Laura Mulvey, in response to these and other criticisms, revisited the topic in “ Afterthoughts on ‘ Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema ’ inspired by Duel in the Sun ” ( 1981 ).

In response to these criticisms, proponents such as Tim Dinsdale, Peter Scott and Roy Mackal postulate a trapped marine creature that evolved either from a plesiosaur or to the shape of a plesiosaur by convergent evolution.

Zubrin and Weaver developed a modified version of Mars Direct, called Mars Semi-Direct, in response to some specific criticisms.

According to Christopher, Rhine did take precautions against cheating in response to criticisms of his methods, but once he did, he was unable to find the same high scores reported in earlier trials.

In response to these criticisms, Pope John Paul II on October 2 of that year emphasized that this document did not say that non-Christians were denied salvation: " This confession does not deny salvation to non-Christians, but points to its ultimate source in Christ, in whom man and God are united.

In response to such criticisms, English novelist George Eliot, writing for the Westminster Review, characterized such critics as uninspired and narrow-minded:

In response to criticisms of the Institute stating that the amendment was a federal education policy requiring inclusion of alternatives to evolution be taught, which it was not, in 2003 intelligent design's three most prominent legislators, John Boehner, Judd Gregg and Santorum provided a letter to the Discovery Institute giving it the go ahead to invoke the amendment as evidence of " Congress's rejection of the idea that students only need to learn about the dominant scientific view of controversial topics ".

In response to criticisms expressed in the 1998 review by the UN Committee on the Rights of the Child in Geneva, the Irish government established the office of Ombudsman for Children and drew up a national children's strategy.

Here Newton used what became his famous expression ' Hypotheses non fingo ', " I frame no hypotheses ", in response to criticisms of the first edition of the ' Principia '.

" Simon LeVay has said, in response to letters from gays and lesbians making such criticisms, that the research " has contributed to the status of gay people in society.

In response to such criticisms, the PNDC announced on December 1, 1984, the dissolution of all PDCs, WDCs, and NDCs, and their replacement with Committees for the Defence of the Revolution ( CDRs ).

In 1898, in part as a response to criticisms of universities which merely served as centres for the administration of tests, and calls for research and education to be more central functions of universities, the first University of London Act was passed, reforming the University and giving it responsibility for monitoring course content and academic standards within its institutions.

In The Stalin School of Falsification, Trotsky argues that what he calls the " legend of Trotskyism " was formulated by Grigory Zinoviev and Lev Kamenev in collaboration with Stalin in 1924, in response to the criticisms Trotsky raised of Politburo policy.

Nowak et al. s criticisms aroused a hostile response from a large section of the evolutionary biology community, including one reply published in Nature with over 100 authors.

In response to these criticisms, BioWare announced on April 5 that they would reschedule their post-release content production and release an " Extended Cut " DLC that would expand the original endings and address the most common points of critique.

In response to these criticisms, in 1853 Stowe published A Key to Uncle Tom's Cabin, an attempt to document the veracity of the novel's depiction of slavery.

Further, partly in response to such criticisms, Lakoff and Rafael E. Núñez, in 2000, proposed a cognitive science of mathematics that would explain mathematics as a consequence of, not an alternative to, the human reliance on conceptual metaphor to understand abstraction in terms of basic experiential concretes.

" In response to such criticisms, Transition published essays throughout the late 1920s, defending and explaining Joyce's work.

It developed partly as a response to criticisms of Keynesian macroeconomics by adherents of New Classical macroeconomics.

From an economics perspective, the relatively recent industrial organization research has focused on construction of microeconomic models that predict and / or explain the prevalence of imperfectly competitive markets and deviations from competitive behavior, partly as a response to the criticisms of antitrust laws and policies by the Chicago School and by members of the law and economics school of thought.

On Saturday, September 2, 1972 Norman also performed at the Festival of Light-sponsored Festival for Jesus held in Hyde Park, London, which was filmed and released as a 50-minute documentary Why Should the Devil Have All the Good Music ?, which featured Norman's 1972 song of the same name, which was written in response to the criticisms of Christian Rock music by American evangelist Bob Larson, whom Norman regularly lampooned at his concerts.

Nik Aziz ’ s remarks were made in response to the criticisms and threats made by UMNO against Democratic Action Party ’ s Dr Boo Cheng Hau, the opposition leader in Johor when Dr Boo was reported to have compared “ bumiputeraism ” with state apartheid.

In response to the early criticisms of the trait approach, theorists began to research leadership as a set of behaviors, evaluating the behavior of successful leaders, determining a behavior taxonomy, and identifying broad leadership styles.

In response to these criticisms, some volunteer-edited directories have adopted wiki technology, to allow broader community participation in editing the directory ( at the risk of introducing lower-quality, less objective entries ).

In response to criticism over ergonomic issues in the 7800 ’ s Pro-Line controllers, Atari later released joypad controllers with European 7800s, which were similar in style to controllers found on Nintendo and Sega Systems.

Video sampling tends to work on a completely different scale altogether thanks to the highly nonlinear response both of cathode ray tubes ( for which the vast majority of digital video foundation work was targeted ) and the human eye, using a " gamma curve " to provide an appearance of evenly distributed brightness steps across the display's full dynamic range-hence the need to use RAMDACs in computer video applications with deep enough colour resolution to make engineering a hardcoded value into the DAC for each output level of each channel impractical ( e. g. an Atari ST or Sega Genesis would require 24 such values ; a 24-bit video card would need 768 ...).

Occurring soon after Pac-Mans negative critical response on the Atari 2600, E. T. s poor reception was attributed by Kent to a negative impact on Atari's reputation and profitability.

In response to criticism over ergonomic issues in the Pro-Line controllers, Atari later released joypad controllers with European Atari 7800s, which were similar in style to controllers found on Nintendo and Sega systems.

In response, Atari decided to release two versions of the new machine, a low-end model as a games console, and a high-end version as a home computer.

In response to a severe, if temporary, downturn in consumer purchases of personal computers in the mid-to-late 1980s, and the shift in the market from more entertainment-oriented machines from Commodore and Atari toward more small business and personal productivity software running on IBM PC clones, Spinnaker decided to phase out its educational and entertainment titles and focus on personal productivity.

Although the engine gains only peak torque over the VQ35HR and this higher torque arrives at 5200 rpm vs. 4800 in the VQ35HR, the torque curve itself is improved and flattened via VVEL variable valve timing for better throttle response and low rpm torque.

" The H grades were added in response to a user association request based on its study of over 5200 commercial Grade 2, 7, 16, and 26 test reports, where over 99 % met the 58 ksi minimum UTS.

They felt that they were relaxing as much as they could and that any control factors which might be present to prevent response must be on an unconscious level.

In response Dirgham sought help from Amalric, but Shirkuh and Shawar arrived before Amalric could intervene and Dirgham was killed.

An ATP request packet could be answered by up to eight response packets.

The requestor then sent an acknowledgement packet containing a bit mask indicating which of the response packets it received, so the responder could retransmit the remainder.

This way, it could respond to duplicate requests with the same transaction ID by resending the same response data, without performing the actual operation again.

The client's response to the server was to send a block of PostScript code, while the server could respond with any diagnostic messages that might be generated as a result, after which another " send-more-data " request was sent.

However, upon immunization with SRBC ( sheep red blood cells ), these mice demonstrated a deficiency in the maturation of an antibody response ; they were able to generate normal levels of IgM, but could not develop specific IgG levels.

A review of the methods used in trials of antipsychotics, despite stating that the overall quality is " rather good ," reported issues with the selection of participants ( including that in schizophrenia trials up to 90 % of people who are generally suitable do not meet the elaborate inclusion and exclusion criteria, and that negative symptoms have not been properly assessed despite companies marketing the newer antipsychotics for these ); issues with the design of trials ( including pharmaceutical company funding of most of them, and inadequate experimental " blinding " so that trial participants could sometimes tell whether they were on placebo or not ); and issues with the assessment of outcomes ( including the use of a minimal reduction in scores to show " response ," lack of assessment of quality of life or recovery, a high rate of discontinuation, selective highlighting of favorable results in the abstracts of publications, and poor reporting of side-effects ).

Brueys refused, in the belief that his squadron could provide essential support to the French army on shore, and called his captains aboard his 120-gun flagship Orient to discuss their response should Nelson discover the fleet in its anchorage.

Moving faster than enemy forces, mobile forces exploited weaknesses and acted before opposing forces could formulate a response.

Then the accuracy of the response could be measured.

" As one response, legislators delegated a thousand pounds from the treasury to help the people who, under these conditions, could no longer support their families.

Some delegates objected to the establishment of the Politburo, and in response, the Politburo became responsible to the Central Committee, and Central Committee members could participate in Politburo sessions with a consultative voice, but could not vote unless they were members.

Whereas previously any noble could start a war, the monarchs of Europe of necessity consolidated military power in response to the Napoleonic war.

Ten years later, limited liability, the key provision of modern corporate law, passed into English law: in response to increasing pressure from newly emerging capital interests, Parliament passed the Limited Liability Act 1855, which established the principle that any corporation could enjoy limited legal liability on both contract and tort claims simply by registering as a " limited " company with the appropriate government agency.

One of the purposes the CIA hoped to achieve by these operations was an aggressive and violent response from the Sandinista government which in turn could be used as a pretext for proper military actions.

So, incensed by Tolkien ’ s response, he realized that he could legally publish the trilogy and did.

In one response to Gettier, the American philosopher Richard Kirkham has argued that the only definition of knowledge that could ever be immune to all counterexamples is the infallibilist one.

The same response could be produced by injecting extract of jejunum mucosa into the jugular vein, showing that some factor in the mucosa was responsible.

First, in the aftermath of the Second World War, the convention, drawing on the inspiration of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights can be seen as part of a wider response of the Allied Powers in delivering a human rights agenda through which it was believed that the most serious human rights violations which had occurred during the Second World War ( most notably, the Holocaust ) could be avoided in the future.

By 1888, it was clear that the piecemeal system that had developed over the previous century in response to the vastly increased need for local administration could no longer cope.

In response to the controversy surrounding The Bell Curve, the American Psychological Association's Board of Scientific Affairs established a task force in 1995 to write a report on the state of intelligence research which could be used by all sides as a basis for discussion, " Intelligence: Knowns and Unknowns ".

The standard response is to argue a distinction between " could create " and " would create.