Extracellular signals may include toxins, hormones, growth factors, nitric oxide or cytokines, that must either cross the plasma membrane or transduce to effect a response.

In ultra high fidelity amplifier design, the amp's frequency response should extend considerably beyond this ( one or more octaves either side ) and might have points < 10 Hz and >.

The diagnosis is validated by the quick response to either benzodiazepines or electroconvulsive therapy ( ECT ).

# Make sure patient is in an actual comatose state and is not mistaken for locked-in state ( patient will either be able to voluntarily move his eyes or blink ) or psychogenic unresponsiveness ( caloric stimulation of the vestibular apparatus will result in slow deviation of eyes towards the stimulation followed by rapid correction to mid-line ; this response can't be voluntarily suppressed: therefore, if the patient doesn't have this response, then psychogenic coma can be ruled out as a differential )

Finally, the Quadra is a song where the same verse is repeated four times, either three singer verses followed by one chorus response, or one verse and one response.

The Butterworth filter has the poorest transition but has a more even response, avoiding ripples in either the passband or stopband.

In response to Locke, he put forth in his Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge ( 1710 ) an important challenge to empiricism in which things only exist either as a result of their being perceived, or by virtue of the fact that they are an entity doing the perceiving.

At some point, the server may be ordered to start a game ; in response, it creates game players ( nations ) and the game map, and assigns every player to either a Freeciv client or a computer player, as specified by the configuration.

Most hormones initiate a cellular response by initially combining with either a specific intracellular or cell membrane associated receptor protein.

Hypertext documents can either be static ( prepared and stored in advance ) or dynamic ( continually changing in response to user input ).

In response to these criticisms, proponents such as Tim Dinsdale, Peter Scott and Roy Mackal postulate a trapped marine creature that evolved either from a plesiosaur or to the shape of a plesiosaur by convergent evolution.

This is avoided either by applying an alternating current or by reversing the polarity of the electric field as the device is addressed ( the response of the liquid crystal layer is identical, regardless of the polarity of the applied field ).

This response to the paradox is, in effect, the rejection of the claim that every statement has to be either true or false, also known as the principle of bivalence, a concept related to the law of the excluded middle.

The meta element has two uses: either to emulate the use of the HTTP response header, or to embed additional metadata within the HTML document.

Benjamin Zablocki and Alberto Amitrani interpreted the APA's response as meaning that there was no unanimous decision on the issue either way, suggesting also that Singer retained the respect of the psychological community after the incident.

Structuralism was a broad philosophical movement that developed particularly in France in the 1950s, partly in response to French Existentialism, but is considered by many to be an exponent of High-Modernism, though its categorization as either a Modernist or Postmodernist trend is contested.

p53 becomes activated in response to a myriad of stress types, which include but are not limited to DNA damage ( induced by either UV, IR, or chemical agents such as hydrogen peroxide ), oxidative stress, osmotic shock, ribonucleotide depletion, and deregulated oncogene expression.

Following the Armistice, South Korea and the U. S. agreed to a " Mutual Defense Treaty ", under which an attack on either party in the Pacific area would summon a response from both.

In either case, a responder who rebids notrump over a response in a major suit promises four cards of the other major suit.

In that case, the theist appears to face a dilemma: either to accept that both sets of responses are equally bad, and so that the theist does not have an adequate response to the problem of evil ; or to accept that both responses are equally good, and so to consider the existence of an omnipotent, omniscient, and omnimalevolent being as plausible.

Because many of the passages involved appear in works associated with either Deuteronomy, the Deuteronomistic History ( Joshua through Kings ) or in Jeremiah, most recent scholarly treatments have suggested that a Deuteronomistic movement of this period developed the idea of monotheism as a response to the religious issues of the time.

The cause is now thought to be either a bacterial agent or an autoimmune response following infection.

Political action, either to promote or oppose the gentrification, is often the community's response against unintended economic eviction.

The blood sugar response rises depending on how quickly the carbohydrates are absorbed.

Long response times can be annoying to a viewer depending on the type of data being displayed and how rapidly the image is changing or moving.

The frequency response specification of a speaker " attempts to describe the range of frequencies or musical tones a speaker can reproduce, measured in Hertz " Subwoofers vary in terms of the range of pitches that they can reproduce, depending on a number of factors such as the size of the cabinet and the construction and design of the enclosure and driver ( s ).

In the retinal ganglion cells there are two types of response, depending on the receptive field of the cell.

An animal defending against a predator may engage in either " fight or flight " in response to predator attack or threat of attack, depending on its estimate of the predator's strength relative to its own.

Studies on people show that the HPA axis is activated in different ways during chronic stress depending on the type of stressor, the person's response to the stressor and other factors.

The enteric nervous system has the capacity to alter its response depending on such factors as bulk and nutrient composition.

Secretin is released into circulation and / or intestinal lumen in response to low duodenal pH that ranges between 2 and 4. 5 depending on species.

The degree of involvement of the public official in the drafting of response letters varies, depending on the nature of the letter, its contents, the importance of the official and the sender, and personal preference.

Although simply hearing about shocking public events may result in arousal, the strength of this response likely varies depending on the individual's personal experience with the events.

Frequency response requirements differ depending on the application.

White sometimes plays 2. Nf3 and 3. c3, which depending on Black's response may rule out certain lines.

In invertebrates, depending on the neurotransmitter released and the type of receptor it binds, the response in the muscle fiber could either be excitatory or inhibitory.

In response to the poor economy, as well as competitor BJ's Wholesale Club's decision in April to accept electronic food-stamp benefits chainwide, Costco announced in May 2009 that it will accept food stamps on a trial basis in two New York City stores starting in June 2009 and depending on its success, might expand it to all New York City stores.

These may be indicated instead on a companion diagram, called a " Kinetic diagram ", " Inertial response diagram ", or the equivalent, depending on the author.

In the longer term, however, the loss of government income may be mitigated, depending on the response of tax-payers.

Additionally, the response may be localized to a specific organ ( depending on the metabolic needs of a particular tissue, as during strenuous exercise ), or it may be systemic ( seen throughout the entire systemic circulation ).

3. Nc3 is a common transpositional device for White, who can play 4. d4 or 4. Bb5 next move depending on Black's response.

In digital systems the detection of these sides or action taken in response is termed edge-triggered, rising or falling depending on which side of rectangular pulse.

These technicians remain busy during the show, making sure the SR system is operating properly and that the system is tuned correctly, as the acoustic response of a room will respond differently throughout the day depending on the temperature, humidity, and number of people in the room.

These include electrochromic materials, which change their colour or opacity on the application of a voltage ( e. g. liquid crystal displays ), thermochromic materials change in colour depending on their temperature, and photochromic materials, which change colour in response to light — for example, light sensitive sunglasses that darken when exposed to bright sunlight.

The amount of recovery time varies greatly depending upon the location, severity, the strength of the body's healing response and an individual's nutritional intake.

The response came weeks later in early June, when the military was called in and, in a night of bloodshed and chaos, killed — depending on reports — hundreds to thousands of protesters.

The response rates among treated severe " allergic " asthma patients are 60-80 % or higher, probably depending on the patient screening procedures used by the various clinical groups of different specialties.