In terms of technology, art and culture, as well as sheer size, Constantinople was without parallel anywhere in Europe for a thousand years.

The reason for this is that although the Scandinavian peninsula is attached to Continental Europe by Karelia etc., it is usually reached by sea, not by land ( which would require travelling north as far as Tornio at the 66th parallel north ).

Contemporaneously to English Gothic, parallel Romantic literary movements developed in continental Europe: the roman noir (" black novel ") in France, by such writers as François Guillaume Ducray-Duminil, Gaston Leroux, Baculard d ' Arnaud, and Stéphanie Félicité Ducrest de St-Albin, Madame de Genlis and the Schauerroman (" shudder novel ") in Germany by such writers as Friedrich Schiller, author of The Ghost-Seer ( 1789 ) and Christian Heinrich Spiess, author of Das Petermännchen ( 1791 / 92 ).

Opposition to Turkish membership of the EU developed in parallel to an increasing unease as to how Europe deals with Islam.

A parallel Jewish movement, Haskalah or the " Jewish Enlightenment ", began, especially in Central Europe and Western Europe, in response to both the Enlightenment and these new freedoms.

During the 19th century, parallel operatic traditions emerged in central and eastern Europe, particularly in Russia and Bohemia.

In a striking parallel, on Oxford's return from Europe across the Channel in April 1576, his ship was hijacked by pirates who robbed him and left him stripped to his shirt, and who might have murdered him had not one of them recognised him.

This speech has been described by Eugenio Biagini as having " no parallel in the rest of Europe except in the rhetoric of the toughest socialist leaders ".

Two natural gas lines parallel the old petroleum line as far as Tbilisi, where they turn north across the Caucasus Mountains to join the grid of natural gas pipelines that supply cities throughout Russia and Eastern Europe.

However, his music gained acceptance in Europe and North America, and his reworking of the tango was embraced by some liberal segments of Argentine society, who were pushing for political changes in parallel to his musical revolution.

A parallel development has been occurring in Europe in recent years, where increasing interaction between Europe's deaf communities has led to the emergence of a pan-European pidgin or creole sign.

From Trantor, the Second Foundationers secretly guided the development of the Galaxy ( roughly parallel to the city of Rome becoming, after the fall of its empire, the headquarters of the Papacy, with its enormous influence on the development of Medieval Europe ).

Officially known ( and marketed in Europe ) as the VW 1302 from 1971 to 1972, and VW 1303 from 1973 onwards, but commonly called Super Beetle, the new stretched nose design replaced the dual parallel torsion bar beams which had compromised trunk space and relocated the spare tire from a near vertical to a low horizontal position.

d ) they could not be certain that the two halves of the map, held together by a binding strip glued on the back, had ever been a single sheet — unlike any other known medieval double-page map ; looking at the map, it is clear that the artist knew exactly, to the nearest millimeter, where it was going to be folded, because several place-names start or finish right next to it while none are written straight across it, and the rivers of eastern Europe run parallel to it ;

Throughout much of Europe, conversion of exhibition venues lagged well behind production capacity, requiring talkies to be produced in parallel silent versions or simply shown without sound in many places.

It is plac'd on a peninsula between the River Yare and the sea ; the two last lying parallel to one another, and the town in the middle: The river lies on the west-side of the town, and being grown very large and deep, by a conflux of all the rivers on this side the county, forms the haven ; and the town facing to the west also, and open to the river, makes the finest key in England, if not in Europe, not inferior even to that of Marseilles itself.

The parallel Pilgrims ' Way, known as such for linking Canterbury to Winchester, also dates back to prehistory and, like the Harrow Way, may date back to the time when Britain was physically joined to continental Europe.

During 1942 and 1943, the US deployed millions of men and thousands of planes and tanks to the UK, beginning with the strategic bombing of Nazi Germany and occupied Europe and leading up to the Allied invasions of occupied North Africa in November 1942, Sicily and Italy in 1943, France in 1944, and the invasion of Germany in 1945, parallel with the Soviet invasion from the east.

A parallel but somewhat separate scene grew up in Europe, with the first European human power championships being held in 1983.

In a rebuttal published by Radio Free Europe / Radio Liberty in parallel to Dostum's piece, Sam Zarifi, the Asia-Pacific director for Amnesty International and a human rights investigator in Afghanistan in 2002, stated that " investigations carried out shortly after the alleged killings by highly experienced and respected forensic analysts from Physicians for Human Rights established the presence of recently deceased human remains at Dasht-e Leili and suggested that they were the victims of homicide.

Norton's theorem for linear electrical networks, known in Europe as the Mayer – Norton theorem, states that any collection of voltage sources, current sources, and resistors with two terminals is electrically equivalent to an ideal current source, I, in parallel with a single resistor, R. For single-frequency AC systems the theorem can also be applied to general impedances, not just resistors.

The common european hornet, also called Vespa crabro, is the better known species, widely distributed in Europe ( but is never found north of the 63rd parallel ), in North China and also the only species introduced to North America, Ukraine and European Russia ( except in extreme northern areas ).

In northern Europe and Britain the metamorphosis of earlier wood, rope and leather forms of stirrups to metal forms can be seen in the archeological record, “ suggesting that one or more of the early forms have parallel development with those in Hungary, rather than being derived solely from the latter region .” " In Scandinavia two major types of stirrups are discerned, and from these, by the development and fusion of different elements, some almost certainly of central European origin, most other types were evolved.

However, while there are many passages where the Gospel of Barnabas sets out alternative readings to parallel pericopes found in the canonical gospels, none of the references to Muhammad by name occurs in such a synoptic passage ; and in particular, none of the " Muhammad " references in Barnabas corresponds to a " Paraclete " reference in canonical John.

The mysterious Egerton Gospel appears to represent a parallel but independent tradition to the Gospel of John.

* John never lists all of the Twelve Disciples and names at least one disciple ( Nathanael ) whose name is not found in the synoptics ; Nathanael appears to parallel the apostle Bartholomew found in the synoptics, as both are paired with Philip in the respective gospels.

Hence, the tradition of St John Cassian in the West concerning the spiritual practice of the hermit can be considered to be a tradition parallel to that of Hesychasm in the Orthodox Church.

Pigeon migration, in flocks numbering billions, was a spectacle without parallel, as described by John James Audubon:

Origen's Commentary on Matthew book xi says " But many things might be said about the Word Himself who became flesh ", which has been offered as a parallel showing the use of logos in 3 John 1. 7..

Cynthia hypothesizes that John had a " mother complex ," allowing himself to be dominated by strong women and draws a parallel between his relationship with Ono and that with his domineering aunt Mimi Smith in childhood.

An intense interest in spiritualism, parapsychology, and hypnosis continued throughout the 19th and early 20th centuries, running in parallel with John Locke's views that there was an association of ideas requiring the coexistence of feelings with awareness of the feelings.

* Senator John Bell ( with the assent of Texas ) in February 1850: New Mexico would get all Texas land north of the 34th parallel north ( including today's Texas Panhandle ), and the area to the south ( including the southeastern part of today's New Mexico ) would be divided at the Colorado River of Texas into two Southern states, balancing the admission of California and New Mexico as free states.

John Ferguson McLennan, Lewis Henry Morgan, and others argued that there was a parallel development in social institutions.

A second band, called Asia Featuring John Payne, exists in parallel as a continuation of a pre-2006 Asia line-up.

He starred in a series of Mr. Moto movies, a parallel to the better known Charlie Chan series, in which he played John P. Marquand's seminal character, a Japanese detective and spy.

In similar vein Barclay follows Carr in finding Josephus ' silence not relevant, drawing a parallel with the diarist John Evelyn's failure to mention the masscre at Glencoe.

John Fisher's beheading created yet another ironic parallel with that of the martyrdom of St John the Baptist who was also beheaded ; his death also happened on the feast day of St Alban, the first martyr of Britain.

John Cale's Paris 1919 was credited by the band as providing a musical parallel.

The British rejected a proposal by President John Tyler to divide the region along the 49th parallel, and instead proposed a boundary line farther south along the Columbia River, which would have made what is now the state of Washington part of British North America.

John Pope surveyed the 32nd parallel, which separates Winkler County from New Mexico, for possible railroad construction in 1854.

According to historian John Merrill, " the war was preceded by a major insurgency in the South and serious clashes along the thirty-eighth parallel ," and 100, 000 people died in " political disturbances, guerrilla warfare, and border clashes ".

John Gilbert ’ s plan for the “ Grand Trunk ” canal met opposition at the eastern end, where in Burton on Trent, the locals objected to the canal passing parallel to the upper Trent navigation.

One of the first Sci-Fi examples is John Wyndham's Random Quest about a man who, on awaking after a laboratory accident, finds himself in a parallel universe where World War II never happened with consequences for his professional and personal life, giving him information he can use on return to his own universe.

The portion of what had been Virginia north of the 40th parallel became known as New England, according to books written by Captain John Smith, who had made a voyage there.

17 ; in it a parallel is drawn between the John the Baptist's ministry and the work of reformation which in the preacher's judgment was incumbent on the parliament of his own day.

From Tuolumne Meadows the trail turns south, running parallel to the main range of the Sierra Nevada, through Yosemite National Park, Inyo and Sierra national forests ( including the John Muir Wilderness and Ansel Adams Wilderness ), passing through Devils Postpile National Monument, Kings Canyon National Park, and ending on Mount Whitney in Sequoia National Park.