, frogs, reptiles and large invertebrates.
They are ordinarily carnivorous, feeding mostly on insects and like-sized animals, and are known to cannibalize other frogs.
They feed mostly on insects but are known to take frogs and lizards especially when feeding young at the nest.
In the wild, larger species of tarantula have been seen feeding on rodents, frogs, lizards, bats and even deadly venomous snakes.
Their feeding habits change significantly throughout their lives ; whereas older frogs will feed only on land, younger frogs will also feed in the water.
Biomechanics employs such cameras to capture high-speed animal movements, such as jumping in frogs and insects, suction feeding in fish, and the strikes of mantis shrimp, using motion analysis of the resulting sequences from one or more cameras to characterize the motion in either 2-D or 3-D.
When the eggs hatch, both parents take care of the young, feeding them fruit, berries, insects, lizards, and small frogs.
The mouthparts of the tadpole: Birs are modified into a sucking disc, to allow them to cling to substrates, and remain still while they are feeding. Ghost frogs lay their eggs in the water rather than on land.

feeding and reptiles
Falcons and caracaras are carnivores, feeding on birds, small mammals, reptiles, insects and carrion.
Harriers characteristically hunt by flying low over open ground, feeding on small mammals, reptiles, or birds.
Perhaps more than any other true vulture, Lappet-faced Vultures have been recorded as regularly feeding on freshy-killed smaller mammals, birds and reptiles.
When feeding on land they consume seeds, leaves, nuts and acorns, berries, fruit, insects, worms, snails, small reptiles, mammals and birds.
The Rufous Treepie is an arboreal omnivore feeding almost completely in trees on fruits, seeds, invertebrates, small reptiles and the eggs and young of birds ; it has also been known to take flesh from recently killed carcasses.
These are mainly birds which specialise in feeding on snakes and other reptiles, which is the reason most are named as " snake-eagles " or " serpent-eagles ".
Dimetrodon is thought to have been one of the top predators in Early Permian ecosystems, feeding on fish and tetrapods, including reptiles as well as amphibians.
Aside from potential impacts on nesting and feeding grounds of the turtles, the mudflats of the port site itself are breeding grounds for horseshoe crabs as well as rare species of reptiles and amphibians.
The Act applies only to protected animals from halfway through their gestation or incubation periods ( for mammals, birds and reptiles ) or from when they become capable of independent feeding ( for fish, amphibians and, latterly, octopuses ).
Egg binding in reptiles is quickly fatal if left untreated, therefore, gravid females who become very lethargic and cease feeding need immediate medical treatment in order to treat the potentially life-threatening condition.
The British press used it to describe the brutality involved in the public feeding of reptiles at the London zoological garden.
Billions of years later, during the age of the dinosaurs, Set managed to return to Earth, by feeding on the mental energies of reptiles.
It was also used in dissection demonstrations in biology classes, and caught by humans for feeding pet reptiles when it was more common.

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