The books are the main sources of medieval skaldic tradition in Iceland and Norse mythology.

The Poetic Edda, also known as Sæmundar Edda or the Elder Edda, is a collection of Old Norse poems from the Icelandic medieval manuscript Codex Regius (" Royal Book ").

The sixteen books, in prose with an occasional excursion into poetry, can be categorized into two parts: Books 1-9, which deal with Norse mythology, and Books 10-16, which deal with medieval history.

The word was adopted into English in the nineteenth century from medieval Icelandic treatises on poetics, in particular the Prose Edda of Snorri Sturluson, and derives ultimately from the Old Norse verb kenna “ know, recognise ; perceive, feel ; show ; teach ; etc .”, as used in the expression kenna við “ to name after ; to express thing in terms of ”, “ name after ; refer to in terms of ”, and kenna til “ qualify by, make into a kenning by adding ”.

The Norse had a strong sense of naval architecture, and during the early medieval period they were advanced for their time, compared to other European nations ( earlier shipbuilding techniques, for example those of Mediterranean peoples, such as ancient Greece and Rome, were far more sophisticated and varied, especially in terms of joinery ).

but medieval Icelandic sources have only sparse material on Old Norse Ullr.

The medieval Norse word was Latinized as Ollerus.

The age and origin of these stones is debated, and so far none has been firmly dated or associated with clear evidence of a medieval Norse presence.

The people of medieval Scandinavia are also referred to as Norse, although this term properly applies only to the Old-Norse-speaking peoples of Scandinavia, and not to the Sami.

After the consolidation of the church and the assimilation of Scandinavia and its colonies into the mainstream of medieval Christian culture in the 11th and 12th centuries, native written sources begin to appear, in Latin and Old Norse.

The linguistic evidence from medieval and later records and Old Norse place-names in Scandinavia and elsewhere also provides a vital source of information for the social history of Viking Age Scandinavia and the Viking settlements overseas.

The runestones are important sources in the study of Norse society and early medieval Scandinavia, not only of the ' Viking ' segment of the population.

Norse sources of the high medieval period, most prominently Snorri Sturluson's Heimskringla, also give a Polish princess as Cnut's mother, whom they call Gunhild and a daughter of Burislav, the king of Vindland.

* Historically, anything relating to the medieval Norse communities in southwestern Greenland ( see History of Greenland )

There are two written sources on the origin of the name, in The Book of Icelanders ( Íslendingabók ), a historical work dealing with early Icelandic history from the 12th century, and in the medieval Icelandic saga, The Saga of Eric the Red ( Eiríks saga rauða ), which is about the Norse settlement in Greenland and the story of Erik the Red in particular.

" Although there is no special reason to doubt the accuracy of this information, it should always be borne in mind that the sagas embody the literary preoccupations of writers and audiences in medieval Iceland, and they cannot always be treated as reliable sources for the history of Norse Greenland.

Medieval Norwegian literature is closely tied with medieval Icelandic literature and considered together as Old Norse literature.

The Vinland Map first came to light in 1957 ( three years before the discovery of the Norse site at L ' Anse aux Meadows in 1960 ), bound in a slim volume with a short medieval text called the Hystoria Tartarorum ( usually called in English the Tartar Relation ), and was unsuccessfully offered to the British Museum by London book dealer Irving Davis on behalf of a Spanish-Italian dealer named Enzo Ferrajoli de Ry.

Erik Thorvaldsson (; 950 – c. 1003 ), known as Erik the Red (), is remembered in medieval and Icelandic saga sources as having founded the first Norse settlement in Greenland.

Old Norse Myths in medieval Northern Society.

In Norway the medieval market town ( Norwegian kjøpstad from the old Norse kaupstaðr ) was a town which had been granted commerce privileges by the king or other authorities.

Kvatrutafl is the Old Norse name for Tables ( the medieval forerunner of Backgammon ).

Hnefatafl was a popular game in medieval Scandinavia and was mentioned in several of the Norse Sagas.

The institution known as leiðangr ( Old Norse ), leidang ( Norwegian ), leding, ( Danish ), ledung ( Swedish ), expeditio ( Latin ) or sometimes lething ( English ), was a public levy of free farmers typical for medieval Scandinavians.

Cloaks are a staple garment in the fantasy genre due to the popularity of medieval settings, although fantasy cloak designs normally have more resemblance to 18th-or 19th-century cloaks rather than medieval ones.

The medieval and renaissance coat ( generally spelled cote by costume historians ) is a midlength, sleeved men's outer garment, fitted to the waist and buttoned up the front, with a full skirt in its essentials, not unlike the modern coat.

The origin of the chimere has been the subject of much debate ; but the view that it is a modification of the cope is now discarded, and it is practically proved to be derived from the medieval tabard ( tabardum, taberda or collobium ), an upper garment worn in civil life by all classes of people both in England and abroad.

In The Merchant of Venice, William Shakespeare uses the phrase " Jewish gaberdine " to describe the garment worn by Shylock, and the term gaberdine has been subsequently used to refer to the overgown or mantle worn by Jews in the medieval era.

Gown ( from medieval Latin gunna ) was a basic clothing term for hundreds of years, referring to a garment that hangs from the shoulders.

In medieval and renaissance England gown referred to a loose outer garment worn by both men and women, sometimes short, more often ankle length, with sleeves.

It is the first find of its kind, demonstrating a medieval tradition attested in writing according to which Orthodox rulers would present their most eminent dignitaries with a piece of a garment they had worn.

It is uncertain whether smock-frocks are " frocks made like smocks " or " smocks made like frocks "— that is, whether the garment evolved from the smock, the shirt or underdress of the medieval period, or from the frock, an overgarment of equally ancient origin.

It was a bold, dark castle of pine boughs that stood like a medieval fortress, eclipsing the sun and human time.

But to return to the main line of our inquiry, it is doubtful that Utopia is still widely read because More was medieval or even because he was a martyr -- indeed, it is likely that these days many who read Utopia with interest do not even know that its author was a martyr.

The medieval was the most important to Chambers because he sought to place Thomas More, the author of Utopia, in some intelligible relation with St. Thomas More, the martyr.

Or, he might remind Fromm that the 41 per cent figure is really astonishingly low: after all, the medieval guild system was dedicated to the proposition that 100 per cent of the workers ought to turn out only the average amount ; ;

Aristotle was well known among medieval Muslim intellectuals and revered as المعلم الأول-" The First Teacher ".

With the loss of the study of ancient Greek in the early medieval Latin West, Aristotle was practically unknown there from c. AD 600 to c. 1100 except through the Latin translation of the Organon made by Boethius.

Another candidate for one of the first scholars to carry out comparative ethnographic-type studies in person was the medieval Persian scholar Abū Rayhān Bīrūnī in the eleventh century, who wrote about the peoples, customs, and religions of the Indian subcontinent.

In Italian, possibly following a tradition of antiquity, the Arcipelago ( from medieval Greek * ἀρχιπέλαγος ) was the proper name for the Aegean Sea and, later, usage shifted to refer to the Aegean Islands ( since the sea is remarkable for its large number of islands ).

The medieval parish church of Gunsbach was shared by the Protestant and Catholic congregations, which held their prayers in different areas at different times on Sundays.

Throughout ancient and medieval history, most architectural design and construction was carried out by artisans, such as stone masons and carpenters, rising to the role of master builder.

By the middle of the 19th century, industrialisation swept away most of the city's medieval rules of production and commerce, although the entirely corrupt remains of the city's mediæval constitution was kept in place ( compare the famous remarks of Georg Forster in his Ansichten vom Niederrhein ) until 1801, when Aachen became the " chef-lieu du département de la Roer " in Napoléon's First French Empire.

The city suffered extreme overcrowding and deplorable sanitary conditions up to 1875 when the medieval fortifications were finally abandoned as a limit to building operations and new, less miserable quarters were built in the eastern part of the city, where drainage of waste liquids was easiest.

Damaged buildings included the medieval churches of St. Foillan, St. Paul and St. Nicholas, and the Rathaus ( city hall ), although Aachen Cathedral was largely unscathed.

According to the medieval chronicler John of Worcester, Ealdred was given the see of Ramsbury to administer while Herman remained outside England.

This is the reason that Alfred divided his code into precisely 120 chapters: 120 was the age at which Moses died and, in the number-symbolism of early medieval biblical exegetes, 120 stood for law.

Tradition relates that in 814, the body of Saint James the Greater was discovered in Compostela and that Alfonso was the first pilgrim to that famous medieval ( and modern ) shrine.

In the late medieval period, Ælfheah's feast day was celebrated in Scandinavia, perhaps because of the saint's connection with Cnut.

In early medieval times, Argovia or Argowe was a disputed border region between the duchies of Alamannia and Burgundy.

Adam of Bremen ( also: Adamus Bremensis ) was a German medieval chronicler.

An archaeological investigation of the site of the visitors ' centre before building started revealed the foundations of the medieval precinct wall, with a gateway, and stonework discarded during manufacture, showing that the area was the site of the masons ' yard while the Abbey was being built.

A fire in the late 17th century was followed by some repairs, but in 1725 the family purchased 17th century Aberdour House, on the west side of the burn and in Wester Aberdour, and the medieval Castle was allowed to fall into relative decay.