A neo-colonialism critique can include de facto colonialism ( imperialist or hegemonic ), and an economic critique of the disproportionate involvement of modern capitalist business in the economy of a developing country, whereby multinational corporations continue to exploit the natural resources and the people of the former colony ; that such economic control is inherently neo-colonial, and thus is akin to the imperial and hegemonic varieties of colonialism practiced by the empires of Great Britain, France, and other European countries, from the 16th to the 20th centuries.

) Traditional healing, new science or new colonialism ": ( essays in critique of medical anthropology ) ( Conch Magazine, Owerri, 1977 ).

Post-colonial literature addresses the problems and consequences of the de-colonization of a country and of a nation, especially the political and cultural independence of formerly subjugated colonial peoples ; and it also is a literary critique of and about post-colonial literature, the undertones of which carry, communicate, and justify racialism and colonialism.

While maintaining Leon Trotsky's critique of the USSR, the party replaced Trotsky's theory of permanent revolution with the view that socialist revolution in Third World countries ( countries in which, according to Marxist theory, the development of capitalism has been distorted by colonialism and imperialism ) will take place in two connected stages.

The album Enquanto Há Força, released in 1978, again with Fausto, shows some of Zeca's concerns about colonialism and imperialism and is also a critique of the Catholic Church.

Ahmed also concludes that through his rigorous critique and generalizations of women in Egypt along with his zealous praise of European society and colonialism, Amin, in effect, promoted the substitution of Egyptian androcentrism with Western androcentrism, not feminism.

Gluckman combined the British school of structural-functionalism with a Marxist focus on inequality and oppression, creating a critique of colonialism from within structuralism.

The book contains an especially polemical critique of Frederic Jameson's argument in ' Third World Literature in the era of Third World Literature " where Ahmad attacks Jameson on the grounds that Jameson's argument is insufficiently theorized in its use of terms like " Third World " which appears to be defined purely in terms of its experience of colonialism.

His critique on NGOs is found in two essays: " Silences in NGO discourse: The role and future of NGOs in Africa " and " Reflections on NGOs in Tanzania: What we are, what we are not and what we ought to be ".

Their critique covered media coverage in Africa and the developing world in the context of Western intervention, underdevelopment and poverty.

In August 2006, at the International AIDS Conference in Toronto, Stephen Lewis, the United Nations special envoy for AIDS in Africa, closed the conference with a sharp critique of South Africa's government.

* A critique of workerism from an ANC ( South Africa ) internal bulletin in 1986.

He was later to publish a critique of apartheid ( The Dark Eye in Africa, 1955 ), basing many of his insights on his developing interest in psychology.

Glissant's development of the notion of antillanité seeks to root Caribbean identity firmly within " the Other America " and springs from a critique of identity in previous schools of writing, specifically the work of Aimé Césaire, which looked to Africa for its principal source of identification.

His poetry, like that of Okot p ' Bitek and Joseph Buruga, seeks to re-assert the cultural heritage of Africa with a critique of foreign influences in East Africa.

Although zombie cannibals were inspired by Matheson's I Am Legend, film historian Robin Wood sees the flesh-eating scenes of Night of the Living Dead as a late-1960s critique of American capitalism.

The French historian Michel Foucault is widely known for his comprehensive critique of the use and abuse of the mental hospital system in Madness and Civilization.

For example, Andrew Bacevich, a historian of diplomacy at Boston University, has cited Beardian skepticism towards armed overseas intervention as a starting point for a critique of post-Cold-War American foreign policy in his American Empire ( 2004 ).

The bloody outcome prompted the historian to author and make public a piece of social critique, the Neamul Românesc pamphlet Dumnezeu să-i ierte (" God Forgive Them ").

Initially, with Opinions sincères, Iorga offered a historian's manifesto against the whole cultural establishment, likened by historian Ovidiu Pecican with Allan Bloom's 1980s critique of American culture.

Calling Jennings ' critique " vitriolic and unfair ," the historian Robert S. Allen has said that Parkman's history of France and England in North America " remains a rich mixture of history and literature which few contemporary scholars can hope to emulate ".

" However Vincent Canby in The New York Times was more favourable and drew comparisons to " an upscale John Waters satire " and " Jean-Luc Godard's pre-Maoist period " In January 1988 the film was one of several attacked in the Sunday Times by Oxford University historian Norman Stone for their critique of Thatcherite society and values, Stone describing them as " worthless and insulting " and " riddled with left wing bias ".

Another critique can be found in historian Gregory S. Camp's 1997 book Selling Fear: Conspiracy Theories and End-Times Paranoia.

Mommsen sees it as the duty of the historian to constantly critique contemporary society.

In January 1988 the film was one of those attacked for its critique of Thatcherite society by Oxford University historian Norman Stone, which he condemned in the Sunday Times as being " worthless and insulting " and " riddled with left wing bias ".

The controversial cricket historian Rowland Bowen wrote a lengthy critique of Webber's sources in 1961.

It is a humorous political critique, aimed squarely at the then ruling party Partido Revolucionario Institucional ( PRI ) and its paramilitary caciques, at a time when freedom of speech in politics was highly restricted.

This version of " critical " theory derives from Kant's ( 18th-century ) and Marx's ( 19th Century ) use of the term " critique ", as in Kant's Critique of Pure Reason and Marx's concept that his work Das Kapital ( Capital ) forms a " critique of political economy.

Kant's notion of critique has been associated with the disestablishment of false, unprovable, or dogmatic philosophical, social, and political beliefs, because Kant's critique of reason involved the critique of dogmatic theological and metaphysical ideas and was intertwined with the enhancement of ethical autonomy and the Enlightenment critique of superstition and irrational authority.

Dewey's most significant writings were " The Reflex Arc Concept in Psychology " ( 1896 ), a critique of a standard psychological concept and the basis of all his further work ; Democracy and Education ( 1916 ), his celebrated work on progressive education ; Human Nature and Conduct ( 1922 ), a study of the function of habit in human behavior ; The Public and its Problems ( 1927 ), a defense of democracy written in response to Walter Lippmann's The Phantom Public ( 1925 ); Experience and Nature ( 1925 ), Dewey's most " metaphysical " statement ; Art as Experience ( 1934 ), Dewey's major work on aesthetics ; A Common Faith ( 1934 ), a humanistic study of religion originally delivered as the Dwight H. Terry Lectureship at Yale ; Logic: The Theory of Inquiry ( 1938 ), a statement of Dewey's unusual conception of logic ; Freedom and Culture ( 1939 ), a political work examining the roots of fascism ; and Knowing and the Known ( 1949 ), a book written in conjunction with Arthur F. Bentley that systematically outlines the concept of trans-action, which is central to his other works.

Within the space of these tendencies there has developed a coherent critique of " orthodox Marxism " that includes not only a rejection of the concept of " the transition " but a reconceptualization of the process of transcending capitalism that has remarkable similarities to ( Peter ) Kropotkin's thinking on this subject ... Thus one of the earliest political tendencies within which this approach appeared after the Russian revolution of 1917 was that of " Council Communism " which saw the " workers councils " in Germany ( see Bavarian Soviet Republic ), or the soviets in Russia, as new organizational forms constructed by the people.

posit ) of a given political community, society, or nation-state, and thus serves as a standard by which to critique said positive law.

In the USSR, political studies were carried out under the guise of some other disciplines like theory of state and law, area studies, international relations, studies of labor movement, " critique of bourgeois theories " etc.

This includes a strong critique of voting by academic Andile Mngxitama who has said that if Biko were alive today, he would not be supporting any political party, would not even vote, but would be marching with the social movements against government.

In September 2008, Slate published a revisionist article which viewed The Big Lebowski as a political critique.

The university exposed him to Age of Enlightenment ideals, and social and political critique and reform.

Fromm ’ s critique of the modern political order and capitalist system led him to seek insights from medieval feudalism.

In classical political economy and especially in Karl Marx's critique of political economy, a commodity is an object or a good or service (" product " or " activity ") produced by human labour.

" O ' Connell notes in his Boston Review critique of Station Island: " Again and again Heaney pulls back from political purposes ; despite its emblems of savagery, Station Island lends no rhetorical comfort to Republicanism.

Theorists like Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick, Gayle S. Rubin and Marilyn Frye all write extensively about eroticism from a heterosexist, lesbian and separatist point of view, respectively, seeing Eroticism as a both a political force and cultural critique for marginalized groups, or as Mario Vargas Llosa summarized: " Eroticism has its own moral justification because it says that pleasure is enough for me ; it is a statement of the individual's sovereignty ".

Debord starts his 1967 work with a revisited version of the first sentence with which Marx began his critique of classical political economy, Das Kapital.

Long considered part of the repertory of classic “ drawing room ” theatre, the play has also been hailed as a scathing critique of the hypocrisies of Victorian / Edwardian English society and as an expression of Priestley ’ s Socialist political principles.

The struggle between the embattled patriarch Arthur Birling and Inspector Goole has been interpreted by many critics as a symbolic confrontation between capitalism and socialism, and arguably demonstrates Priestley's Socialist political critique of the selfishness and moral hypocrisy of middle-class capitalist society.

Renoir's critique of contemporary politics and ideology celebrates the universal humanity that transcends national and racial boundaries and radical nationalism, suggesting that mankind's common experiences should prevail above political division, and its extension: war.

The translation of the myth of Myrrha as it appeared in Ovid's Metamorphoses is suggested as being a critique of the political settlement that followed the Glorious Revolution.