In rare cases, diseases such as encephalitis or a pituitary tumor may damage the appestat permanently, destroying nearly all sense of satiety.

Relief in post-conviction is rare and is most often found in capital or violent felony cases.

AHL is relatively rare ( less than 100 cases have been reported in the medical literature as of 2006 ), it is seen in about 2 % of ADEM cases, and is characterized by necrotizing vasculitis of venules and hemorrhage, and edema.

However, for most alloys there is a particular proportion of constituents ( in rare cases two )— the eutectic mixture — which gives the alloy a unique melting point.

Convictions have resulted in seizure of diving gear, boats, and motor vehicles as well as fines and in rare cases, imprisonment.

In rare cases a linguist may represent phonemes with abstract symbols, such as dingbats, so as not to privilege any one allophone.

In rare cases such as Chediak Higashi Syndrome, albinism may be associated with deficiencies in the transportation of melanin granules.

In some rare cases when a person has become trapped in a deserted place, with no means of communication or hope of rescue, the victim has amputated his or her own limb:

Roughly 88 % of people affected with AVM are asymptomatic ; often the malformation is discovered as part of an autopsy or during treatment of an unrelated disorder ( called in medicine " an incidental finding "); in rare cases its expansion or a micro-bleed from an AVM in the brain can cause epilepsy, deficit or pain.

There are even reports of humans who normally walk on all fours with their feet but not their knees on the ground, but these cases are a result of conditions such as Uner Tan syndrome — very rare genetic neurological disorders rather than normal behavior.

Employing this schema, major depression would be denoted D. Unipolar mania ( M ) is, depending on the authority cited, either very rare, or nonexistent with such cases actually being Md.

Today however, as a result of steady improvements in the organization of the penal system, such cases are very rare, if not practically non-existent.

It needs to be mentioned also that two substituents on an atom may, in rare cases, be geometrical isomers.

It is possible in rare cases that two substituents on an atom differ only in their absolute configuration ( R or S ).

* The two-minute warning is not used in college football, except in rare cases where the scoreboard clock has malfunctioned and is not being used.

Less common side-effects may include cardiac arrhythmias, blurry or double vision and / or the temporary loss of blood cells or platelets and in rare cases can cause aplastic anemia.

With normal use, small reductions in white cell count and serum sodium are common ; however, in rare cases, the loss of platelets may become life-threatening.

If left untreated, it is possible for chlamydia in men to spread to the testicles causing epididymitis, which in rare cases can cause sterility if not treated within 6 to 8 weeks.

He is not aware of all of his powers at the start of the show ; for instance, his heat vision and super breath do not develop until seasons two and six, respectively, and his power of flight did not emerge until the series finale, up until that point the power appeared only in a few rare cases, such as when he was temporarily're-programmed ' to assume a Kryptonian persona or when he was trapped in a virtual reality.

Spinal manipulation is frequently associated with mild to moderate adverse effects, with serious or fatal complications in rare cases.

Sometimes hands, or in rare cases, the back of heads would also be seen.

Despite its rare use, Italian orthography allows the circumflex accent ( î ) too, in two cases: it can be found in old literary context ( roughly up to 19th century ) to signal a syncope ( fêro → fecero, they did ), or in modern Italian to signal the contraction of ″- ii ″ due to the plural ending-i whereas the root ends with another-i ; e. g., s. demonio, p. demonii → demonî ; in this case the circumflex also signals that the word intended is not demoni, plural of " demone " by shifting the accent ( demònî, " devils "; dèmoni, " demons ").

Some anticonvulsant medications do not have primary FDA-approved uses in epilepsy but are used in limited trials, remain in rare use in difficult cases, have limited " grandfather " status, are bound to particular severe epilepsies, or are under current investigation.

In bacteria and archaea, GUG and UUG are common start codons, but in rare cases, certain proteins may use alternative start codons not normally used by that species.

In game theory, behavioural ecology, and evolutionary psychology, an evolutionarily stable strategy ( ESS ) is a strategy which, if adopted by a population of players in a given environment, cannot be invaded by any alternative strategy that is initially rare.

It is a term coined by Stephen Jay Gould and Niles Eldredge to contrast with their model of punctuated equilibrium, which is gradualist itself, but argues that most evolution is marked by long periods of evolutionary stability ( called stasis ), which is punctuated by rare instances of branching evolution.

Punctuated equilibrium, bottom, consists of Morphology ( biology ) | morphological stability and rare bursts of evolutionary change

When significant evolutionary change occurs, the theory proposes that it is generally restricted to rare and geologically rapid events of branching speciation called cladogenesis.

The theory proposes that most evolution is marked by long periods of evolutionary stability, which is punctuated by rare instances of branching evolution.

Punctuated equilibrium, bottom, consists of Morphology ( biology ) | morphological stability and rare, relatively rapid bursts of evolutionary change.

On rare, but significant, occasions this may facilitate evolutionary changes that would not otherwise occur, or that would otherwise take even longer.

Hofstadter later recognized ( what he saw as ) the influence of Darwinist and other evolutionary ideas upon those with collectivist views, enough to devise a term for the phenomenon, “ Darwinist collectivism .” Before Hofstadter's work the use of the term in English academic journals was quite rare.

The duplicated pseudogenic DNA can be resurrected to a functional protein in certain cases as a rare or occasional evolutionary event and may enable sampling of more sequence space for a protein or protein family.

It was then argued in scientific journals that mental disorders were rare under conditions of slavery but became more common following emancipation, and later that mental illness in African Americans was due to evolutionary factors or various negative characteristics, and that they were not suitable for therapeutic intervention.

One of these rare evolutionary events, about two billion years before the present, made it possible for certain eukaryotes and energy-producing prokaryotes to coexist and mutually benefit from their symbiosis.

His reasoning was that the specific conditions for group selection to take hold, namely the repeated isolation, mixture, and reisolation of organisms would be so rare and unlikely to occur in nature that it was almost certainly not a significant evolutionary force.

And while Melicope species are dioecious ( individual plants only bear either male or female flowers ), the flowers of Platydesma are hermaphroditic, suggesting a rare evolutionary reversion away from dioecy in Platydesma.

A number of such circumstances are set out below under the following headings: galactic habitable zone, a central star and planetary system having the requisite character, the circumstellar habitable zone, the size of the planet, the advantage of a large satellite, conditions needed to assure the planet has a magnetosphere and plate tectonics, the chemistry of the lithosphere, atmosphere, and oceans, the role of " evolutionary pumps " such as massive glaciation and rare bolide impacts, and whatever led to the still mysterious Cambrian explosion of animal phyla.

Along the same lines, parsimony is often characterized as implicitly adopting the philosophical position that evolutionary change is rare, or that homoplasy ( convergence and reversal ) is minimal in evolution.

The grandmother hypothesis is a theory to explain the existence of menopause, rare in mammal species, in human life history and how a long post-fertile period ( up to one third of a woman's lifespan ) could confer an evolutionary advantage.

The aviary features 300 rare birds of 70 species in a temperate mixed forest, and highlights their evolutionary connection to dinosaurs.

They were rare during the Silurian but underwent a dramatic evolutionary radiation during the Devonian period, reaching peak development in variety and numbers.

Punctuated equilibrium, bottom, consists of Morphology ( biology ) | morphological stability and rare bursts of evolutionary change