In 1961 the first important legislative victory of the Kennedy Administration came when the principle of national responsibility for local economic distress won out over a `` state's-responsibility '' proposal -- provision was made for payment for unemployment relief by nation-wide taxation rather than by a levy only on those states afflicted with manpower surplus.

The formal displacement of the geocentric principle far from being Copernicus' primary concern, was introduced only to resolve what seemed to him intolerable in orthodox astronomy, namely, the ' unphysical ' triplication of centric reference-points: one center from which the planet's distances were calculated, another around which planetary velocities were computed, and still a third center ( the earth ) from which the observations originated.

The men in power are committed in principle to modernization, but economic and social changes are proceeding only erratically.

The principle of `` bills only '', or `` bills preferably '', seems so strongly accepted by the Federal Reserve that it is difficult to envision conditions which would persuade the authorities to depart radically from it by extending their open market purchases regularly into long-term Government securities.

Also, as we now know, bosons also have antiparticles, but since bosons do not obey the Pauli exclusion principle ( only fermions do ), hole theory does not work for them.

In quantum field theory, this process is allowed only as an intermediate quantum state for times short enough that the violation of energy conservation can be accommodated by the uncertainty principle.

Critics of the SAP argue in favor of a weak anthropic principle ( WAP ) similar to the one defined by Brandon Carter, which states that the universe's ostensible fine tuning is the result of selection bias: i. e., only in a universe capable of eventually supporting life will there be living beings capable of observing any such fine tuning, while a universe less compatible with life will go unbeheld.

Lionel Curtis, writing in the imperialist journal The Round Table, wrote: " If the British Commonwealth can only be preserved by such means, it would become a negation of the principle for which it has stood ".

In almost all areas of the law ( even those where there is a statutory framework, such as contracts for the sale of goods, or the criminal law ), legislature-enacted statutes generally give only terse statements of general principle, and the fine boundaries and definitions exist only in the common law ( connotation 1 ).

# phylogenetic systematics, which uses the above together with the principle of only naming clades as its source of information for taxonomy.

But under orders of Spanish judge Baltasar Garzón, he was arrested there, attracting worldwide attention, not only because of the history of Chile and South America, but also because this was one of the first arrests of a former president based on the universal jurisdiction principle.

An attempt to increase majority elements by tweaking the system parameters ( more smaller districts, d ' Hondt method used ) by ČSSD and ODS during their " opposition agreement " 1998 – 2002 was vehemently opposed by smaller parties and blocked by the Constitutional Court as going too much against the constitution-stated proportional principle ; only a moderated form was adopted.

This teaching is the foundation of the Christian Science principle that disease – and any other adversity – can be cured through prayerful efforts, made possible only by God's grace, to fully understand this spiritual relationship.

One technique enforces the principle of least privilege to great extent, where an entity has only the privileges that are needed for its function.

Others, especially Protestants, reject the authority of such traditions and instead hold to the principle of sola scriptura, which accepts only the Bible itself as the final rule of faith and practice.

Although ancient Greek philosophers believed in individual virtue ethics, philosophers like " Plato, Aristotle, and the Stoics not accept the formal principle that whatever the good is, we should seek only our own good, or prefer it to the good of others.

" Moreover, " he basic principle of altruism is that man has no right to exist for his own sake, that service to others is the only justification for his existence, and that self-sacrifice is his highest moral duty, virtue or value.

According to Carnot's principle, work can only be done when there is a temperature difference, and the work should be some function of the difference in temperature and the heat absorbed.

Ernest Hemingway, who had the same publisher, accepted the principle that fart could be cut, on the grounds that no one should use words only to shock.

Such cases led to a general mistrust of food additives, and an application of the precautionary principle led to the conclusion that only additives that are known to be safe should be used in foods.

According to Newton's law of gravity, and independently verified by experiments such as that of Eötvös and its successors ( see Eötvös experiment ), there is a universality of free fall ( also known as the weak equivalence principle, or the universal equality of inertial and passive-gravitational mass ): the trajectory of a test body in free fall depends only on its position and initial speed, but not on any of its material properties.

While the description of strong and weak interactions within the Standard Model is based on gauge symmetries governed by the simple symmetry groups SU ( 3 ) and SU ( 2 ) which allow only discrete charges, the remaining component, the weak hypercharge interaction is described by an abelian symmetry U ( 1 ) which in principle allows for arbitrary charge assignments.

The UDHR included both economic, social and cultural rights and civil and political rights because it was based on the principle that the different rights could only successfully exist in combination:

The CJLS has also held that the Talmudic concept of Kavod HaBriyot permits lifting rabbinic decrees ( as distinct from carving narrow exceptions ) on grounds of human dignity, and used this principle in a December 2006 opinion lifting all rabbinic prohibitions on homosexual conduct ( the opinion held that only male-male anal sex was forbidden by the Bible and that this remained prohibited ).

Since by the principle of optimality the remaining stages use an optimal Af-stage policy with respect to Af, we may enter section Af of the table at this state Af and read off the optimal policy for stage Af and the resulting state Af.

The naming dispute was resolved with the 1920 plebiscites and partition, each side applying its preferred name to the part of the territory remaining in its possession – though both terms can, in principle, still refer to the entire region.

The doctrine of the pre-established harmony also loses its metaphysical significance – while remaining an important heuristic device – and the principle of sufficient reason introduced by Leibniz is once more discarded in favor of the principle of contradiction which Wolff seeks to make the fundamental principle of philosophy.

Consequently, the principle is universal in the United States either in Model Penal Code jurisdictions ( 40 states ) or those remaining common law jurisdictions influenced by the reasoning in R v Brown.

However, that offer was not well received, and on 22 July, the Administrators announced that the principle remaining assets of the group had been sold to the Nanjing Automobile Group for around £ 53M, with a deposit of around $ 5M.

If a map labeling problem can be reduced to a situation in which each remaining label has only two potential positions in which it can be placed, then it may be solved efficiently by using an instance of 2-satisfiability to find a placement avoiding any conflicting pairs of placements ; several exact and approximate label placement algorithms for more complex types of problems are based on this principle.

The principle of taqiyya became very important for Muslims during the Inquisition in sixteenth century Spain, as it allowed them to convert to Christianity while remaining crypto-Muslims, practicing Islam in secret.

The other principle large open green spaces include Macdonald Experimental Farm and the remaining tracts of open land around the Morgan Arboretum in Senneville and western Pierrefonds.

We can also accomplish the same thing by first " selecting " the lowest value from the inputs and then sort the remaining values recursively ( using the principle behind bubble sort ).

Founded by a wool merchant, they established communities scattered around Italy and France, organized on the principle of a simple way of life for the laity, who shared their goods while remaining in family units.

On the suggestion of Hailsham it was agreed to suspend the principle of Collective Responsibility and allow the Liberals to oppose the introduction of tariffs while remaining in government.

The 2080 software concept was developed from 2005 by elaborating on the existing Pareto principle, or " 80 / 20 " rule which states, in short, that in IT projects 80 per cent of the work is done before 20 per cent of completion time, and the remaining 20 per cent will take up 80 per cent of the time.

The remaining members redoubled their efforts, adopted " one member, one vote " as a management principle, and expanded aggressively.

Obviously, the goal here proposed is the guiding principle in Mr. Justice Frankfurter's opinions -- to the extent that Congress leaves the problem to judicial discretion.

David Chalmers has argued that A-consciousness can in principle be understood in mechanistic terms, but that understanding P-consciousness is much more challenging: he calls this the hard problem of consciousness.

In principle, it is possible to solve the Schrödinger equation in either its time-dependent or time-independent form, as appropriate for the problem in hand ; in practice, this is not possible except for very small systems.

In this context, a computational problem is understood to be a task that is in principle amenable to being solved by a computer ( i. e. the problem can be stated by a set of mathematical instructions ).

Experts, however, categorize problems based upon their deep structures ( i. e., the main physics principle used to solve the problem ).

Their findings also suggest that while the schemas of both novices and experts are activated by the same features of a problem statement, the experts ’ schemas contain more procedural knowledge which aid in determining which principle to apply, and novices ’ schemas contain mostly declarative knowledge which do not aid in determining methods for solution.

This was unlikely to be a problem, since it is a generally accepted principle of private international law that states determine their currencies, and that therefore states would accept the European Union legislation to that effect.

In the classical interpretation, probability was defined in terms of the principle of indifference, based on the natural symmetry of a problem, so, e. g. the probabilities of dice games arise from the natural symmetric 6-sidedness of the cube.

He claims to demonstrate that because knowledge can only be had through contingent ( imperfect ) experience, the notion of absolute, uncontingent knowledge must not actually be obtainable, but must function merely as a “ regulative principle ” or heuristic device for problem solving.

So in principle, any problem that can be solved ( decided ) by a Turing machine can be solved by a computer that has a bounded amount of memory.

A computer with access to an infinite tape of data is sometimes more powerful than a Turing machine, because the tape can in principle contain the solution to the halting problem, or some other undecidable problem.

The Novikov self-consistency principle, also known as the Novikov self-consistency conjecture, is a principle developed by Russian physicist Igor Dmitriyevich Novikov in the mid-1980s to solve the problem of paradoxes in time travel, which is theoretically permitted in certain solutions of general relativity ( solutions containing what are known as closed timelike curves ).

Direct conversion of the kinetic energy of the fusion products into electricity is in principle possible and would mitigate this problem.

In principle, the Bussard ramjet avoids this problem by not carrying fuel with it.

This problem was solved, in principle, according to Dr. Bussard by use of the stellar CNO cycle in which carbon is used as a catalyst to burn hydrogen via the strong nuclear reaction.

Another mistake was his treatment of circular motion, but this was more fruitful in that it led others to identify circular motion as a problem raised by the principle of inertia.

The principal trainer acts as a facilitator who uses a high percentage of open questions to allow the participants to reflect critically on their own way of thinking, feeling, or behaving in a given context-usually involving a problem or desired outcome-and guiding participants to form the conclusion or an axiom / principle / belief through their own efforts, potentially highlighting dissonance, conflicts of thought and actions with questions for further discussion.

:: This principle, that consciousness causes the collapse, is the point of intersection between quantum mechanics and the mind / body problem ; and researchers are working to detect conscious events correlated with physical events that, according to quantum theory, should involve a wave function collapse ; but, thus far, results are inconclusive.

A main problem with depictions is to define what constitutes a mythological scene, for any given scene might in principle also represent a moment in a ritual sequence, a visual metaphor stemming from oral literature, a scene from mundane life, or a historical event.

Andreas Björklund provided an alternative approach using the inclusion – exclusion principle to reduce the problem of counting the number of Hamiltonian cycles to a simpler counting problem, of counting cycle covers, which can be solved by computing certain matrix determinants.

This principle was discussed at length by the various delegates, who finally reached agreement on the specifics of its wording after examining the problem and the proposed solution from every possible angle.