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multicellular and organisms
Amoebas seem to have connections with two phyla ( now defunct ) composed of multicellular organisms of the lineage of fungus-like protists, the so-called slime molds.
Algae ( or ; singular alga, Latin for " seaweed ") are a very large and diverse group of simple, typically autotrophic organisms, ranging from unicellular to multicellular forms, such as the giant kelps that grow to 65 meters in length.
Most multicellular organisms have two sets of chromosomes, that is, they are diploid.
A complete lack of sexual reproduction is relatively rare among multicellular organisms, particularly animals.
Prokaryotic cells are usually independent, while eukaryotic cells are often found in multicellular organisms.
Complex, multicellular organisms gradually became more common in the millions of years immediately preceding the Cambrian, but it was not until this period that mineralised – hence readily fossilised – organisms became common.
In multicellular organisms, it permits the organism to build and hold its shape ( morphogenesis ).
Cell biology research encompasses both the great diversity of single-celled organisms like bacteria and protozoa, as well as the many specialized cells in multicellular organisms such as humans.
Chemotaxis is the phenomenon whereby somatic cells, bacteria, and other single-cell or multicellular organisms direct their movements according to certain chemicals in their environment.
Commonly, this term is used to refer specifically to infectious diseases, which are clinically evident diseases that result from the presence of pathogenic microbial agents, including viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa, multicellular organisms, and aberrant proteins known as prions.
Computer simulation of multicellular development is a research methodology to understand the function of the very complex processes involved in the development of organisms.
Minimal genomes for minimal multicellular organisms may pave the way to understand such complex processes in vivo.
The Ediacaran biota include the oldest definite multicellular organisms with tissues, and the most common types resemble segmented worms, fronds, disks, or immobile bags.
There is experimental work being done on minimal genomes for single cell organisms as well as minimal genomes for multicellular organisms ( see Developmental biology ).
All multicellular organisms produce hormones ; plant hormones are also called phytohormones.
They are multicellular organisms which are usually a few millimetres long and are best studied with a microscope.
Common examples of in vitro experiments include ( a ) cells derived from multicellular organisms ( cell culture or tissue culture ), ( b ) subcellular components ( e. g. mitochondria or ribosomes ), ( c ) Cellular or subcellular extracts ( e. g. wheat germ or reticulocyte extracts ), or ( d ) purified molecules in the test tube ( often proteins, DNA, or RNA, either individually or in combination ).
Living organisms are extremely complex functional systems that are made up of, at a minimum, many tens of thousands of genes, protein molecules, RNA molecules, small organic compounds, inorganic ions and complexes in an environment that is spatially organized by membranes and, in the case of multicellular organisms, organ systems.
In multicellular organisms, there is an intermediary step between the diploid and haploid transition where the organism grows.
For example, the set of carboxylic acids that are best known as the intermediates in the citric acid cycle are present in all known organisms, being found in species as diverse as the unicellular bacteria Escherichia coli and huge multicellular organisms like elephants.

multicellular and is
Arsenic is notoriously poisonous to multicellular life, although a few species of bacteria are able to use arsenic compounds as respiratory metabolites.
The central nervous system ( CNS ) is the part of the nervous system that integrates the information that it receives from, and coordinates the activity of, all parts of the bodies of bilaterian animals — that is, all multicellular animals except radially symmetric animals such as sponges and jellyfish.
A gametophyte is the haploid, multicellular phase of plants and algae that undergo alternation of generations, with each of its cells containing only a single set of chromosomes.
In some multicellular green algae, red algae, or brown algae ( Ulva is one example ), the sporophytes and gametophytes are often isomorphic, but in some species the gametophyte may be reduced.
The only case in which we can discuss multiple trajectories is in a multicellular thunderstorm where the hailstone may be ejected from the top of the " mother " cell and captured in the updraft of a more intense " daughter cell ".
It is generally accepted that the phyla comprising modern Eukaryota share a common multicellular ancestor, but with the sole exception of one subphylum of the phylum Chordata, all those phyla are classified as invertebrates along with two of the three subphyla in the Chordata: Tunicata and Cephalochordata.
A microorganism ( from the, mikrós, " small " and, organismós, " organism "; also spelled micro-organism, micro organism or microörganism ) or microbe is a microscopic organism that comprises either a single cell ( unicellular ), cell clusters, or multicellular relatively complex organisms.
Most microorganisms are unicellular ( single-celled ), but this is not universal, since some multicellular organisms are microscopic, while some unicellular protists and bacteria, like Thiomargarita namibiensis, are macroscopic and visible to the naked eye.
This qualification is significant since most multicellular eukaryotes consist of a single cell called a zygote at the beginning of their life cycles.
The number and diversity of subunits contained in the 20S core particle depends on the organism ; the number of distinct and specialized subunits is larger in multicellular than unicellular organisms and larger in eukaryotes than in prokaryotes.
p53 is crucial in multicellular organisms, where it regulates the cell cycle and, thus, functions as a tumor suppressor that is involved in preventing cancer.
However, no third gamete is known in multicellular animals .< ref >
In multicellular organisms, it is the earliest developmental stage of the embryo.
" that which grows ," from en-" in " + bryein, " to swell, be full "; the proper Latinate form would be embryum ) is a multicellular diploid eukaryote in its earliest stage of development, from the time of first cell division until birth, hatching, or germination.

multicellular and early
The Ediacara biota ( also called Vendian biota ) dating from 575 million years ago collectively constitutes a richly diverse assembly of early multicellular eukaryotes.
In the early 20th century, paleontologists started finding fossils of multicellular animals that predated the Cambrian boundary.
The biologists Stuart A. Newman and Gerd B. Müller have suggested that organisms early in the history of multicellular life were more susceptible to this second category of epigenetic determination than are modern organisms, providing a basis for early macroevolutionary changes.
At this point ( the late 1970s and early 1980s ) little was known about the genetic and molecular mechanisms by which multicellular organisms develop from single cells to morphologically complex forms during embryogenesis.
The name derives from their characteristic of nurturing the young embryo sporophyte during the early stages of its multicellular development within the tissues of the parent gametophyte.
The documented biota now includes phosphatized microfossils of algae, multicellular thallophytes ( seaweeds ), acritarchs, ciliates, and cyanophytes, besides adult sponges and adult cnidarians ( coelenterates ; these may be early forms of tabulate corals ( tetracorallians )).
The hills also contain fossils of early multicellular life forms, the Ediacaran biota ( lagerstätte ), and have given their name to the Ediacaran geological period.
Later on, he explored the problem of self-organization in pattern formation, using different case studies, from single-cell organisms ( as Acetabularia ) to multicellular organisms, including early development in Drosophila.

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