It is absurd to speak of philosophy as a superior enterprise to sociology, since the former is a logical, rational discipline, where sociology is essentially descriptive and empirical.

Maximilian Karl Emil " Max " Weber (; 21 April 1864 – 14 June 1920 ) was a German sociologist, philosopher, and political economist who profoundly influenced social theory, social research, and the discipline of sociology itself.

Sociology of religion is the study of the beliefs, practices and organizational forms of religion using the tools and methods of the discipline of sociology.

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to the discipline of sociology:

He formally established the academic discipline and, with Karl Marx and Max Weber, is commonly cited as the principal architect of modern social science and father of sociology.

First, to establish sociology as a new academic discipline.

Establishment of sociology as an independent, recognized academic discipline is amongst Durkheim's largest and most lasting legacies.

Being at the crossroads of several disciplines such as sociology, economics, epidemiology, geography, anthropology and history, demography offers tools to approach a large range of population issues by combining a more technical quantitative approach that represents the core of the discipline with many other methods borrowed from social or other sciences.

He is especially noted for introducing the quantitative study of language variation and change, making the sociology of language into a scientific discipline.

He was a founder of the discipline of sociology and of the doctrine of positivism.

The early sociology of Herbert Spencer came about broadly as a reaction to Comte ; writing after various developments in evolutionary biology, Spencer attempted to reformulate the discipline in what we might now describe as socially Darwinistic terms.

Other important ethnographies in the discipline of sociology include Pierre Bourdieu's work on Algeria and France, Paul Willis's Learning To Labour on working class youth, and the work of Elijah Anderson, Mitchell Duneier, Loic Wacquant on black America and Glimpses of Madrasa From Africa, 2010 Lai Olurode.

But even though many sub-fields and theoretical perspectives within sociology use ethnographic methods, ethnography is not the sine qua non of the discipline, as it is in cultural anthropology.

As an academic discipline, public policy brings in elements of many social science fields and concepts, including economics, sociology, political economy, program evaluation, policy analysis, and public management, all as applied to problems of governmental administration, management, and operations.

Like any sociological discipline, rural sociology involves the examination of statistical data, interviews, social theory, observation, survey research, and many other techniques.

Ein Beitrag zur Kritik des bürgerlichen Rechts ( 1904 ), he became one of the founders of the discipline of the sociology of law.

As a scholarly discipline, medical ethics encompasses its practical application in clinical settings as well as work on its history, philosophy, theology, and sociology.

He had hoped to order the sciences in increasing degrees of complexity from mathematics, astronomy, physics, chemistry, biology, and a new discipline called " sociology ", which is the study of the " dynamics and statics of society ".

As a scholarly discipline, medical ethics encompasses its practical application in clinical settings as well as work on its history, philosophy, theology, and sociology.

This immense undertaking, which has few parallels in the English language, aimed to demonstrate that the principle of evolution applied in biology, psychology, sociology ( Spencer appropriated Comte's term for the new discipline ) and morality.

It is a normative discipline of sociology seeking to study the structures, processes, changes and problems of an urban area and by doing so provide inputs for planning and policy making.

It may be said that the modern formal discipline of sociology began with the analysis of religion in Durkheim's 1897 study of suicide rates amongst Catholic and Protestant populations.

The type of participant observation method chosen by the researcher or researchers depends on the research question, researcher ’ s level of involvement with the observed population, and the researcher ’ s discipline ( i. e. psychology, sociology, anthropology, etc.

Modern critical theory arose from the anti-positivist sociology of Max Weber and Georg Simmel, the Marxist theories of György Lukács and of Antonio Gramsci, towards that of the Institute for Social Research in Frankfurt.

Much of the criticism arose during the 1970s in the U. S. when quantitative approaches to sociology were dominant.

As sociology arose primarily as a reaction to capitalist modernity, economics played a role in much classic sociological inquiry.

Economic sociology arose as a new approach to the analysis of economic phenomena ; emphasizing particularly the role economic structures and institutions play upon society, and the influence a society holds over the nature of economic structures and institutions.

Modern academic sociology arose as a reaction to modernity, capitalism, urbanization, rationalization, and secularization, bearing a particularly strong interest in the emergence of the modern nation state ; its constituent institutions, its units of socialization, and its means of surveillance.

American sociology arose on a broadly independent trajectory to European sociology.

As a philosophy term and as a sociology term, cultural hegemony derived from the Ancient Greek word hegemony ( leadership and rule ), the geopolitical method of indirect imperial dominance, with which the hegemon ( leader state ) rules subordinate states, by the implied means of power, the threat of the threat of intervention, rather than by direct military force, that is, invasion, occupation, and annexation.

His thesis, Experimental studies of stimulus response relationships in leaflet communication, drew from sociology, psychology, and communication, to study how information diffused through | American communities.

* Looping, sociology term in Total institution in which an individual's protective response to one assault on the self is made the basis of another

Dunlap and Catton's work immediately received a critique from Frederick Buttel who argued to the contrary that classical sociological foundations could be found for environmental sociology, particularly in Weber's work on ancient " agrarian civilizations " and Durkheim's view of the division of labor as built on a material premise of specialization / specialization in response to material scarcity.

For example, Steve Woolgar ( 1991 ) considers technology as text in order to critique the sociology of scientific knowledge as applied to technology and to distinguish between three responses to that notion: the instrumental response ( interpretive flexibility ), the interpretivist response ( environmental / organizational influences ), the reflexive response ( a double hermeneutic ).

His theology developed further in response to critiques by black women, leading Cone to consider gender issues more prominently and foster the development of womanist theology, and also in dialogue with Marxist analysis and the sociology of knowledge.

The purpose of this sort of philosophical study of sociology is not to tyrannize but to clarify the principles of social science.

The threadbare notion that belief, unlike behaviour, is not subject to objective analysis, has placed intuitive metaphysics squarely against the sociology of knowledge, since it is precisely the job of the sociology of knowledge to treat beliefs as social facts no less viable than social behaviour.

When dealing with the actual relation of philosophy to the sociology of knowledge, or better the role of philosophy in assisting research on the social sources of ideas, one has to become necessarily selective.

The traditions of jurisprudence, history, philology, and sociology then evolved into something more closely resembling the modern views of these disciplines and informed the development of the social sciences, of which anthropology was a part.

In other countries ( and in some, particularly smaller, British and North American universities ), anthropologists have also found themselves institutionally linked with scholars of folklore, museum studies, human geography, sociology, social relations, ethnic studies, cultural studies, and social work.

The most important French social theorist since Foucault and Lévi-Strauss is Pierre Bourdieu, who trained formally in philosophy and sociology and eventually held the Chair of Sociology at the Collège de France.

Beauty is studied as part of aesthetics, sociology, social psychology, and culture.

* K-Society ( includes Social sciences, sociology & social anthropology )

The work of French philosopher and social theorist, Michel Foucault has been utilized in a variety of disciplines, such as history, philosophy, anthropology, sociology, psychology, and linguistics.

* an interdisciplinary subfield of science, which originated in engineering and mathematics, and evolved into use by the social sciences, like psychology, sociology, criminology and in the financial system.

Critical theory was first defined by Max Horkheimer of the Frankfurt School of sociology in his 1937 essay Traditional and Critical Theory: Critical theory is a social theory oriented toward critiquing and changing society as a whole, in contrast to traditional theory oriented only to understanding or explaining it.

Core concepts are: ( 1 ) That critical social theory should be directed at the totality of society in its historical specificity ( i. e. how it came to be configured at a specific point in time ), and ( 2 ) That critical theory should improve understanding of society by integrating all the major social sciences, including geography, economics, sociology, history, political science, anthropology, and psychology.

This ambivalence was rooted, of course, in the historical circumstances in which the work was originally produced, in particular, the rise of National Socialism, state capitalism, and mass culture as entirely new forms of social domination that could not be adequately explained within the terms of traditional Marxist sociology.

In sociology a social rule refers to any social convention commonly adhered to in a society.

It originated in sociology under the term " social constructionism " and has been given the name " constructivism " when referring to philosophical epistemology, though " constructionism " and " constructivism " are often used interchangeably.

The sociology of education is the study of how social institutions and forces affect educational processes and outcomes, and vice versa.

Descriptive ethics is a value-free approach to ethics, which defines it as a social science ( specifically sociology ) rather than a humanity.

Graph theory is also widely used in sociology as a way, for example, to measure actors ' prestige or to explore diffusion mechanisms, notably through the use of social network analysis software.

Modern historical analysis usually draws upon other social sciences, including economics, sociology, politics, psychology, anthropology, philosophy and linguistics.