The mystical psychiatrist Richard Maurice Bucke distinguished between three types of consciousness: Simple Consciousness, awareness of the body, possessed by many animals ; Self Consciousness, awareness of being aware, possessed only by humans ; and Cosmic Consciousness, awareness of the life and order of the universe, possessed only by humans who are enlightened.

It is described as a ' superorganism ', where all things, both living and inanimate, participate in a larger, group consciousness, while still retaining any individual awareness they might have, such as among the Gaian humans.

He and other Scottish Enlightenment thinkers developed what he called a ' science of man ', which was expressed historically in works by authors including James Burnett, Adam Ferguson, John Millar and William Robertson, all of whom merged a scientific study of how humans behave in ancient and primitive cultures with a strong awareness of the determining forces of modernity.

Already in Aristotle there was an awareness that the polis had not always existed and had needed to be invented or developed by humans themselves.

Traveling to Gaia, they discover that it is a ' superorganism ', where all things, both living and inanimate, participate in a larger, group consciousness, while still retaining any individual awareness they might have, such as among the Gaian humans.

Scottish Enlightenment thinkers developed what Hume called a ' science of man ' which was expressed historically in works by such as James Burnett, Adam Ferguson, John Millar and William Robertson, all of whom merged a scientific study of how humans behave in ancient and primitive cultures with a strong awareness of the determining forces of modernity.

In the series, the most essential and valuable commodity in the universe is melange, a geriatric drug that gives the user a longer life span, greater vitality, and heightened awareness ; it can also unlock prescience in some humans, depending upon the dosage and the consumer's physiology.

Systematic concern for animal welfare can be based on awareness that non-human animals are sentient and that consideration should be given to their well-being, especially when they are used by humans.

Hence, the awareness of vice and virtue is inherent in the soul, allowing it to be tested fairly in the life of this world and tried, held accountable on the day of judgment for responsibilities to God and all humans.

However, Qing-jao compares Jane to the servants in Path's caste system, merely a computer program designed to serve humans, containing neither autonomy nor awareness.

In the 1960s and 70 ’ s the increasing awareness of how humans manage the landscape and its consequences set the stage for the necessary cross between agronomy and ecology.

The humans ( Adam and Eve ) had been given gifts that they could not use due to their initial innocence (" A child is happy because he is unaware "), and the game's Adam and Eve are portrayed as having had only rudimentary knowledge and awareness, solely concerned with their survival.

The opposing effects caused by a tilt of the head, causing differential sensory inputs from the hair cell bundles allow humans to tell which way the head is tilting, Sensory information is then sent to the brain, which can respond with appropriate corrective actions to the nervous and muscular systems to ensure that balance and awareness are maintained.

One of the intended outcomes of Rosenberg's model is to support humans in developing an awareness of what life-sustaining needs are arising within them and others moment by moment so that they may more effectively and compassionately find strategies to meet their own needs as well as contribute to meeting the needs of others.

He has devised neuromodels of the visual system in primates, visuo-verbal system in humans, the effect of anaesthetics on awareness, and artificial consciousness.

Projective tests have their origins in psychoanalytic psychology, which argues that humans have conscious and unconscious attitudes and motivations that are beyond or hidden from conscious awareness.

Damage to the Primary Auditory Cortex in humans leads to a loss of any awareness of sound, but an ability to react reflexively to sounds remains as there is a great deal of subcortical processing in the auditory brainstem and midbrain.

The most viable interventions include: prevention of water contamination both by raising public awareness of the dangers of defecating in recreational bodies of water and by implementation of basic sanitation measures ; screening and successful treatment of people infected with the parasite ; and prevention of infection of humans via consumption of raw, infected fish.

The British Heart Foundation ( or BHF ) is a charity organisation in Britain that funds research, education, care and awareness campaigns aimed to prevent heart diseases in humans.

Even if one ignores exceptions caused by some kind of injury or illness, there are many unclear cases, including the fact that " normal " humans can crawl on hands and knees.

Descartes, for example, has sometimes been blamed for mistreatment of animals due to the fact that he believed only humans have a non-physical mind.

The importance of 12 has been attributed to the number of lunar cycles in a year, and also to the fact that humans have 12 finger bones ( phalanges ) on one hand ( three on each of four fingers ).

Evidence against the hypothesis is the fact that humans appear to have eliminated the megafauna of Tasmania without using fire to modify the environment there.

Much encyclopaedism of the French Renaissance was based upon the notion of not including every fact known to humans, but only that knowledge that was necessary, where necessity was judged by a wide variety of criteria, leading to works of greatly varying sizes.

Here it is also clear that since humans can choose to be either cruel or good, they are, in fact, neither of these things essentially.

The nature of interaction between early humans and these sister species has been a long standing source of controversy, the question being whether humans replaced these earlier species or whether they were in fact similar enough to interbreed, in which case these earlier populations may have contributed genetic material to modern humans.

Many plants bearing edible fruits, in particular, have propagated with the movements of humans and animals in a symbiotic relationship as a means for seed dispersal and nutrition, respectively ; in fact, humans and many animals have become dependent on fruits as a source of food.

This principle relies on the fact that substances which can do harm to humans are usually more reactive than air.

This has been said to be due to the fact that researchers in the past, such as Lamarck, viewed vertebrates as a " standard ": in Lamarck's theory of evolution, he believed that characteristics acquired through the evolutionary process involved not only survival, but also progression toward a " higher form ", to which humans and vertebrates were closer than invertebrates were.

Contrary to what his many detractors have claimed, Rousseau never suggests that humans in the state of nature act morally ; in fact, terms such as " justice " or " wickedness " are inapplicable to prepolitical society as Rousseau understands it.

The view that the drive to language acquisition is innate in humans is supported by the fact that all cognitively normal children raised in an environment where language is accessible will acquire language without formal instruction.

This definition stresses the social functions of language and the fact that humans use it to express themselves and to manipulate objects in their environment.

Luthor is unable to cope with the fact that not only was his greatest enemy raised by humans, but he also had a father he would actually mourn, compared to the anguish Luthor endured in his own relationship with his father.

Humans are an exception in the natural world for consuming milk past infancy, despite the fact that many humans show some degree ( some as little as 5 %) of lactose intolerance, a characteristic that is more prevalent among individuals of African or Asian descent.

This, coupled with the fact that they are indigenous to some of the more densely populated places on Earth, has caused significant conflicts with humans.

Ultrasound is thus not separated from " normal " ( audible ) sound based on differences in physical properties, only the fact that humans cannot hear it.

In 1541, while in Bologna, Vesalius uncovered the fact that all of Galen's research had been based upon animal anatomy rather than the human ; since dissection had been banned in ancient Rome, Galen had dissected Barbary Apes instead, and argued that they would be anatomically similar to humans.

The article focused on the fact that it was the first weapon specifically intended to kill humans with radiation.

With an approximate age of 46, 000 years, the remains consist of a pair of fragmented human jaws, but it is disputed whether these early humans were in fact Homo Sapiens or Neanderthals.

Either way, Miller's view is in accordance with the fact that as humans, we are creatures of habit that tightly hold on to a certain " stock of knowledge " ( Miller 157 ).

Despite the fact that this event took place in the series Star Trek: Enterprise, before the formation of both the Federation and the Prime Directive, it reflects the views of space-faring humans and their allies in the years leading up to the creation of the Federation ( ENT episode " Dear Doctor ").