Today, paraboloid reflectors can be commonly observed throughout much of the world in microwave and satellite dish receiving and transmitting antennas.

These antennas may operate either as transmitting or receiving antennas

For establishing Fresnel zones, first determine the RF Line of Sight ( RF LoS ), which in simple terms is a straight line between the transmitting and receiving antennas.

For receiving antennas, the ratio of received-signal strength when the antenna is rotated 180 °.

All radio transmitting and receiving antennas are intrinsically polarized, special use of which is made in radar.

It is a fundamental property of antennas that the receiving pattern ( sensitivity as a function of direction ) of an antenna when used for receiving is identical to the far-field radiation pattern of the antenna when used for transmitting.

It will be assumed that the two antennas are sufficiently far apart that the properties of the transmitting antenna are not affected by the load placed upon it by the receiving antenna.

where and are directionally dependent properties of the transmitting and receiving antennas respectively.

In receiving antennas, incoming radio waves are gathered and focused by the antenna's reflector on the feed horn, which converts them to a tiny radio frequency voltage which is amplified by the receiver.

As the spacecraft traveled on its outbound trajectory to the orbit of Jupiter, the downlink signal would have eventually fallen below the receiving capability of even the largest antennas ( 70 m in diameter ) of the Deep Space Network.

The radio horizon of the transmitting and receiving antennas can be added together to increase the effective communication range.

The satellite communications portion of the C-band is highly associated with television receive-only satellite reception systems, commonly called " big dish " systems, since small receiving antennas are not optimal for C-band systems.

Jamming can be defeated by using very efficient transmitting antennas, carefully choosing the transmitted frequency, changing transmitted frequency often, using Single Sideband, and properly aiming the receiving antenna.

The requirements for receiving antennas are less stringent, because the transmitter power is generally high to overcome atmospheric noise.

Atmospheric noise and not receiver noise determines the signal to noise ratio, so small inefficient receiving antennas can be used.

Hertz placed dipole antennas at the focal point of parabolic reflectors for both transmitting and receiving.

It is a fundamental property of antennas that the electrical characteristics of an antenna described in the next section, such as gain, radiation pattern, impedance, bandwidth, resonant frequency and polarization, are the same whether the antenna is transmitting or receiving.

Radiation from the feed that falls outside the edge of the dish is called " spillover " and is wasted, reducing the gain and increasing the backlobes, possibly causing interference or ( in receiving antennas ) increasing susceptibility to ground noise.

With two such antennas, one used for transmitting and the other for receiving, Hertz demonstrated the existence of radio waves which had been predicted by James Clerk Maxwell some 22 years earlier.

Terrestrial television is a mode of television broadcasting which does not involve satellite transmission or cables — typically using radio waves through transmitting and receiving antennas or television antenna aerials.

The rise of digital terrestrial television, especially high-definition television ( HDTV ), may mark an end to the decline of broadcast television reception via traditional receiving antennas, which can receive over-the-air HDTV signals.

Each complex consists of at least four deep space terminals equipped with ultra-sensitive receiving systems and large parabolic-dish antennas.

It also reduces the likelihood of a patient receiving significantly more amnesic drugs than actually necessary to do the job.

An area receiving bright light for many hours reduces their development.

This credit reduces the minimum participation rates the state must achieve to continue receiving federal funding.

Other miracles recounted in Raymond of Capua's biography include her reception of the stigmata and her receiving communion from Christ himself.

His 193 receiving yards and his 235 total offensive yards were both Super Bowl records, and his 80-yard touchdown reception in the second quarter also tied a Super Bowl record.

After this, the celebrations shift to a reception at which the newly married couple, as the guests of honor, and the hosts and perhaps members of the wedding party greet the guests in a receiving line.

** The Beatles arrive from England at New York City's JFK International Airport, receiving a tumultuous reception from a throng of screaming fans, marking the first occurrence of " Beatlemania " in the United States.

Technically, to be a reception, instead of some other form of entertainment, guests must be greeted with a receiving line.

A blind transmission, in telecommunications, is a transmission made without obtaining a receipt, or acknowledgment of reception, from the intended receiving station.

In asynchronous serial communication, start signals are used at the beginning of a character that prepares the receiving device for the reception of the code elements.

# In asynchronous serial communication, a signal at the end of a character that prepares the receiving device for the reception of a subsequent character.

The Jesuits encouraged Catholics, including those struggling with sin, to receive Holy Communion frequently, arguing that Christ instituted it as a means to holiness for sinners, and stating that the only requirement for receiving Communion ( apart from baptism ) was that the communicant be free of mortal sin at the time of reception.

Post-Beefheart, receiving only a " grumpy " reception from him, the band reformed in 2003 with John French on lead vocals, Gary Lucas and Denny Walley on guitars, Rockette Morton on bass, and Robert Williams on drums.

The Oil of Catechumens is used to anoint the catechumens ( adults preparing for reception into the church ) just before receiving the Sacrament of Baptism.

On the receiving side, similar steps ( usually in the reverse order ) such as reception of the IP packets, decoding of the packets and digital-to-analog conversion reproduce the original voice stream.

For receiving FTA signals the replacement should be capable of dual C / K < sub > u </ sub > reception with linear polarization, for DBS it will need a high band K < sub > u </ u > LNBF using circular polarization.

In July 1929, increasingly demoralised by the poor reception his new work was receiving, Joyce approached his friend James Stephens about the possibility of his completing the book.

" While the Council had declared that reception of communion under one form alone deprived the communicant of no grace necessary to salvation, theologians admitted that receiving under both forms may confer a greater grace either in itself ( a minority view ) or only accidentally ( the majority view ).

In the Gospel of Luke Jesus heals ten lepers and only the Samaritan among them thanks him (), although depicts Jesus receiving a hostile reception in Samaria.

* After receiving a frosty reception from a local villager, Paul McGann's character in the film Withnail and I says, " That's not the attitude I'd been given to expect from the H. E.

For example, the " receiving pattern " ( sensitivity as a function of direction ) of an antenna when used for reception is identical to the radiation pattern of the antenna when it is driven and functions as a radiator.

Vasco da Gama was the first known European to visit Mombasa, receiving a chilly reception in 1498.

The start signal serves to prepare the receiving mechanism for the reception and registration of a symbol and the stop signal serves to bring the receiving mechanism to rest in preparation for the reception of the next symbol.