In chemistry, an alcohol is an organic compound in which the hydroxyl functional group (- OH ) is bound to a carbon atom.

The circle symbol for aromaticity was introduced by Sir Robert Robinson and his student James Armit in 1925 and popularized starting in 1959 by the Morrison & Boyd textbook on organic chemistry.

In organic chemistry, compounds composed of carbon and hydrogen are divided into two classes: aromatic compounds, which contain benzene or similar rings of atoms, and aliphatic compounds (; G. aleiphar, fat, oil ), which do not contain those rings.

* Ad, an abbreviation in organic chemistry for Adamantyl

During this period significant analytical contributions to chemistry include the development of systematic elemental analysis by Justus von Liebig and systematized organic analysis based on the specific reactions of functional groups.

Starting in approximately the 1970s into the present day analytical chemistry has progressively become more inclusive of biological questions ( bioanalytical chemistry ), whereas it had previously been largely focused on inorganic or small organic molecules.

In organic chemistry, an alkene, olefin, or olefine is an unsaturated chemical compound containing at least one carbon-to-carbon double bond.

The later discovery of Friedrich Wöhler that many natural substances, organic compounds, can indeed be synthesized in a chemistry laboratory also helped the modern chemistry to mature from its infancy.

Fields of specialization include biochemistry, nuclear chemistry, organic chemistry, inorganic chemistry, polymer chemistry, analytical chemistry, theoretical chemistry, quantum chemistry, environmental chemistry, and physical chemistry.

Biochemistry and organic chemistry are closely related, for example, in medicinal chemistry.

The distinction between organic and inorganic disciplines is not absolute and there is much overlap, most importantly in the sub-discipline of organometallic chemistry.

* Organic chemistry is the study of the structure, properties, composition, mechanisms, and chemical reaction of organic compounds.

* Cracking ( chemistry ), the decomposition of complex organic molecules into smaller ones

In organic chemistry a carbonate can also refer to a functional group within a larger molecule that contains a carbon atom bound to three oxygen atoms, one of which is double bonded.

* Both organic ligands are trans oriented and convert to cis in a trans-cis isomerization to produce complex D.

The organic loading on the pond was slightly under 60 lb. BOD / day / acre.

Adobe (, ; Arabic: الطوب ) is a natural building material made from sand, clay, water, and some kind of fibrous or organic material ( sticks, straw, and / or manure ), which the builders shape into bricks ( using frames ) and dry in the sun.

The traditional adobe roof has been generally constructed using a mixture of soil / clay, water, sand, and other available organic materials.

The first industrial station for the transformation of urban organic materials into compost was set up in Wels / Austria in the year 1921.

< Dictionary. com http :// dictionary. reference. com / browse / humus >.</ ref >) refers to any organic matter that has reached a point of stability, where it will break down no further and might, if conditions do not change, remain as it is for centuries, if not millennia.

< http :// www. britannica. com / EBchecked / topic / 276408 / humus >.</ ref > It is also used to describe a topsoil horizon that contains organic matter ( humus type, humus form, humus profile ).

Synthetic organic chemistry is an applied science as it borders engineering, the " design, analysis, and / or construction of works for practical purposes ".

The use of antibiotics and hormones in cattle and birds, artificial food additives like artificial colors / flavors, artificial sweeteners like high-fructose corn syrup and aspartame, artificial preservatives, etc., prompted " propaganda " films like Super Size Me ( 2004 ), King Corn ( 2007 ), Food, Inc. ( 2008 ), Forks Over Knives ( 2011 ), and others to promote food awareness, organic farming and eating local organic food, reducing and eliminating pesticides, herbicides, fungicides, and synthetic fertilizers, and adopting a vegan and / or raw food diet.

According to the Soil Association, the total copper that can be applied to organic land is 6 kg / ha / year.

This may be motivated by biotic ethics that values, and seeks to propagate, the basic patterns of our organic gene / protein life-form.

They allow themselves to use some genetic-engineering improvements ( referred to as " geneering "), but do not generally condone the use of " bitek " ( organic / bio technology ) in their culture.

The DSM-IV-TR avoids the functional / organic distinction, and instead lists traditional psychotic illnesses, psychosis due to general medical conditions, and substance-induced psychosis.

Because of this, sodium salts are usually isolated as solids by evaporation or by precipitation with an organic solvent, such as ethanol ; for example, only 0. 35 g / L of sodium chloride will dissolve in ethanol.

# Degenerative joint disease, such as osteoarthritis or organic degeneration of the articular surfaces, recurrent fibrous and / or bony ankylosis, developmental abnormality, or pathologic lesions within the TMJ

Cis and trans isomers occur both in organic molecules and in inorganic coordination complexes.

Diphosphenes have trans structures, in which the C-P-P angles deviate from 90 ° due to steric repulsion between the bulky organic substituents.

The symmetry and isomerism of allenes has long fascinated organic chemists.

Cyclohexane conformations have been extensively studied in organic chemistry because they are the classical example of conformational isomerism and have noticeable influence on the physical and chemical properties of cyclohexane.

Endo-exo isomerism is a special type of isomerism found in organic compounds with a substituent on a bridged ring system.

Amino acids also exist as zwitterions in the solid phase, and crystallize with salt-like properties unlike typical organic acids or amines.

Amide can also refer to the conjugate base of ammonia ( the anion H < sub > 2 </ sub > N < sup >–</ sup >) or of an organic amine ( an anion R < sub > 2 </ sub > N < sup >–</ sup >).

Similarly, coral, petrified wood and other organic remains or porous rocks can also become agatized.

Amber and jet are also of natural organic origin, although both materials have undergone partial geologic fossilization.

It is also reactive toward most organic compounds, especially upon illumination, conditions that favor the dissociation of the diatomic molecule into bromine radicals:

The organic part is also composed of various growth factors, the functions of which are not fully known.

Thermal depolymerization also destroys prions in infected organic and inorganic matter, since the process chemically attacks protein at the molecular level.

Cervical mucus also contains electrolytes ( calcium, sodium and potassium ), organic components such as glucose, amino acids and soluble proteins.

The name may also mean an ester of carbonic acid, an organic compound containing the carbonate group C (= O )( O –)< sub > 2 </ sub >.

Whereas transition metals sometimes attract most of the attention in the study of catalysis, small organic molecules without metals can also exhibit catalytic properties, as is apparent from the fact that many enzymes lack transition metals.

Vermicast, also known as worm castings, worm humus or worm manure, is the end-product of the breakdown of organic matter by species of earthworm.

They also contain an organic compound called apiol.

Other views of God affirmed by members of the Conservative movement include Kabbalistic mysticism ; Hasidic panentheism ( neo-Hasidism, Jewish Renewal ); limited theism ( as in Harold Kushner's When Bad Things Happen to Good People ); and organic thinking in the fashion of Alfred North Whitehead and Charles Hartshorne, also known as process theology ( such as Rabbis Max Kaddushin, William E. Kaufman, or Bradley Shavit Artson ).

In Ancient Egyptian architecture as early as 2600 BC the architect Imhotep made use of stone columns whose surface was carved to reflect the organic form of bundled reeds ; in later Egyptian architecture faceted cylinders were also common.

Carbamazepine can enter the environment through discharge of wastewater, and has also been shown to persist and accumulate in the organic components of soil and sludge.

There are also organic ligands such as alkenes whose pi bonds can coordinate to empty metal orbitals.

Alexander's philosophy of incremental, organic, coherent design also influenced the extreme programming movement.

Clay minerals also bind particles of organic material to their surface, making them less accessibly to microbes.

Microbial cell walls also contain a recalcitrant materials like chitin, and these also accumulate as the microbes die, further reducing the quality of older soil organic matter.

Sanderson's model has also been used to calculate molecular geometry, s-electrons energy, NMR spin-spin constants and other parameters for organic compounds.

Manufacturing inputs can also be organic compounds or hazardous materials that require special handing due to risks ( such as carcinogens ).

To him also is due the isolation of the elements yttrium, beryllium, and titanium, the observation that " silicium " ( silicon ) can be obtained in crystals, and that some meteoric stones contain organic matter.