The people hardest hit by this suspicion are, of course, Christians on the mainland of China.

* Ailanthus altissima ( Tree of Heaven ) – northern and central mainland China, Taiwan, arguably the best known species.

After the communists took over mainland China, the Diocese of Hong Kong and Macao became independent of the Chung Hua Sheng Kung Hui, and continued to use the edition issued in Shanghai in 1938 with a revision in 1959.

The Chinese Communists were able to fight their way from the north and northeast, and virtually all of mainland China was taken by the end of 1949.

Though the United States refused to aide Chiang Kai-shek in his hope to " recover the mainland ," it continued supporting the Republic of China with military supplies and expertise to prevent Taiwan from falling into PRC hands.

** Han Chinese, the dominant ethnic group in mainland China, Taiwan and Singapore

** Overseas Chinese, people of Chinese ancestry who live outside mainland China and Taiwan

When Chiang was defeated by CPC forces in mainland China in 1949, he retreated to Taiwan with his government and his most disciplined troops, along with most of the KMT leadership and a large number of their supporters ; Chiang Kai-shek had taken effective control of Taiwan at the end of WWII as part of the overall Japanese surrender, when Japanese troops in Taiwan surrendered to Republic of China troops.

The Communist Party of China was left in control of mainland China.

Cultures and countries strongly influenced by Confucianism include mainland China, Taiwan, Korea, Japan and Vietnam, as well as various territories settled predominantly by Chinese people, such as Singapore.

This tradition was interrupted for several decades in mainland China, where the official stance of the Communist Party and the State was that Confucius and Confucianism represented reactionary feudalist beliefs which held that the subservience of the people to the aristocracy is a part of the natural order.

Te-cheng's sister, Kong Demao, lives in mainland China and has written a book about her experiences growing up at the family estate in Qufu.

In mainland China, wubi ( shape-based ) and pinyin methods such as Sogou Pinyin and Google Pinyin are the most popular ; in Taiwan, Boshiamy, Cangjie, and zhuyin predominate ; and in Hong Kong, Cangjie is most often taught in schools.

Phonetic methods are based on standard pinyin, Zhuyin, and Jyutping in mainland China, Taiwan, and Hong Kong, respectively.

For example, the CCTV New Year's Gala usually promotes couplets reflecting current political themes in mainland China.

After evacuating to Taiwan, Chiang's government continued to declare its intention to retake mainland China.

In 1944, the USAF commenced Operation Matterhorn in order to bomb Japan's steel industry from bases to be constructed in mainland China.

The object of Li's strategy was to maintain a foothold on the Chinese mainland in the hope that the United States would eventually be compelled to enter the war in China on the Nationalist side.

In the early morning of December 10, 1949, Communist troops laid siege to Chengdu, the last KMT controlled city in mainland China, where Chiang Kai-shek and his son Chiang Ching-kuo directed the defense at the Chengdu Central Military Academy.

During his presidency in Taiwan, Chiang continued to prepare to take back mainland China.

He also financed armed groups in mainland China, such as Muslim soldiers of the ROC Army left in Yunnan under Li Mi, to continue to fight.

Despite the democratic constitution, the government under Chiang was a one-party state, consisting almost completely of mainlanders ; the " Temporary Provisions Effective During the Period of Communist Rebellion " greatly enhanced executive powers, and the goal of retaking mainland China allowed the KMT to maintain a monopoly on power and the prohibition of opposition parties.

Believing that corruption and a lack of morals were key reasons that the KMT lost mainland China to the Communists, Chiang attempted to purge corruption by dismissing members of the KMT accused of graft.

Admiral Chester Nimitz favored a more direct strategy of bypassing the Philippines, but seizing Okinawa and Taiwan as staging areas to an attack on the Chinese mainland, followed by the future invasion of Japan's southernmost islands.

Major combat in the Chinese Civil War ended in 1949 with Kuomintang ( KMT ) pulling out of the mainland, with the government relocating to Taipei and maintaining control only over a few islands.

Not surprisingly, the Chinese Communists always rejected the use of this name and it is not well known in mainland China.

* 1949 – Chinese Civil War: The People's Liberation Army begins its siege of Chengdu, the last Kuomintang-held city in mainland China, forcing President of the Republic of China Chiang Kai-shek and his government to retreat to Taiwan.

In late August, 1552, the Santa Cruz reached the Chinese island of Shangchuan, 14 km away from the southern coast of mainland China, near Taishan, Guangdong, 200 km south-west of what later became Hong Kong.

However, Hong Kong registered vehicles may apply for secondary mainland Chinese registration plates, and these can be driven across the border to mainland China ; likewise, left-hand drive cars seen in Hong Kong are usually primarily registered in mainland China and carry supplementary Hong Kong registration plates.

Hong Kong permanent residents and mainland Chinese need a passport-like document ( the " Home Return Permit " for Hong Kong permanent residents and the Two-way Permit for Mainland Chinese ) to cross the Sino-Hong Kong border.

Initially the party of the Malaysian Chinese Association was pro-ROC and mainly consisted of Kuomintang members who joined as an alternative and were also in opposition to the Malayan Communist Party, supporting the Kuomintang in China by funding them with the intention of reclaiming the Chinese mainland from the communists.

The Chinese Muslim Association was also sponsored by the Kuomintang, and it evacuated from the mainland to Taiwan with the party.

Chinese speakers refer to the modern standard language as Pǔtōnghuà 普通话 ( on the mainland ), Guóyǔ 國語 ( in Taiwan ) or Huáyǔ 华语 ( in Malaysia and Singapore ), but not as Guānhuà.

" This practice was later adopted in the late 19th century by the British mainland, inspired by " Chinese mandarin system.

The building is marked by its high level of light transparency, as all 3500 workers have a view to Victoria Peak or Hong Kong bay and the Chinese mainland.

By the end of August 2006, statistics from the Ministry of Information Industry showed that there were more than 437 million mobile phone users in the Chinese mainland, or 327 mobile phones per 1, 000 population.

The total number of planes of all mainland Chinese carriers combined will be near 1, 580 by 2010, up from 863 in 2006.

The twenty seven airlines in the Chinese mainland handled 138 million passengers, and 22. 17 million tons of cargo in 2005.

Democratic, Democratic Labour, and Radical were all mentioned as possible names for the new party, as well as New Labour ( which future Labour leader Tony Blair would use to promote the Labour Party more than a decade later ) but eventually Social Democratic was settled on because the ' Gang of Four ' consciously wanted to mould the philosophy and ideology of the new party on the Social Democracy practised on mainland Europe.

Funakoshi changed the names of many kata and the name of the art itself ( at least on mainland Japan ), doing so to get karate accepted by the Japanese budō organization Dai Nippon Butoku Kai.

Some Linear B tablets had been discovered on the Greek mainland, and there was reason to believe that some of the chains of symbols he had encountered on the Cretan tablets were names.

An accompanying book, Cosmographiae Introductio, anonymous but apparently written by Waldseemüller's collaborator Matthias Ringmann, states, " I do not see what right any one would have to object to calling this part is, the South American mainland, after Americus who discovered it and who is a man of intelligence, Amerigen, that is, the Land of Americus, or America: since both Europa and Asia got their names from women ".

It was chosen to replace the mainland city of Bata as the capital of the country in 1969, and was renamed Malabo in 1973 as part of President Francisco Macías Nguema's campaign to replace European place names with " authentic " African ones.

Chinese people interacting with others who do not know characters romanize their names in a variety of ways, although Hanyu Pinyin is now the standard in both mainland China and Taiwan.

However, unlike in mainland China where personal names may only be registered using simplified characters, parents have the option of registering their children's names in traditional characters in Singapore.

Hartog gave the Australian mainland one of its earliest known names, as Eendrachtsland, which he named after his ship Eendracht, meaning " Unity ".

* 1642: Abel Tasman, of the Dutch East India Company, becomes first European to sight Tasmanian mainland ; he names it Van Diemen's Land after fellow Dutch East Indies ( now Indonesia ) Governor-General Anthony van Diemen

Port Esperance, the Huon River, and other features were discovered, named, and charted, the admiral's names being given to the channel ( D ' Entrecasteaux Channel ) and the large island ( Bruny Island ) separated by it from the mainland.

In the islands of Scotland, particularly Orkney and Shetland, but also the Western Isles, there are many names of Norse origin ; this is also true of the coasts of the mainland

Such names are popular not only in Hawaiian families, but also among other residents of Hawaii, and even in the United States mainland among both non-native and native Hawaiians.

Nowadays, townland names in particular are under threat owing to a new computerised system of addresses for rural homes, a system suited to areas on the British mainland where townlands do not exist.

Renamed ÆON in 1989, it operates stores throughout Japan under JUSCO and other names and also has a presence in Malaysia, Hong Kong, mainland China ( 永旺 Yǒng wàng ), and Thailand.

The main village, known as Tacatacuru, was located towards the southern end of the island ; during the time of European colonization, the Spanish recorded the names of at least six more villages on the island, and eleven more were located on the mainland.

Many names in Hokkaidō originated from words in the Ainu language, as people from mainland Japan conquered and colonized Hokkaidō in the Edo period and the Meiji period.

In the story, the island provided the last escape for a tribe of Onkilon ( in fact, this was one of the older names for Yuit ), pushed away from the mainland by other Siberian peoples.