With the expansion of the mass media and mass / popular culture in the 1960s and 1970s and the blending of social and cultural criticism and literary criticism, the methods of both kinds of critical theory sometimes intertwined in the analysis of phenomena of popular culture, as in the emerging field of cultural studies, in which concepts deriving from Marxian theory, post-structuralism, semiology, psychoanalysis and feminist theory would be found in the same interpretive work.

Feminist film theory is theoretical film criticism derived from feminist politics and feminist theory.

The development of feminist film theory was influenced by second wave feminism and the development of women's studies within the academy.

Additionally, they have begun to explore notions of difference, engaging in dialogue about the differences among women ( part of movement away from essentialism in feminist work more generally ), the various methodologies and perspectives contained under the umbrella of feminist film theory, and the multiplicity of methods and intended effects that influence the development of films.

Whilst Laura Mulvey's paper has a particular place in the feminist film theory, it is also important to note that her ideas regarding ways of watching the cinema ( from the voyeuristic element to the feelings of identification ) have been very important in terms of defining spectatorship from the psychoanalytical view point.

Feminist theory, which emerged from these feminist movements, aims to understand the nature of gender inequality by examining women's social roles and lived experience ; it has developed theories in a variety of disciplines in order to respond to issues such as the social construction of sex and gender.

" In feminist theory the concept of patriarchy often includes all the social mechanisms that reproduce and exert male dominance over women.

Many male feminists and pro-feminists are active in both women's rights activism, feminist theory, and masculinity studies.

" Science fiction and fantasy serve as important vehicles for feminist thought, particularly as bridges between theory and practice.

Along with her work as a writer of prose fiction, Russ was also a playwright, essayist, and author of nonfiction works, generally literary criticism and feminist theory, including the essay collection Magic Mommas, Trembling Sisters, Puritans & Perverts ; How to Suppress Women's Writing ; and the book-length study of modern feminism, What Are We Fighting For ?.

Despite its decline in facial popularity, realists continue to influence a wide spectrum of jurisprudential schools today, including critical legal studies, feminist legal theory, critical race theory, sociology of law and law and economics.

According to feminist theory, misogyny can be manifested in numerous ways, including sexual discrimination, denigration of women, violence against women, and sexual objectification of women.

In feminist theory, other forms of misogyny may be less overt.

Researchers may also develop and employ theories and methods from disciplines including cultural studies, rhetoric, philosophy, literary theory, psychology, political science, political economy, economics, sociology, anthropology, social theory, art history and criticism, film theory, feminist theory, and information theory.

Traditional feminist theorists describe many different attitudes as misogyny.

Camille Paglia, a self-described " dissident feminist " who has often been at odds with other academic feminists, argues that the Marxist-inspired interpretation of misogyny so prevalent in second-wave feminism is seriously flawed.

On the other hand, another feminist writer, Andrea Dworkin, condemned it as " vile pornography " and its author as the embodiment of misogyny, especially as the rape, tortures and murders are inflicted by male characters on victims who are mostly ( though not exclusively ) female.

This period saw a wave of feminist literature on the gendering of Modernism and psychoanalytical misogyny, by a generation of writers who saw her as an early icon of the feminist movement.

* The Sarah Jones song " Your Revolution ," a feminist interpretation of the song criticizing misogyny in mainstream hip hop, with the key line " Your revolution will not happen between these thighs ").

1925 ), and a nonfictional work called Pourquoi je ne suis pas féministe / Why I am not a feminist ( 1928 ) in which she famously claims, “ I have never had any confidence in women since the eternal feminine first betrayed me in maternal guise .” Scandalous in her youth, reviled by moralists as well as early feminists, her work ignored or forgotten in the years after her death, Rachilde balances between decadence and literary modernism, and between a virulent misogyny and deeply-held belief in her own feminine worth.

At the end of the twentiethth century, his name was revived as an example solely of " subliterary misogyny " by feminist literary critics such as Felicity Nussbaum, whose The Brink of All We Hate held out Gould's most scabrous satires ( and almost exclusively Love Given O ' er and the passage quoted above ) as typical of an unpreserved tradition of misogyny.

Athena is reported as a source of influence for feminist theologians such as Carol P. Christ.

Her second and last novel, The Tenant of Wildfell Hall, which is considered to be one of the first sustained feminist novels, appeared in 1848.

She has released more than 20 albums, and is widely considered a feminist icon.

In India some intellectual references of the movement can be found in the works of Vandana Shiva, an ecologist and feminist, who in her book Biopiracy documents the way that the natural capital of indigenous peoples and ecoregions is converted into forms of intellectual capital, which are then recognized as exclusive commercial property without sharing the private utility thus derived.

Love is also self-identified feminist, and has been noted throughout her career for her subversive feminism and " self-conscious parody of female sex roles ".

* Marge Piercy's He, She and It presents a rather feminist view on the cyborg issue with Yod who, however, is provided with some male attributes.

The term female chauvinism has been adopted by critics of some types or aspects of feminism ; second-wave feminist Betty Friedan is a notable example.

Dianic Wicca, a largely feminist form of the practice, is named for her.

Much of the history of Dianic Wicca is closely intertwined with " traditional " Wicca, though Dianic Wicca's feminist views stem largely from second wave feminism.

Dianne Tidball argues that while Vashti is a " feminist icon ", Esther is a post-feminist icon.

According to Cynthia A. Freeland in " Feminist Frameworks for Horror Films ," feminist studies of horror films have focused on psychodynamics where the chief interest is " on viewers ' motives and interests in watching horror films ".

The current mayor is Luizianne Lins a former academic at the local Federal University of Ceará and well known feminist.

* 1881 – The feminist newspaper La Citoyenne is first published in Paris by the activist Hubertine Auclert.

A feminist is " an advocate or supporter of the rights and equality of women ".

As the feminist and political theorist Carole Pateman writes: " The patriarchal construction of the difference between masculinity and femininity is the political difference between freedom and subjection.

The consensus today in feminist and masculinity theories is that both genders can and should cooperate to achieve the larger goals of feminism.

Among American university students, for both men and women, support for feminist ideas is more common than self-identification as a feminist.

Pro-feminism is the support of feminism without implying that the supporter is a member of the feminist movement.

The March to Versailles is but one example of feminist militant activism during the French Revolution.

One feminist critique suggests that BPD is a stigmatizing diagnosis that can sometimes evoke negative responses from health care providers, and additionally, that women who have survived sexual abuse in childhood are therefore sometimes re-traumatized by any such abusive mental health service.

Some womanists have also argued that negative unintended consequences resulting from feminist reforms have fallen heavily upon women of color-specifically in regard to the structure of the black family unit.

Two particular problems which feminist history attempts to address are the exclusion of women from the historical and philosophical tradition, and the negative characterization of women or the feminine therein ; however, feminist history is not solely concerned with issues of gender per se, but rather with the reinterpretation of history in a more holistic and balanced manner.

In feminist critique, stereotypes like the blonde bombshell or the " dumb blonde " are seen as negative images that undermine the power of women.

Many archaeologists engaged in gender research avoid the label of “ feminist ,” largely due to the perceived negative connotations of the word.

Ed Gonzalez of Slant Magazine gave the character a negative review, calling her another " free-spirited " type in the Barbie-doll tradition, a faux feminist who wants everyone to know that she can do everything the boys can ".