In logic, the time that an algorithm requires to complete cannot be measured, as it is not apparently related with our customary physical dimension.

For Husserl this is not the case: mathematics ( with the exception of geometry ) is the ontological correlate of logic, and while both fields are related, neither one is strictly reducible to the other.

Since mathematics is related to logic, he cites an example from mathematics: If we have a formula like ( a + b )( a-b )= a²-b² it does not tell us how to think mathematically.

Hegelian historicism is related to his ideas on the means by which human societies progress, specifically the dialectic and his conception of logic as reflecting the inner essential nature of reality.

A related objection is that " negation " in paraconsistent logic is not really negation ; it is merely a subcontrary-forming operator.

There are outside ( although sometimes related to ) linguistics types of semantics like cultural semantics and computational semantics, as the latest is not related to computational lexicology but to mathematical logic.

The principle of bivalence is related to the law of excluded middle though the latter is a syntactic expression of the language of a logic of the form " P ∨ ¬ P ".

Such puzzles as the Sorites paradox and the related continuum fallacy have raised doubt as to the applicability of classical logic and the principle of bivalence to concepts that may be vague in their application.

Computability theory is closely related to the branch of mathematical logic called recursion theory, which removes the restriction of studying only models of computation which are reducible to the Turing model.

Possible world theory is related to alethic logic: a proposition is necessary if it is true in all possible worlds, and possible if it is true in at least one.

Since the 1960s Kripke has been a central figure in a number of fields related to mathematical logic, philosophy of language, philosophy of mathematics, metaphysics, epistemology, and set theory.

The proposed definitions are well related with fuzzy logic.

In logic and proof theory, natural deduction is a kind of proof calculus in which logical reasoning is expressed by inference rules closely related to the " natural " way of reasoning.

This research area and its name originated in the 1936 paper by Garrett Birkhoff and John von Neumann, who attempted to reconcile some of the apparent inconsistencies of classical boolean logic with the facts related to measurement and observation in quantum mechanics.

Complex situations may require logic to be more non-monotonic than not raising concerns related to the qualification, frame, and ramification problems.

Typically the ladder logic languages from two manufacturers will not be completely compatible ; ladder logic is better thought of as a set of closely related programming languages rather than one language.

Unlike conventional logic gate diagrams in which inputs and outputs hold the binary values of TRUE ( 1 ) or FALSE ( 0 ), the gates in a fault tree output probabilities related to the set operations of Boolean logic.

Mathematical induction is not the same as induction in logic, although the general concept is related.

Another related standard is OCL, which describes a formal language that can be used to define model constraints in terms of predicate logic.

It is an interdisciplinary science derived from and related to such fields as mathematics, logic, linguistics, psychology, computer technology, operations research, the graphic arts, communications, library science, management, and other similar fields.

It uses dream logic in narrative flow that can be described in terms of then-popular Freudian free association, presenting a series of tenuously related scenes.

Consider the traditional `` four fields '' of philosophy: logic, ethics, epistemology and esthetics.

He had made advances in the areas of analysis, foundations and logic, made many contributions to the teaching of calculus and also contributed to the fields of differential equations and vector analysis.

In linguistics, logic, philosophy, and other fields, an intension is any property or quality connoted by a word, phrase, or another symbol.

It meant that European ( and North American and Japanese ) capitalists were forced by the internal logic of their competitive system to seek abroad in less developed countries opportunities to control raw material, to find markets, and to find profitable fields of investment.

Mathematicians do research in fields such as logic, set theory, category theory, abstract algebra, number theory, analysis, geometry, topology, dynamical systems, combinatorics, game theory, information theory, numerical analysis, optimization, computation, probability and statistics.

Another aspect of mathematics, often referred to as " foundational mathematics ", consists of the fields of logic and set theory.

Mathematical logic is often divided into the fields of set theory, model theory, recursion theory, and proof theory.

The border lines between these fields, and the lines between mathematical logic and other fields of mathematics, are not always sharp.

In mathematics, model theory is the study of ( classes of ) mathematical structures ( e. g. groups, fields, graphs, universes of set theory ) using tools from mathematical logic.

In it, Wittgenstein discusses numerous problems and puzzles in the fields of semantics, logic, philosophy of mathematics, philosophy of psychology, philosophy of action, and the philosophy of mind.

Human language and discourse, communication, philosophy, science, logic, mathematics, poetry, theology, and religion are only some of fields of human study and activity where grasping the nature of signs and symbols and patterns of signification may have a decisive value.

Theories in various fields of study are expressed in natural language, but are always constructed in such a way that their general form is identical to a theory as it is expressed in the formal language of mathematical logic.

His work was in the fields of differential equations and algebraic logic, and he is now best known as the author of The Laws of Thought.

Fuzzy logic has been applied to many fields, from control theory to artificial intelligence.

Additionally, octonions have applications in fields such as string theory, special relativity, and quantum logic.

There has been considerable debate about what this term means within the academic community, particularly within fields such as philosophy, law, deontology, logic, and political science.

") Today, the main fields of philosophy are logic, ethics, metaphysics, and epistemology.

This extension is sometimes called " fuzzy logic in the narrow sense " as opposed to " fuzzy logic in the wider sense ," which originated in the engineering fields of automated control and knowledge engineering, and which encompasses many topics involving fuzzy sets and " approximated reasoning.

* Nikola Tesla was famous for developing the AC motor, the bifilar coil, various devices that used rotating magnetic fields, the alternating current polyphase power distribution systems, the fundamental devices of systems of wireless communication ( legal priority for the invention of radio ), radio frequency oscillators, devices for voltage magnification by standing waves, robotics, logic gates for secure radio frequency communications, devices for x-rays, apparatus for ozone generation, devices for ionized gases, devices for high field emission, devices for charged particle beams, methods for providing extremely low level of resistance to the passage of electrical current, means for increasing the intensity of electrical oscillations, voltage multiplication circuitry, devices for high voltage discharges, devices for lightning protection and VTOL aircraft.

Andrey Nikolaevich Kolmogorov () ( 25 April 1903 – 20 October 1987 ) was a Soviet mathematician, preeminent in the 20th century, who advanced various scientific fields, among them probability theory, topology, intuitionistic logic, turbulence, classical mechanics and computational complexity.