However, they soon began to loot the holy places of Lhasa, which brought a swift response from Emperor Kangxi in 1718 ; but his military expedition was annihilated by the Dzungars, not far from Lhasa.

When in AD 451, Emperor Marcianus attempted to heal divisions in the Church, the response of Pope Dioscorus – the Pope of Alexandria who was later exiled – was that the emperor should not intervene in the affairs of the Church.

Many historians maintain that the main concern of Pope Urban II, when calling for the First Crusade, was the threat to Constantinople from the Turkish invasion of Asia Minor in response to the appeal of Emperor Alexios I Komnenos.

Rescripts, authoritative interpretations issued by the Emperor in response to demands from disputants in both public and private cases, were a common duty of second-and third-century Emperors.

In response, Bardas ' nephew, the youthful Emperor Michael III engineered Ignatius's deposition and confinement on the charge of treason.

At this point, Emperor Menelik turned to France, offering a treaty of alliance ; the French response was to abandon the Emperor to secure Italian approval of the Treaty of Bardo which would secure French control of Tunisia.

In response, the Emperor organized another expedition against the Polish King, this time by organizing a coalition against Mieszko II.

In response, the Emperor suspended his previous order and summoned both parties to appear for judgment before him and other Italian bishops on 8 February.

Annoyed by their actions, Gregory's response was to insist upon the primacy of St Peter's successor, the papacy being superior to the Emperor.

In response, Emperor Aurangzeb threatens to end to all English trading in India.

In response to the murder of Pertinax, Severus ' soldiers proclaimed him Emperor at Carnuntum, whereupon he hurried to Italy.

In response, Emperor Aurangzeb threatens to put an end to all English trading in India.

* The Grand Canal of China is reinstated by this year after it had fallen out of use ; restoration began in 1411, and was a response by the Yongle Emperor of the Ming Dynasty to improve the grain shipment system of tribute traveling from south to north towards his new capital at Beijing.

* May 20 – Cola di Rienzo, a Roman commoner, declares himself Emperor of Rome in response to years of baronic power-struggles.

On 20 May Cola di Rienzo, a Roman commoner, declared himself Emperor of Rome in front of a huge crowd in response to what had been several years of power struggles among the upper-class barony.

* Three Apologetic Treatises against those Decrying the Holy Images – These treatises were among his earliest expositions in response to the edict by the Byzantine Emperor Leo III, banning the veneration or exhibition of holy images.

In response, the Emperor sent three envoys to negotiate with Attila: Gennadius Avienus, one of the consuls of 450, Memmius Aemilius Trygetius, the former urban prefect, and Leo.

In response to Bolesław ’ s aggressive foreign policy, German king and Holy Roman Emperor Henry V undertook a punitive expedition against Poland in 1109.

He had been recalled by the new Emperor Justin II in response to Italian petitions over his oppressive taxation.

Before his death, however, Patriarch Sergius I of Constantinople had drawn up the Ecthesis in response to the orthodox synodical letter of Sophronius, the Patriarch of Jerusalem, and on learning of the death of Pope Honorius had convinced the Emperor to issue this document as an imperial edict in December 638, thus valid across the entire empire.

In response the Roman Church refused to recognize the new Emperor and his patriarch.

In response to this insult the Yongle Emperor sent two armies led by Marquis Zhang Fu and Marquis Mu Sheng to conquer Vietnam.

The Manifesto was issued by Emperor Nicholas II, under the influence of Count Sergei Witte, on as a response to the Russian Revolution of 1905.

The response of reunification supporters is that closer ties with mainland China, especially economic ones, are in the interest of Taiwan.

In response, this claim is rejected by the government of the Republic of China, which views itself as an independent sovereign country and equally refuses to recognize the existence of the mainland People's Republic of China.

A great many number are themselves refugees and dissidents which fled mainland China, either directly or through Hong Kong or Taiwan, during the founding of the People's Republic of China and the subsequent periods of destructive policies such as the Land Reform, the Anti-Rightist Movement, Great Leap Forward, or the Cultural Revolution, Hong Kong anti-Communist immigrants who fled Hong Kong in light of the Handover to the PRC in 1997, or Mainlanders living in Taiwan who moved to the West in response to the Taiwanization movement.

However, partly in response to the Asian financial crisis in 1998, China has been concerned that the mainland Chinese financial system would not be able to handle the potential rapid cross-border movements of hot money, and as a result, as of 2012, the currency trades within a narrow band specified by the Chinese central government.

The fighting continued in Northern Norway until the Allies evacuated in early June in response to the German invasion of France and the Norwegian forces in mainland Norway laid down their arms at midnight on 9 June.

Chen defended his action as a response to the military threat from mainland China.

In response to the Cultural Revolution of China, the government of Taiwan began promoting the Chinese Cultural Renaissance " ( 中華文化復興運動 ), with a myriad of programs designed to promote traditional Chinese culture to counter the communist movement on the mainland which aimed at uprooting the " Four Olds ".

In response to the impact of DFTD on Tasmanian devil populations, 47 devils have been shipped to mainland Australian wildlife parks to attempt to preserve the genetic diversity of the species.

In response, Deng Xiaoping cited clearly the lack of room for compromise on the question of sovereignty over Hong Kong ; the PRC, as the successor of Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China on the mainland, would recover the entirety of the New Territories, Kowloon and Hong Kong Island.

The Japanese suspected that they might meet resistance when they attempted to occupy Taiwan, and their invasion of Taiwan, hastily launched in late May 1895 in response to the proclamation of the Republic of Formosa, was preceded by an attack on Qing forces on Penghu in March 1895, in which the Japanese defeated the Chinese garrison of the islands and occupied Makung.

In response, the Qing Dynasty formed the first assembly in 1910, but it was virtually powerless and intended only as an advisory body.

The revolution arose mainly in response to the decline of the Qing state, which had proven ineffective in its efforts to modernize China and confront new challenges presented by foreign powers, and was exacerbated by ethnic resentment against the ruling Manchu minority.

After conquering Hunan, Wu Sangui did not wait for a response from Wang Fuchen and moved his armies north, while the Qing forces concentrated on recapturing Hunan.

In the 1870s the Qing government reversed its policy of prohibiting entry to Manchuria, and began allowing Han Chinese settlers into the territory in response to growing Russian encroachment.

The Jilin general-governor Ming-An's official response was to lodge a protest to the Joseon government and offer to allow the Korean population to stay if they agreed to become Manchu subjects and adopt Qing customs and dress.

Joseon's response was to encourage the farmers not to register as Qing subjects but to return to Korea within the year.

The film emphasizes the anti-Christian aspects of the Boxer Rebellion, with only one scene ( when the Empress Dowager states that most of China is under the control of the foreign powers ) expanding on this being a response to the numerous " unequal treaties " the foreigners had imposed on the Qing Dynasty.

Later, in 1816, the Qing government built the first two forts on both sides of the Haihe estuary in response to increased concerns about seaborne threats from the West.

In response to raids by Zheng Jing and in an effort to starve out the forces in Taiwan, the Qing decreed to relocate all of the southern coastal towns and ports that had been the targets of raids by the Zheng fleet and thus provided supplies for the resistance.

It is important to recognize that this position was formulated in response to the primacy placed on ethnicity by the Anti-Manchu movement, which sought to assert the illegitimacy of the Qing dynasty based in part on the fact that its members were part of an ethnic minority out of touch with the Han majority, a position which Anarchists of all four major groups decried as racist and unbefitting a movement that claimed to be working for liberation.

In response to the incident, and as a show of his own annoyance towards Empress Chen and Grand Princess Liu, Emperor Wu made Wei Qing the head official of the household at Jianzhang Palace ( 建章宮 ), away from where the princess might be able to harm him, and awarded Wei Qing with great wealth.