In plasma generators the superimposed forced convection may modify the picture somewhat.

An attempt to improve the life of the anodes or the efficiency of the plasma generators must, therefore, aim at a reduction of the anode loss.

" The leading designs for controlled fusion research use magnetic ( tokamak design ) or inertial ( laser ) confinement of a plasma, with heat from the fusion reactions used to operate a steam turbine which in turn drives electrical generators, similar to the process used in fossil fuel and nuclear fission power stations.

They have exclusive access to powerful weapons such as grenade launchers, shadow generators, and plasma cannons.

Additional weapons included pulse bolt generators, retractable shoulder minigun, variable-configured double-barrel cannons on each gauntlet, gauntlet mounted flamethrower, plasma blade on the left gauntlet, missile box launcher, micro-rocket launcher, particle beam discharger, and an electromagnetic pulse generator in the unibeam projector that could shut down any electronic device in a 50-mile radius.

Although lighter and more powerful, some inverter plasma cutters, especially those without power factor correction, cannot be run from a generator ( that means manufacturer of the inverter unit forbids doing so ; it is only valid for small, light portable generators ).

MHD generators typically reduce the temperature of the conductive substance from plasma temperatures to just over 1000 ° C.

The temperatures at which linear coal-fueled MHD generators can operate are limited by factors that include: ( a ) the combustion fuel, oxidizer, and oxidizer preheat temperature which limit the maximum temperature of the cycle ; ( b ) the ability to protect the sidewalls and electrodes from melting ; ( c ) the ability to protect the electrodes from electrochemical attack from the hot slag coating the walls combined with the high current or arcs that impinge on the electrodes as they carry off the direct current from the plasma ; and ( d ) by the capability of the electrical insulators between each electrode.

Several types of gasifiers are currently available for commercial use: counter-current fixed bed, co-current fixed bed, fluidized bed, entrained flow, plasma, and free radical.

Other types of tests are currently being evaluated as possible alternatives to, or as replacements for, the rapid plasma reagin test.

It is important to recognize that glucose levels in the blood can spike to nerve-damaging levels after eating even though fasting blood sugar levels and average blood glucose levels can still remain below normal levels ( currently typically considered below 100 for fasting blood plasma and 6. 0 for HGBA1c, the test commonly used to measure average blood glucose levels over an extended period ).

The volume of distribution ( V < sub > D </ sub >), also known as apparent volume of distribution, is a pharmacological, theoretical volume that a drug would have to occupy ( if it were uniformly distributed ), to provide the same concentration as it currently is in blood plasma.

Predhiman Krishan Kaw is an Indian plasma physicist, who is currently the director of the Institute for Plasma Research.

This does not mean that chemistry is never involved with plasma or nuclear sciences or even bosonic fields nowadays, since areas such as Quantum Chemistry and Nuclear Chemistry are currently well developed and formally recognized sub-fields of study under the Chemical sciences ( Chemistry ), but what is now formally recognized as subject of study under the Chemistry category as a science is always based on the use of concepts that describe or explain phenomena either from matter or to matter in the atomic or molecular scale, including the study of the behavior of many molecules as an aggregate or the study of the effects of a single proton on a single atom, but excluding phenomena that deal with different ( more " exotic ") types of matter ( e. g. Bose-Einstein condensate, Higgs Boson, dark matter, naked singularity, etc.

The concept has been scaled up to higher plasma currents and larger sizes, with the experiments NSTX ( US ), MAST ( UK ) and Globus-M ( Russia ) currently running.

But, the plasma medium acts as the most efficient transformer ( currently known ) of the transverse field of an electromagnetic wave into longitudinal fields of a plasma wave.

The spacecraft, which is currently in orbit around Saturn, continues to provide information about the magnetic field and plasma parameters of the saturnian magnetosphere.

The only product currently available for treatment of complications of orthopox infection is vaccinia immunoglobulin ( VIG ), which is an isotonic sterile solution of the immunoglobulin fraction of plasma from persons vaccinated with vaccinia vaccine.

They are available in a wider range of screen sizes than CRT and plasma displays, and since they do not use phosphors, they do not suffer image burn-in.

The range of maneuvers available to a magnetic sail inside a planetary magnetosphere are more limited than in a plasma wind.

Home theater designs and layouts are a personal choice, and the minimum set of requirements for a home theater are: a television set or video projector CRT ( no new models sold in U. S .), LCD, DLP, plasma display, organic light-emitting diode ( OLED ), SXRD, Laser TV, rear-projection TV, video projector, SDTV, HDTV, or 3DTV at least 27 " inches measured diagonally, an AV receiver or preamp ( surround processor ) and amplifier combination capable of at least stereo sound but preferably 5. 1 Channel Dolby Digital and DTS audio, and something that plays or broadcasts movies in at least stereo sound such as a VHS HI-FI VCR or LaserDisc player ( no new stand-alone models of either are available ; VHS VCRs are usually bundled in combo decks with DVD players ), a DVD player and / or a Blu-ray Disc player, cable or satellite receiver, video game console, etc.

Options include Liquid crystal display television ( LCD ), plasma TV, OLED, SXRD, DLP, Laser TV, rear-projection TV, a traditional CRT TV ,( only available second-hand at this point ) or video projector and projection screen.

Heating power was also increased by 50 %, bringing the neutral beam power available to the plasma up to 34MW, and diagnostic and control capabilities were improved.

The average energy of the available protons is given by the temperature of the stellar plasma.

In adults, exercise depletes the plasma glucose available to the brain: short intense exercise ( 35 min ergometer cycling ) can reduce brain glucose uptake by 32 %.

Since oxygen therapeutics are not yet widely available, the United States Army is experimenting with varieties of dried blood, which take up less room, weigh less and can be used much longer than blood plasma.

If apheresis is not available, fresh frozen plasma can be infused, but the volume able to be given safely is limited due to the danger of fluid overload.

Yet conflicting studies have shown that it is not available on the cell surface, but instead is found in significant amounts in the blood plasma.

For many combustion and plasma systems, detailed mechanisms are not available or require development.

The energy available to the filaments of plasma within the globe will preferentially flow toward the better acceptor.

The technology needed to formulate gas mixtures used in today's plasma spheres was not available to Tesla.

Although transferrin receptors may be limited on cell surfaces the parvo viruses will find available transferrin receptors and will use different pathways to gain entry to the cells plasma membrane.

In emergency situations where C1 inhibitor concentrate is not available, fresh frozen plasma ( FFP ) can be used as an alternative, as it also contains C1 inhibitor.

C1-INH concentrate is not available in the US, so sometimes fresh frozen plasma is used.

Further electro cracking / plasma cracking is also available ( Dr. B. K. B.

Traditionally the machines ' cutting tables were horizontal, but now vertical CNC plasma cutting machines are available, providing for a smaller footprint, increased flexibility, optimum safety and faster operation.

Recently, a Polish company Bioleux Polska has been advertising renewable hydrogen ( RH2 ) plasma reformers, producing RH2 at under $ 2 per kilogram, and available for lightweight mobile applications using vegetable oil or glycerol as feedstock.

Now 1080p resolution is available in all types of television, including plasma, LCD, DLP front and rear projection, and LCD projection.

The American Heart Association's 2009 guidelines state that, as PANDAS is an unproven hypothesis and well-controlled studies are not yet available, they do " not recommend routine laboratory testing for GAS to diagnose, long-term antistreptococcal prophylaxis to prevent, or immunoregulatory therapy ( eg, intravenous immunoglobulin, plasma exchange ) to treat exacerbations of this disorder ".

A study of the hydrogen line profiles indicates that a measurement of these profiles can be used to calculate a temperature for the arc plasma that is reliable to about Af percent.

These fractions were tested for ABO agglutinin activity, using fractions from group AB plasma as a control.

It has been suggested that the plasma thyroxine-binding proteins, which have an extremely high affinity for thyroxine, compete with thyroglobulin for thyroxine ( Ingbar and Freinkel, 1957 ).

While modelling atoms in isolation may not seem realistic, if one considers atoms in a gas or plasma then the time-scales for atom-atom interactions are huge in comparison to the atomic processes that are generally considered.

Sakharov, in association with Igor Tamm, proposed confining extremely hot ionized plasma by torus shaped magnetic fields for controlling thermonuclear fusion that led to the development of the tokamak device.

Plasma, which constitutes 55 % of blood fluid, is mostly water ( 92 % by volume ), and contains dissipated proteins, glucose, mineral ions, hormones, carbon dioxide ( plasma being the main medium for excretory product transportation ), and blood cells themselves.

In addition, if all human hemoglobin were free in the plasma rather than being contained in RBCs, the circulatory fluid would be too viscous for the cardiovascular system to function effectively.

If certain coordinate systems are used, for instance, polar-toroidal coordinates ( common in plasma physics ) using the notation ∇ × F will yield an incorrect result.

Bacteria also use the TCA cycle to generate energy, but since they lack mitochondria, the reaction sequence is performed in the cytosol with the proton gradient for ATP production being across the plasma membrane rather than the inner membrane of the mitochondria.

The E-corona ( E for emission ) is due to spectral emission lines produced by ions that are present in the coronal plasma ; it may be observed in broad or forbidden or hot spectral emission lines and is the main source of information about the corona's composition.

The plasma may cool rapidly in this region ( for a thermal instability ), creating dark filaments in the solar disk or prominences off the limb.

In-situ measurements are required before a definitive answer can be arrived at, but due to the high plasma temperatures in the corona, in-situ measurements are impossible ( at least for the time being ).

There has even been discussion about eliminating the necessity for an outside electrical source in ETC ignition by initiating the plasma cartridge through a small explosive force.

The Golgi apparatus tends to be larger and more numerous in cells that synthesise and secrete large amounts of substances ; for example, the plasma B cells and the antibody-secreting cells of the immune system have prominent Golgi complexes.

The side perspective is a view from above and to the side of the GPCR as it is set in the plasma membrane ( the membrane lipids have been omitted for clarity ).

Growth factor for plasma cells.

The sixteen instruments, weighing 118 kg altogether, included magnetometer sensors mounted on an 11 m boom to minimize interference from the spacecraft ; a plasma instrument for detecting low energy charged particles and a plasma wave detector to study waves generated by the particles ; a high energy particle detector ; and a detector of cosmic and Jovian dust.

Iron is removed from heme and salvaged for later use, it is stored as hemosiderin or ferritin in tissues and transported in plasma by beta globulins as transferins.

Many papers have since presented fabrication methods for producing superhydrophobic surfaces including particle deposition, sol-gel techniques, plasma treatments, vapor deposition, and casting techniques.

Hydrocodone may be quantitated in blood, plasma or urine to monitor for misuse, confirm a diagnosis of poisoning or assist in a medicolegal death investigation.

Fission based thermal rocket concepts produce lower exhaust velocities than the electric and plasma concepts described below, and are less suitable except for applications requiring high thrust-to-weight ratio, as in planetary escape.

Nuclear-electric or plasma engines, operating for long periods at low thrust and powered by fission reactors, can reach speeds much greater than chemically powered vehicles.