He used his time in Bourg to research mathematics, producing Considérations sur la théorie mathématique de jeu ( 1802 ; “ Considerations on the Mathematical Theory of Games ”), a treatise on mathematical probability that he sent to the Paris Academy of Sciences in 1803.

Francesco Lana de Terzi, a 17th century Jesuit professor of physics and mathematics from Brescia, Lombardy, has been referred to as the Father of Aeronautics.

His father, Étienne Pascal ( 1588 – 1651 ), who also had an interest in science and mathematics, was a local judge and member of the " Noblesse de Robe ".

In 1605, Galileo had been employed as a mathematics tutor for Cosimo de ' Medici.

Jakob Bernoulli's Ars Conjectandi ( posthumous, 1713 ) and Abraham de Moivre's Doctrine of Chances ( 1718 ) treated the subject as a branch of mathematics.

It has its origins in correspondence discussing the mathematics of games of chance between Blaise Pascal and Pierre de Fermat in the seventeenth century, and was formalized and rendered axiomatic as a distinct branch of mathematics by Andrey Kolmogorov in the twentieth century.

* Malba Tahan, pseudonym of Júlio César de Mello e Souza, author of several books figuring recreational mathematics, including The Man Who Counted

He was educated at the Jesuit College in Reims and at the Collège de Navarre in Paris, where he quickly showed his intellectual ability, and gained his first public distinctions in mathematics.

In lecturing on the Librorum de judiciis astrologicis of Ptolemy in 1535 – 6, Melanchthon expressed to students his interest in Greek mathematics, astronomy and astrology.

The Portuguese historian Teixeira de Aragão suggests that Vasco da Gama studied at the inland town of Évora, which is where he may have learned mathematics and navigation and it has even been claimed ( although dubiously ) that he studied under the astronomer Abraham Zacuto.

As he showed a remarkable talent for mathematics in primary school, one of his instructors arranged for community support to continue his education at the Collège de Beauvais and then at Lycée Saint-Louis and Lycée Louis-le-Grand in Paris.

In 1921 he left the Sorbonne to become professor of mathematics at the Collège de France, where he lectured and did research for the rest of his life.

One of the first known uses of the symbol in mathematics is by Marquis de Condorcet from 1770, who used it for partial differences.

Although mathematics was not part of his course work, de Moivre read several mathematical works on his own including Elements de mathematiques by Father Prestet and a short treatise on games of chance, De Ratiociniis in Ludo Aleae, by Christiaan Huygens.

To make a living, de Moivre became a private tutor of mathematics, visiting his pupils or teaching in the coffee houses of London.

In 1695, Halley communicated de Moivre ’ s first mathematics paper, which arose from his study of fluxions in the Principia, to the Royal Society.

Van Schooten's father was a professor of mathematics at Leiden, having Christiaan Huygens, Johann van Waveren Hudde, and René de Sluze as students.

There, with other kindred spirits such as René Descartes, Étienne Pascal, Gilles de Roberval and Nicolas-Claude Fabri de Peiresc, he studied mathematics and music.

* Between 1770 and 1790 contributed various papers on mathematics and physics to the Memoirs of the Academy of Turin, the Mémoires des savantes étrangers of the Academy of Paris, the Mémoires of the same Academy, and the Annales de chimie, including:

In June 2004, de Branges announced he had a proof of the Riemann hypothesis ( RH ; often called the greatest unsolved problem in mathematics ) and published the 124-page proof on his website.

In mathematics the Chebyshev polynomials, named after Pafnuty Chebyshev, are a sequence of orthogonal polynomials which are related to de Moivre's formula and which can be defined recursively.

Since mathematics is related to logic, he cites an example from mathematics: If we have a formula like ( a + b )( a-b )= a²-b² it does not tell us how to think mathematically.

The physicist Richard Feynman called Euler's formula " our jewel " and " one of the most remarkable, almost astounding, formulas in all of mathematics.

In mathematics, the Euler – Maclaurin formula provides a powerful connection between integrals ( see calculus ) and sums.

In mathematics, the classic Möbius inversion formula was introduced into number theory during the 19th century by August Ferdinand Möbius.

* < sub > n </ sub > C < sub > r </ sub > as an abbreviation of the mathematics formula " from n choose r "

) In modern mathematics, this formula can be derived using integral calculus, i. e. disk integration to sum the volumes of an infinite number of circular disks of infinitesimally small thickness stacked centered side by side along the x axis from where the disk has radius r ( i. e. ) to where the disk has radius 0 ( i. e. ).

The applied tools of the mathematics disciplines of Celestial mechanics or its subfield Orbital mechanics ( both predict orbital paths and positions ) about a center of gravity are used to generate an ephemeris ( plural: ephemerides ; from the Greek word ephemeros = daily ) which is a table of values that gives the positions of astronomical objects in the sky at a given time or times, or a formula to calculate such given the proper time offset from the epoch.

In mathematics, the Euclidean distance or Euclidean metric is the " ordinary " distance between two points that one would measure with a ruler, and is given by the Pythagorean formula.

In mathematics, Cauchy's integral formula, named after Augustin-Louis Cauchy, is a central statement in complex analysis.

* Numerical analysis is a branch of mathematics, pioneered by celestial mechanicians, for calculating approximate numerical answers ( such as the position of a planet in the sky ) which are too difficult to solve down to a general, exact formula.

In mathematics, Stirling's approximation ( or Stirling's formula ) is an approximation for large factorials.

In mathematics, a formula is an entity constructed using the symbols and formation rules of a given logical language.

This formula game enables us to express the entire thought-content of the science of mathematics in a uniform manner and develop it in such a way that, at the same time, the interconnections between the individual propositions and facts become clear.

In mathematics, especially in applications of linear algebra to physics, the Einstein notation or Einstein summation convention is a notational convention that implies summation over a set of indexed terms in a formula, thus achieving notational brevity.

A significant milestone and achievement of experimental mathematics was the discovery in 1995 of the Bailey – Borwein – Plouffe formula for the binary digits of π.

In mathematics, the Baker – Campbell – Hausdorff formula is the solution to

In mathematics, computer science, and logic, rewriting covers a wide range of ( potentially non-deterministic ) methods of replacing subterms of a formula with other terms.

Faà di Bruno's formula is an identity in mathematics generalizing the chain rule to higher derivatives, named after, though he was not the first to state or prove the formula.

In mathematics, specifically in calculus and complex analysis, the logarithmic derivative of a function f is defined by the formula

In mathematics, the Riemann – Hurwitz formula, named after Bernhard Riemann and Adolf Hurwitz, describes the relationship of the Euler characteristics of two surfaces when one is a ramified covering of the other.

In mathematics, the Poisson summation formula is an equation that relates the Fourier series coefficients of the periodic summation of a function to values of the function's continuous Fourier transform.