As early as 1913 Ghoreyeb and Karsner demonstrated with perfusion studies in dogs that bronchial artery flow would remain constant at a certain low level when pressure was maintained in the pulmonary artery and vein, but that increases in bronchial artery flow would occur in response to a relative drop in pulmonary artery pressure.

In response, Swift ’ s Modest Proposal was " a burlesque of projects concerning the poor ", that were in vogue during the early 18th century.

It may be an exaggerated form of an instinctive response that helped early humans to survive, or a cultural phenomenon that is most common in predominantly European societies.

In 1800, as the result of a professional disagreement over the galvanic response advocated by Galvani, he invented the voltaic pile, an early electric battery, which produced a steady electric current.

In response to the rapid creation of new independent agencies in the early twentieth century ( see discussion below ), Congress enacted the Administrative Procedure Act ( APA ) in 1946.

Axiomatic set theory was developed in response to these early attempts to study set theory, with the goal of determining precisely what operations were allowed and when.

Surveillance systems can provide early alerts to outbreaks, therefore leading to coordinated response and assist in preparation of preparedness plans.

In response to Haeckel ’ s evolutionary claim that all vertebrates are essentially identical in the first month of embryonic life as proof of common descent, His responds by insisting that a more skilled observer would recognize even sooner that early embryos can be distinguished.

An example was dollarization in Ecuador, initiated in September 2000 in response to a 75 % loss of value of the Ecuadorian sucre in early 2000.

The first neuropsychological theory of hypnotic suggestion was introduced early on by James Braid who adopted his friend and colleague William Carpenter's theory of the ideo-motor reflex response to account for the phenomenon of hypnotism.

Major changes occurred in response to the Enlightenment ( late 18th to early 19th century ) leading to the post-Enlightenment Jewish philosophers.

* 1974 – In response to the 1973 oil crisis, daylight saving time commences nearly four months early in the United States.

Founded in 1861 in response to the increasing industrialization of the United States, the institute adopted the European polytechnic university model and emphasized laboratory instruction from an early date.

In response to The Age of Enlightenment, Jewish Emancipation, and Haskalah, elements within German Jewry sought to reform Jewish belief and practice in the early 19th century.

British rhythm and blues developed in the early 1960s, largely as a response to the recordings of American artists, often brought over by African American servicemen stationed in Britain during the Cold War, or merchant seamen visiting ports such as London, Liverpool, Newcastle on Tyne and Belfast.

An early famous example in popular culture is the return of Sherlock Holmes: writer Arthur Conan Doyle killed off the popular character in an encounter with his foe Professor Moriarty, only to bring Holmes back, due in large part to audience response.

scene was partly a response to a sense that many participants in the early punk scene were, in the words of The Business guitarist Steve Kent, " trendy university people using long words, trying to be artistic ... and losing touch ".

A primary reason for OEM's inability to coordinate communications and information-sharing in the early hours of the WTC response was the loss of its emergency operations center, located on the twenty third floor of 7 World Trade Center which had been evacuated after debris from tower's collapse struck the building, igniting several fires.

In response they dramatically increased their efforts in SAM development, deploying the SA-1 Guild system around Moscow as early as 1955.

They could also serve as a command line interface to early mainframe computers and minicomputers, sending typed data to the computer with or without printed output, and printing the response from the computer.

At one sedition trial in the early 1790s, the Attorney – General tried to prohibit Thomas Cooper from publishing his response to Burke's Reflections on the Revolution in France, arguing that " although there was no exception to be taken to his pamphlet when in the hands of the upper classes, yet the government would not allow it to appear at a price which would insure its circulation among the people.

Particularly in the early 19th century, several utopian ideas arose, often in response to their belief that social disruption was created and caused by the development of commercialism and capitalism.

In early 1995, Karimov announced a new policy of toleration for opposition parties and coalitions, apparently in response to the need to improve Uzbekistan's international commercial position.

* February 23 – In response to the energy crisis, daylight saving time commences nearly 2 months early in the United States.

Studies have shown it can specifically modulate the immune response during early virus infection, and mosquito feeding can exacerbate WNV infection, leading to higherviremia and more severe forms of disease.

In response to the criticisms of the Atari 5200, the Atari 7800 could play almost all Atari 2600 games out of the box, without the need for an adapter.

Laura Mulvey, in response to these and other criticisms, revisited the topic in “ Afterthoughts on ‘ Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema ’ inspired by Duel in the Sun ” ( 1981 ).

In response to these criticisms, proponents such as Tim Dinsdale, Peter Scott and Roy Mackal postulate a trapped marine creature that evolved either from a plesiosaur or to the shape of a plesiosaur by convergent evolution.

Zubrin and Weaver developed a modified version of Mars Direct, called Mars Semi-Direct, in response to some specific criticisms.

According to Christopher, Rhine did take precautions against cheating in response to criticisms of his methods, but once he did, he was unable to find the same high scores reported in earlier trials.

In response to these criticisms, Pope John Paul II on October 2 of that year emphasized that this document did not say that non-Christians were denied salvation: " This confession does not deny salvation to non-Christians, but points to its ultimate source in Christ, in whom man and God are united.

In response to such criticisms, English novelist George Eliot, writing for the Westminster Review, characterized such critics as uninspired and narrow-minded:

In response to criticisms of the Institute stating that the amendment was a federal education policy requiring inclusion of alternatives to evolution be taught, which it was not, in 2003 intelligent design's three most prominent legislators, John Boehner, Judd Gregg and Santorum provided a letter to the Discovery Institute giving it the go ahead to invoke the amendment as evidence of " Congress's rejection of the idea that students only need to learn about the dominant scientific view of controversial topics ".

In response to criticisms expressed in the 1998 review by the UN Committee on the Rights of the Child in Geneva, the Irish government established the office of Ombudsman for Children and drew up a national children's strategy.

Here Newton used what became his famous expression ' Hypotheses non fingo ', " I frame no hypotheses ", in response to criticisms of the first edition of the ' Principia '.

" Simon LeVay has said, in response to letters from gays and lesbians making such criticisms, that the research " has contributed to the status of gay people in society.

In response to such criticisms, the PNDC announced on December 1, 1984, the dissolution of all PDCs, WDCs, and NDCs, and their replacement with Committees for the Defence of the Revolution ( CDRs ).

In 1898, in part as a response to criticisms of universities which merely served as centres for the administration of tests, and calls for research and education to be more central functions of universities, the first University of London Act was passed, reforming the University and giving it responsibility for monitoring course content and academic standards within its institutions.

In The Stalin School of Falsification, Trotsky argues that what he calls the " legend of Trotskyism " was formulated by Grigory Zinoviev and Lev Kamenev in collaboration with Stalin in 1924, in response to the criticisms Trotsky raised of Politburo policy.

Nowak et al. s criticisms aroused a hostile response from a large section of the evolutionary biology community, including one reply published in Nature with over 100 authors.

In response to these criticisms, BioWare announced on April 5 that they would reschedule their post-release content production and release an " Extended Cut " DLC that would expand the original endings and address the most common points of critique.

In response to these criticisms, in 1853 Stowe published A Key to Uncle Tom's Cabin, an attempt to document the veracity of the novel's depiction of slavery.

Further, partly in response to such criticisms, Lakoff and Rafael E. Núñez, in 2000, proposed a cognitive science of mathematics that would explain mathematics as a consequence of, not an alternative to, the human reliance on conceptual metaphor to understand abstraction in terms of basic experiential concretes.

" In response to such criticisms, Transition published essays throughout the late 1920s, defending and explaining Joyce's work.

It developed partly as a response to criticisms of Keynesian macroeconomics by adherents of New Classical macroeconomics.

From an economics perspective, the relatively recent industrial organization research has focused on construction of microeconomic models that predict and / or explain the prevalence of imperfectly competitive markets and deviations from competitive behavior, partly as a response to the criticisms of antitrust laws and policies by the Chicago School and by members of the law and economics school of thought.

On Saturday, September 2, 1972 Norman also performed at the Festival of Light-sponsored Festival for Jesus held in Hyde Park, London, which was filmed and released as a 50-minute documentary Why Should the Devil Have All the Good Music ?, which featured Norman's 1972 song of the same name, which was written in response to the criticisms of Christian Rock music by American evangelist Bob Larson, whom Norman regularly lampooned at his concerts.

Nik Aziz ’ s remarks were made in response to the criticisms and threats made by UMNO against Democratic Action Party ’ s Dr Boo Cheng Hau, the opposition leader in Johor when Dr Boo was reported to have compared “ bumiputeraism ” with state apartheid.

In response to these criticisms, some volunteer-edited directories have adopted wiki technology, to allow broader community participation in editing the directory ( at the risk of introducing lower-quality, less objective entries ).