In 1961 the first important legislative victory of the Kennedy Administration came when the principle of national responsibility for local economic distress won out over a `` state's-responsibility '' proposal -- provision was made for payment for unemployment relief by nation-wide taxation rather than by a levy only on those states afflicted with manpower surplus.

The formal displacement of the geocentric principle far from being Copernicus' primary concern, was introduced only to resolve what seemed to him intolerable in orthodox astronomy, namely, the ' unphysical ' triplication of centric reference-points: one center from which the planet's distances were calculated, another around which planetary velocities were computed, and still a third center ( the earth ) from which the observations originated.

The men in power are committed in principle to modernization, but economic and social changes are proceeding only erratically.

The principle of `` bills only '', or `` bills preferably '', seems so strongly accepted by the Federal Reserve that it is difficult to envision conditions which would persuade the authorities to depart radically from it by extending their open market purchases regularly into long-term Government securities.

Also, as we now know, bosons also have antiparticles, but since bosons do not obey the Pauli exclusion principle ( only fermions do ), hole theory does not work for them.

In quantum field theory, this process is allowed only as an intermediate quantum state for times short enough that the violation of energy conservation can be accommodated by the uncertainty principle.

Critics of the SAP argue in favor of a weak anthropic principle ( WAP ) similar to the one defined by Brandon Carter, which states that the universe's ostensible fine tuning is the result of selection bias: i. e., only in a universe capable of eventually supporting life will there be living beings capable of observing any such fine tuning, while a universe less compatible with life will go unbeheld.

Lionel Curtis, writing in the imperialist journal The Round Table, wrote: " If the British Commonwealth can only be preserved by such means, it would become a negation of the principle for which it has stood ".

In almost all areas of the law ( even those where there is a statutory framework, such as contracts for the sale of goods, or the criminal law ), legislature-enacted statutes generally give only terse statements of general principle, and the fine boundaries and definitions exist only in the common law ( connotation 1 ).

# phylogenetic systematics, which uses the above together with the principle of only naming clades as its source of information for taxonomy.

But under orders of Spanish judge Baltasar Garzón, he was arrested there, attracting worldwide attention, not only because of the history of Chile and South America, but also because this was one of the first arrests of a former president based on the universal jurisdiction principle.

An attempt to increase majority elements by tweaking the system parameters ( more smaller districts, d ' Hondt method used ) by ČSSD and ODS during their " opposition agreement " 1998 – 2002 was vehemently opposed by smaller parties and blocked by the Constitutional Court as going too much against the constitution-stated proportional principle ; only a moderated form was adopted.

This teaching is the foundation of the Christian Science principle that disease – and any other adversity – can be cured through prayerful efforts, made possible only by God's grace, to fully understand this spiritual relationship.

One technique enforces the principle of least privilege to great extent, where an entity has only the privileges that are needed for its function.

Others, especially Protestants, reject the authority of such traditions and instead hold to the principle of sola scriptura, which accepts only the Bible itself as the final rule of faith and practice.

Although ancient Greek philosophers believed in individual virtue ethics, philosophers like " Plato, Aristotle, and the Stoics not accept the formal principle that whatever the good is, we should seek only our own good, or prefer it to the good of others.

" Moreover, " he basic principle of altruism is that man has no right to exist for his own sake, that service to others is the only justification for his existence, and that self-sacrifice is his highest moral duty, virtue or value.

According to Carnot's principle, work can only be done when there is a temperature difference, and the work should be some function of the difference in temperature and the heat absorbed.

Ernest Hemingway, who had the same publisher, accepted the principle that fart could be cut, on the grounds that no one should use words only to shock.

Such cases led to a general mistrust of food additives, and an application of the precautionary principle led to the conclusion that only additives that are known to be safe should be used in foods.

According to Newton's law of gravity, and independently verified by experiments such as that of Eötvös and its successors ( see Eötvös experiment ), there is a universality of free fall ( also known as the weak equivalence principle, or the universal equality of inertial and passive-gravitational mass ): the trajectory of a test body in free fall depends only on its position and initial speed, but not on any of its material properties.

While the description of strong and weak interactions within the Standard Model is based on gauge symmetries governed by the simple symmetry groups SU ( 3 ) and SU ( 2 ) which allow only discrete charges, the remaining component, the weak hypercharge interaction is described by an abelian symmetry U ( 1 ) which in principle allows for arbitrary charge assignments.

The UDHR included both economic, social and cultural rights and civil and political rights because it was based on the principle that the different rights could only successfully exist in combination:

The CJLS has also held that the Talmudic concept of Kavod HaBriyot permits lifting rabbinic decrees ( as distinct from carving narrow exceptions ) on grounds of human dignity, and used this principle in a December 2006 opinion lifting all rabbinic prohibitions on homosexual conduct ( the opinion held that only male-male anal sex was forbidden by the Bible and that this remained prohibited ).

In contrast, the KMT or pan-blue coalition agrees that the Republic of China is an independent and sovereign country that is not part of the PRC, but argues that a one China principle ( with different definitions across the strait ) can be used as the basis for talks with the PRC.

Along with Thomas Cromwell, he supported the principle of Royal Supremacy, in which the king was considered sovereign over the Church within his realm.

However, in Hans v. Louisiana,, the Supreme Court ruled that the amendment reflects a broader principle of sovereign immunity.

Victimless crimes are in the harm principle of John Stuart Mill, " victimless " from a position that considers the individual as the sole sovereign, to the exclusion of more abstract bodies such as a community or a state against which criminal offenses may be directed.

The anarchic ordering principle of the international structure is decentralized, having no formal central authority, and is composed of formally equal sovereign states.

# The Organization is based on the principle of the sovereign equality of all its Members.

The principle applied to most of the territories of the Empire, with the exception of the several of the sovereign families and Imperial cities and the Ecclesiastical principalities, whose issues were addressed under separate principles ( see Ecclesiastical reservation and Declaratio Ferdinandei ).

The old conflict between planned approaches to regional specialization and the principle of sovereign equality could not be avoided in any discussion of the mechanism for future cooperation.

Finland ’ s current form of government, which is currently incompatible with the conditions, requires a complete renewal and therefore has the Government now submitted a proposition for a new Constitution to the Parliament ’ s council, a proposition that is based on the principle that Finland is to be a sovereign republic.

In feudal law, Nulle terre sans seigneur is the principle that one provides services to the sovereign ( usually serving in his army ) for the right to receive land from the sovereign.

at 581 – 82 ( Curtis, J., dissenting ) ( arguing that " the Constitution has recognized the general principle of public law, that allegiance and citizenship depend on the place of birth " and that the " necessary conclusion is, that those persons born within the several States, who, by force of their respective Constitutions and laws, are citizens of the State, are thereby citizens of the United States ").</ ref > It has also been construed to mean something like " all under the sovereign jurisdiction and authority of the United States.

According to Mencius, “ Yang ’ s principle is, ‘ Each for himself ’ — which does not acknowledge the claims of the sovereign.

The Rulers of the Indian States became sovereign rulers from 18 July 1947, and in principle they were free to accede to either of the two dominions or to remain independent.

Bretislaus also wished to end the elective principle of succession and replace it with a type of seniorate as conceptualised by Bretislaus I: the eldest prince of the reigning family would hold Bohemia as sovereign over the entire state while the younger scions of the dynasty ruled as territorial dukes over the regions of Moravia.

Under the principle of sovereign immunity, real property of the government ( public property ) is ordinarily not subject to the claims of private parties.

Thus Shōtoku broke with Chinese principle that a non-Chinese sovereign was only allowed to call himself king but not emperor.

This legitimacy, which is exercised through the use of Parliamentary democracy ( see also Greek government debt crisis, National unity government, European sovereign debt crisis ), was essential to the western system of political power and modern government ;" The will of the people shall be the basis of the authority of government "," The people " identifies the entire body of the citizens of a jurisdiction invested with political power or gathered for political purposes '" or " Popular sovereignty or the sovereignty of the people is the political principle that the legitimacy of the state is created by the will or consent of its people, who are the source of all political power ", all of this Foucault calls the political technology of biopower.

The principle of postliminium, as a part of public international law, is a specific version of the maxim ex injuria jus non oritur, providing for the invalidity of all illegitimate acts that an occupant may have performed on a given territory after its recapture by the legitimate sovereign.

Ecclesia became, in principle, the sovereign body, entitled to pass laws and decrees, elect officials, and hear appeals from the most important decisions of the courts.

During the 19th century, it was recognised by legal positivists that a sovereign could limit its authority to act by consenting to an agreement according to the principle pacta sunt servanda.

The evidence is that the UK, US, USSR, and France all favoured the principle of unanimity, and that they were motivated in this not only by a belief in the desirability of the major powers acting together, but also by a hard-headed concern to protect their own sovereign rights and national interest.