The enormous changes in world politics have, however, thrown it into confusion, so much so that it is safe to say that all international law is now in need of reexamination and clarification in light of the social conditions of the present era.

In the light of the facts at hand, however, New York Central intends to pursue the objective of helping to create a healthy two-system eastern railroad structure in the public interest ''.

He was not prosecuted, however, and his case was subsequently reopened, in the light of Sicurella v. United States, 348 U.S. 385 ( 1955 ).

There are rather strict selection rules as to the electronic configurations that can be reached by excitation by light — however there are no such rules for excitation by collision processes.

It is important, however, to remember that the Sheridan was not developed as an assault gun, but as a light reconnaissance vehicle.

This picture, however, is undergoing revision in light of emerging novel roles for RNA.

Some official bodies have adopted the proposed Sibley-Ahlquist taxonomy almost entirely, however a more common approach worldwide has been to retain the traditional groupings, and modify rather than replace them in the light of new evidence as it comes to hand.

By 1943 however, large numbers of fleet and light carriers became available, which required larger formations of three or four carriers.

Light-colored dachshunds can sport amber, light brown, or green eyes ; however, kennel club standards state that the darker the eye color, the better.

He, however, attributed it to either absorption of light within the galaxy or modified dynamics in the outer portions of the spiral and not to any form of missing matter.

In actuality, however, the pattern changes to one with a series of light and dark bands ( See the bottom photograph to the right.

It is not too difficult to experimentally observe non-uniform deposition of energy when light is absorbed, however this alone is not evidence of " particulate " behavior of light.

The interference, however, is seen only when the surfaces are at distances comparable to or smaller than the light's coherence length, which for ordinary white light is few micrometers ; it can be much larger for light from a laser.

It should be noted however that even much more sensitive radio telescopes than the currently available on Earth would not be able to detect non-directional radio signals even at a fraction of a light year, so it's questionable whether any such signals could be detected by an extraterrestrial civilization.

This would put it far outside our Milky Way galaxy, which is about a hundred thousand light years in diameter, and indeed outside the Local Group and even the Virgo Supercluster ; however, at this distance it would still be within the Pisces-Cetus Supercluster Complex.

According to the modern scholar Pat Southern, however, some historians now see him in a more positive light.

The latter hypothesis seems the more plausible evolution determinant as the surface area of the head is minute compared to the remainder of the body, thus the energy required in producing long hair for the express purpose of " optical " amplification of UV light reflected from the snow seems counterproductive ( however, it's very likely that the trait was sustained due to a nuanced combination of multiple influences, given that human hunting-skills and ingenuity were such by 50, 000 years ago that said benefits in terms of ' comfort ' could have alternatively been derived from constructing head and ear warmers of fur from prey, etc .).

The financial crisis brought to light serious weaknesses in the process of dispute resolution, however, particularly in the area of private infrastructure projects.

In the scientific domain C, however, the analysis of B reveals that the stars are thousands of light years away, the sun is eight light minutes away, and the moon is about a light second away.

Spark-ignition two-strokes are small and light for their power output and mechanically very simple ; however, they are also generally less efficient and more polluting than their four-stroke counterparts.

The light at the image plane, however, fills a larger solid angle so the luminance comes out to be the same assuming there is no loss at the lens.

But it strikes sparks on occasion and their light causes all else to be forgotten.

White light-emitting diodes ( LEDs ) became available in the mid-1990s as LED lamps, in which blue light emitted from the semiconductor strikes phosphors deposited on the tiny chip.

When light strikes a material, most of the light is absorbed while a smaller amount of a particular frequency or wavelength is reflected.

In addition, amateur rules often allow less experienced competitors to use light or semi-contact rules, where the intention is to score points by executing successful strikes past the opponent's guard, and use of force is regulated.

* Backfist usually from the front hand, reverse-back fist and spinning back-fist both usually from the back hand – are strikes to the head, raising the arm and bending the arm at the elbow and then straightening the arm quickly to strike to the side of the head with the rear of the knuckles, common in “ light contact ”.

Full-contact sparring or competition, where strikes are not pulled but thrown with full force as the name implies, has a number of tactical differences from light and medium-contact sparring.

CRTs by comparison create a momentary burst of light each time the electron beam strikes a particular point on the CRT.

As an example, suppose that light in the orange range of wavelengths ( approximately 577 nm to 597 nm ) enters the eye and strikes the retina.

There may be two kinds of competition sparring: point, which all strikes are light contact, and the clock is stopped when a point is scored ; and Olympic, where all strikes are full contact and the clock continues when points are scored.

Total internal reflection is an optical phenomenon that happens when a ray of light strikes a medium boundary at an angle larger than a particular critical angle with respect to the normal to the surface.

X-ray crystallography is a method of determining the arrangement of atoms within a crystal, in which a beam of X-rays strikes a crystal and causes the beam of light to spread into many specific directions.

* December 5 – The British light cruiser HMS Cassandra strikes a mine and sinks in the Gulf of Finland while aiding Estonia against the Bolsheviks, with eleven sailors killed.

alt = A meteor strikes the bottom left, while the Milky Way arcs overhead and a dawn-like light lines the lower horizon.

To cause excitation, the light that strikes the semiconductor must have enough energy to raise electrons across the band gap, or to excite the impurities within the band gap.

Poplar today is looked at in the light of the past, the importance of the labour movement in the beginning of the century, highlighted by the great strikes and events of 1921 when the Poplar Council went to prison.

Faced with diplomatic pressure after UN Security Council Resolution 825 and the threat of American military air strikes against the reactor, North Korea agreed to dismantle its plutonium program as part of the Agreed Framework in which South Korea and the United States would provide North Korea with light water reactors and fuel oil until those reactors could be completed.

When the UV photon strikes a phosphor molecule, it momentarily raises the energy level of an outer orbit electron in the phosphor molecule, moving the electron from a stable to an unstable state ; the electron then sheds the excess energy as a photon at a lower energy level than UV light ; the lower energy photons are mostly in the infrared range but about 40 % are in the visible light range.

Since the times of World War I and into the interbellum, other classes of aircraft, light bombers, medium bombers, dive bombers, reconnaissance, fighters, fighter-bombers, could and did perform air strikes in the battlefield environment.

When light strikes a charged photocathode plate, electrons are emitted through a vacuum tube that strike the microchannel plate that cause the image screen to illuminate with a picture in the same pattern as the light that strikes the photocathode, and is on a frequency that the human eye can see.

One likely chain of development is that the eyes originated as simple patches of photoreceptor cells that could detect the presence or absence of light, but not its direction.

Behe maintains that the complexity of light sensitivity at the molecular level and the minute biochemical reactions required for those first “ simple patches of photoreceptor ” still defies explanation.

For example, photoreceptor cells in the retina constantly release the neurotransmitter glutamate in the absence of light.

The normal three kinds of light-sensitive photoreceptor cells in the human eye ( cone cells ) respond most to yellow ( long wavelength or L ), green ( medium or M ), and violet ( short or S ) light ( peak wavelengths near 570 nm, 540 nm and 440 nm, respectively ).

The only neurons that are directly sensitive to light are the photoreceptor cells.

Most organisms are bathed in relatively high-intensity light that ought to swamp any signaling effect, although biophoton signaling might manifest through temporal patterns of distinct wavelengths or could mainly be used in deep tissues hidden from daylight ( such as the human brain, which contains photoreceptor proteins ).

Dopamine, a major metabolite of levodopa, releases in response to light, and helps establish circadian clocks that drive daily rhythms of protein phosphorylation in photoreceptor cells.

Many starfish also possess individual photoreceptor cells across their bodies and are able to respond to light even when their eyespots are covered.

Rhodopsin, also known as visual purple, is a biological pigment in photoreceptor cells of the retina that is responsible for the first events in the perception of light.

Some species have at least 16 different photoreceptor types, which are divided into four classes ( their spectral sensitivity is further tuned by colour filters in the retinas ), 12 of them for colour analysis in the different wavelengths ( including four which are sensitive to ultraviolet light ) and four of them for analysing polarised light.

) An opsin absorbs a photon ( a particle of light ) and transmits a signal to the cell through a signal transduction pathway, resulting in hyperpolarization of the photoreceptor.

The lenses work by filtering and focusing light on an underlying photoreceptor system.

This explains why colors cannot be seen at low light levels: only one type of photoreceptor cell is active.

So, for example, an L cone cell contains a photoreceptor protein that more readily absorbs long wavelengths of light ( i. e., more " red ").

Finally, closest to the brain ( and farthest from the field of view ) is the outer segment, the part of the photoreceptor that absorbs light.

The function of the photoreceptor cell is to convert the light energy of the photon into a form of energy communicable to the nervous system and readily usable to the organism: This conversion is called signal transduction.

Normalized human photoreceptor absorbances for different wavelengths of light

When light hits a photoreceptive pigment within the photoreceptor cell, the pigment changes shape.

Thus, a rod or cone photoreceptor actually releases less neurotransmitter when stimulated by light.

Rod cells, or rods, are photoreceptor cells in the retina of the eye that can function in less intense light than can the other type of visual photoreceptor, cone cells.

When light hits photoreceptive pigments within the photoreceptor cell, the pigment changes shape.

Cone cells, or cones, are photoreceptor cells in the retina of the eye that are responsible for color vision ; they function best in relatively bright light, as opposed to rod cells that work better in dim light.