The Germanic peoples ( also called Teutonic or Gothic in older literature ) are an Indo-European ethno-linguistic group of Northern European origin, identified by their use of the Germanic languages which diversified out of Proto-Germanic during the Pre-Roman Iron Age.

Gothic fiction, sometimes referred to as Gothic horror, is a genre or mode of literature that combines elements of both horror and romance.

Bleak House in particular is credited with seeing the introduction of urban fog to the novel, which would become a frequent characteristic of urban Gothic literature and film ( Mighall 2007 ).

Gothic literature is intimately associated with the Gothic Revival architecture of the same era.

Its imagery and cultural proclivities indicate influences from the 19th century Gothic literature along with horror films and to a lesser extent the BDSM culture.

By the mid-18th century, however, the advent of Gothic literature brought psychological and mystical readings, returning madness and the Ghost to the forefront.

* Horror and terror, two techniques in Gothic literature and film

The imagery of Halloween is derived from many sources, including national customs, works of Gothic and horror literature ( such as the novels Frankenstein and Dracula ) and classic horror films ( such as Frankenstein and The Mummy ).

Even Grimm himself did not at first intend to include all the languages in his Grammar, but he soon found that Old High German postulated Gothic, and that the later stages of German could not be understood without the help of other West Germanic varieties including English, and that the rich literature of Scandinavia could not be ignored either.

John Thorpe, who knows little about literature, tells Catherine that he likes The Monk ( an over-the-top tale of lurid Gothic horror ):

In discussions featuring Isabella, the Thorpe sisters, Eleanor, and Henry, and by Catherine perusing the library of the General, and her mother's books on instructions on behaviours, the reader gains further insights into Austen's various perspectives on novels in contrast with other popular literature of the time ( especially the Gothic novel ).

There can be no doubt that the term ' Gothic ' as applied to pointed styles of ecclesiastical architecture was used at first contemptuously, and in derision, by those who were ambitious to imitate and revive the Grecian orders of architecture, after the revival of classical literature.

* Horror and terror, literary and psychological concepts, especially as applied to Gothic literature

These characters have appeared in literary fiction – including penny dreadfuls, pulp comics, Victorian, Romanticism and Renaissance literature, steampunk, Gothic novels, fairy tales, mythology and folklore – as well as in film, television programs, comic book series and graphic novels, radio shows, and even video games.

The Gothic period, which generally saw an increase in the production of these beautiful artifacts, also saw more secular works such as chronicles and works of literature illuminated.

Early costumes emphasized the pagan and Gothic nature of the holiday, but by the 1930s costumes based on characters in mass media such as film, literature, and radio were popular.

The series draws heavily on Gothic and Regency literature.

Gormenghast is frequently referred to as a personality by its inhabitants and may be the only true example of Gothic Expressionism in English literature.

Critical reaction to the album was often mixed ; for example, Rolling Stones Billy Altman concluded that it did not completely accurately reproduce Poe's tension and macabre fear, ending by claiming that " devotees of Gothic literature will have to wait for someone with more of the macabre in their blood for a truer musical reading of Poe's often terrifying works ".

He writes in the Southern Gothic aesthetic in his distinctly Faulknerian 1965 debut, The Orchard Keeper, and Suttree ( 1979 ); in the Epic Western tradition, with grotesquely drawn characters and symbolic narrative turns reminiscent of Melville, in Blood Meridian ( 1985 ), which Harold Bloom styled " the greatest single book since Faulkner ’ s As I Lay Dying ," calling the character of Judge Holden " short of Moby Dick, the most monstrous apparition in all of American literature "; in a much more pastoral tone in his celebrated Border Trilogy ( 1992 – 98 ) of bildungsromans, including All the Pretty Horses ( 1992 ), winner of the National Book Award ; and in the post-apocalyptic genre in the Pulitzer Prize-winning The Road ( 2007 ).

Further contemporary imagery of Halloween is derived from Gothic and Horror literature ( notably Shelley's Frankenstein and Stoker's Dracula ), and classic horror films ( such as Hammer Horrors ).

Webster's major plays, The White Devil and The Duchess of Malfi, are macabre, disturbing works that seem to prefigure the Gothic literature of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries.

Even in its present form, however, the first part of Malraux's unrecoverable novel is among the greatest works of mid-twentieth century literature ; ;

The historic roots of Algerian literature goes back to the Numidian era, when Apuleius wrote The Golden Ass, the only Latin novel to survive in its entirety.

As a first step, Algerian literature was marked by works whose main concern was the assertion of the Algerian national entity, there is the publication of novels as the Algerian trilogy of Mohammed Dib, or even Nedjma of Kateb Yacine novel which is often regarded as a monumental and major work.

Disraeli turned towards literature after his financial disaster, motivated in part by a desperate need for money, and brought out his first novel, Vivian Grey, in 1826.

In literature, Claudius and his contemporaries appear in the historical novel The Roman by Mika Waltari.

By the 20th century the novel had come to occupy a canonical space as one of the foundations of modern literature.

30 July 1818 – 19 December 1848 ) was an English novelist and poet, best remembered for her solitary novel, Wuthering Heights, now considered a classic of English literature.

Bradbury has stated that the novel is not about censorship, but a story about how television destroys interest in reading literature, which leads to a perception of knowledge as being composed of factoids, partial information devoid of context.

Fenrir appears in modern literature in the poem " Om Fenrisulven og Tyr " ( 1819 ) by Adam Gottlob Oehlenschläger ( collected in Nordens Guder ), the novel Der Fenriswolf by K. H. Strobl, and Til kamp mod dødbideriet ( 1974 ) by E. K. Reich and E. Larsen.

He was also among the founders of The Science School Journal, a school magazine which allowed him to express his views on literature and society, as well as trying his hand at fiction: the first version of his novel The Time Machine was published in the journal under the title, The Chronic Argonauts.

The Underground has also featured in music such as The Jam's " Down in the Tube Station at Midnight " and in literature such as the graphic novel V for Vendetta.

Foster further asserts 1928 was a " peak year " for lesbian-themed literature ; in addition to The Well of Loneliness, three other novels with lesbian themes were published in England: Elizabeth Bowen's The Hotel, Woolf's Orlando, and Compton MacKenzie's satirical novel Extraordinary Women.

" The Russian Formalist writer Viktor Shklovsky regarded Tristram Shandy as the archetypal, quintessential novel, of which all other novels are mere subsets: " Tristram Shandy is the most typical novel of world literature.

From at least the Yuan dynasty, plays that recounted the subversive tales of China's Robin Hoods to the Ming dynasty novels such as Water Margin, on down to the Qing dynasty novel Dream of the Red Chamber and beyond, there developed a literature in written vernacular Chinese ( 白話 / 白话 ; báihuà ).

Thus, in the first twenty years of the 20th century many writers, thinkers, and artists broke with the traditional means of organizing literature, painting, and music ; the results were abstract art, atonal music, and the stream of consciousness technique in the novel.

The Prague Spring inspired music and literature such as the work of Václav Havel, Karel Husa, Karel Kryl, and Milan Kundera's novel The Unbearable Lightness of Being.

Ringworld is a 1970 science fiction novel by Larry Niven, set in his Known Space universe and considered a classic of science fiction literature.

Marjorie Bowen's 1929 novel Dickon set the trend for pro-Ricardian literature.

Rural flight from the Great Plains has been depicted in literature, such as John Steinbeck's novel The Grapes of Wrath ( 1939 ), in which a family from the Great Plains migrates to California during the Dust Bowl period of the 1930s.

Spy fiction, literature concerning the forms of espionage, was a sub-genre derived from the novel during the nineteenth century, which then evolved into a discrete genre before the First World War ( 1914 – 18 ), when governments established modern intelligence agencies in the early twentieth century.

* Naked Came the Stranger: a 1969 novel by a group of American journalists attempting to satisfy, and thus expose, what they perceived as degraded standards in popular American literature ; it succeeded, selling about 90, 000 copies before the hoax was revealed.