In somatic gene therapy, the therapeutic genes are transferred into the somatic cells, or body, of a patient.

In the same month, scientist Shoukhrat Mitalipov reports the first successful creation of a primate stem cell line through somatic cell nuclear transfer Martin Evans, a co-winner of the Nobel Prize in recognition of his gene targeting work.

Exactly what causes this variation is not entirely understood, although factors contributing to it could include the lengths of the polyglutamine and polyglycine tracts, sensitivity to and variations in the intrauterine endocrine milieu, the effect of coregulatory proteins that are active in Sertoli cells, somatic mosaicism, expression of the 5RD2 gene in genital skin fibroblasts, reduced AR transcription and translation from factors other than mutations in the AR coding region, an unidentified coactivator protein, enzyme deficiencies such as 21-hydroxylase deficiency, or other genetic variations such as a mutant steroidogenic factor-1 ( SF-1 ) protein.

The mechanism involved the somatic selection and clonal amplification of newly acquired antibody gene sequences that were generated via somatic hyper-mutation in B-cells.

* The implications of Steele's soma-to-germline feedback for the safety of somatic gene therapy in humans.

A somatic ( non-hereditary ) mutation ( V617F ) in the JAK2 gene is found in 95 % of cases, though also present in other myeloproliferative disorders.

The cost of growing mammalian cell cultures is high, so research is underway to produce such complex proteins in insect cells or in higher plants, use of single embryonic cell and somatic embryos as a source for direct gene transfer via particle bombardment, transit gene expression and confocal microscopy observation is one of its applications.

The Committee for Advanced Therapies ( CAT ) was established in accordance with Regulation ( EC ) No 1394 / 2007 on advanced-therapy medicinal products ( ATMPs ) such as gene therapy, somatic cell therapy and tissue engineered products.

A gene in a somatic cell of an individual may forego replication to promote the transmission of its copies in the germ line cells.

The system is highly adaptable because of somatic hypermutation ( a process of accelerated somatic mutations ), and V ( D ) J recombination ( an irreversible genetic recombination of antigen receptor gene segments ).

New molecular testing methods have enabled an extension of this approach to include testing for global gene, protein, and protein pathway activation expression profiles and / or somatic mutations in cancer cells from patients in order to better define the prognosis in these patients and to suggest treatment options that are most likely to succeed.

A biologic medical product, also known as a biological product, or more simply as a biologic or biological, is a medicinal product such as a vaccine, blood or blood component, allergenic, somatic cell, gene therapy, tissue, recombinant therapeutic protein, or living cells that are used as therapeutics to treat diseases.

It is involved in the initiation of three separate immunoglobulin ( Ig ) diversification processes: somatic hypermutation ( SHM ), in which the antibody genes are shuffled to provide enough diversity to deal with millions of antigens ; class switch recombination ( CSR ), in which B cells change their expression from IgM to IgG or other immune types ; and gene conversion ( GC ).

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syndrome – semeniferous tubules – seminal colliculus – seminal plasma – seminal plasma hypersensitivity – seminal vesicle – seminiferous tubules – sensate focus – sensate focus exercises – sensate focusing – sensation play ( BDSM ) – sensory compensation – sensory deprivation – sensory enhancement – sensory overload – sensuality – separatist feminism – septa of testis – septum of the penis – seraglio – serendipitous – serial killing – serial monogamy – seronegative – seropositive – serosorting – serotonin – serous tumor – Sertoli cell – Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor – service-oriented – session wrestler – seven-year itch – sex – sex act – sex addict – sex addiction – sex adjunctive – sex adventitious – sex aid – sex allergy – sex assignment – sex boutique – sex change – sex chromatin – sex client – sex club – sex coaching – sex compulsion – sex cord-stromal tumor – sex crime – sex derivative – sex diet – sex doll – sex drive – sex education – sex flush – sex game – sex hormone – sex 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abuse – sexual acronyms – sexual act – sexual activities – sexual addiction – sexual anatomy – sexual anomalies – sexual arousal – sexual assault – sexual attraction – sexual availability – Sexual Behavior in the Human Female – Sexual Behavior in the Human Male – sexual bondage – sexual characteristics ( disambiguation ) – sexual child abuse – sexual compulsion – Sexual Compulsives Anonymous – sexual confidence – sexual congress – sexual continence – sexual desire – sexual development – sexual deviancy -- sexual deviant – sexual deviation – sexual differentiation – sexual dimorphism – sexual dissatisfaction – sexual drive – sexual dysfunction – sexual equality – sexual ethics – sexual ethnology – sexual exploitation – sexual fantasy – sexual fetish – sexual fetishism – sexual fetishist – sexual fidelity – sexual flush – Sexual Freedom Coalition – sexual frequency – sexual frustration – sexual game – sexual harassment – sexual health – sexual health clinic – sexual history – sexual inadequacy – sexual identity – sexual intercourse – sexual intimacy – sexual inversion – sexual jealousy – sexual liberation – sexual lubricant – sexual malfunction – sexual maturation – sexual maturity – sexual medicine – sexual misconduct – sexual morality – sexual mores – sexual network – sexual norm – sexual orientation – Sexual orientation and Wicca – Sexual orientation change efforts – Sexual Identity Therapy – sexual outlet – sexual partner – sexual perversion – sexual perversity – sexual politics – sexual predator – sexual problem – sexual prop – sexual prowess – sexual reassignment surgery – sexual rehearsal play – sexual revolution – sexual ritual – sexual roleplaying – sexual sadism – sexual script – sexual slang – sexual slavery – sexual stimulation – sexual surrogate – sexual tension – sexual trophy – sexual violence – sexuality – sexuality education – sexuality in older age – Sexuality Information and Education Council of the United States – obsessive-compulsive disorder and sexuality – sexually active – sexually dimorphic nucleus – sexually transmissible disease – sexually transmitted disease – sexually violent predator – sexuoerotic – sexuoerotic tragedy – sexuoerotic body image fixation – sexuoeroticism – shaving ( sexology ) – shemale – shidduch – shim-pua marriage – shocker ( hand gesture ) – shoe dangling – shoe fetishism – shotacon – shotgun wedding – showers ( sexology ) – shunga – shyness – side entry missionary position – siderodromophilia – SIECUS – sigheh – significant other – Volkmar Sigusch – sildenafil citrate – Silver Ring Thing – Sin City ( description ) – sindoor – single – single mother – single parent – single status affidavit – singles bar – sinus ( disambiguation ) – sissy – sissy boy – sitophilia – situational child molester – situational sexual behaviour – sixty-nine – size queen – Skene's ducts – Skene's gland – Skene's glands – Skoptzy – slap and tickle-slapper – slapping ( BDSM ) – slave ( BDSM ) – sleep sex – sleeping princess syndrome – sleeping together – sleepsex – sling – sloppy seconds – slut – smegma – smoking fetishism – smotherbox – snapping pussy – snowballing – soapland – social distancing – social host liability-social vice – Society for Human Sexuality – Society for the Scientific Study of Sexuality – sociobiological theories of rape – sodomy – sodomy law – soft butch – soft chancre – softcore pornography – soggy biscuit – soiree-soixante-neuf – solicitation – soliciting – solitary vice – sologamy – solosexuality – somatic – somatotropin – somesthetic – somnophilia – sororal polygyny – sororate marriage – sounding – spandex fetishism – spanking – Spartan pederasty – spay – spectrophilia – speculum – speed dating – sperm – sperm bank – sperm competition – sperm count – sperm donation – sperm donor – sperm motility – sperm sample – spermatic cord – spermatic duct – spermatid – spermatidogenesis – spermatocele – spermatocyte – spermatocytogenesis – spermatogenesis – spermatogonium – 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Street Offences Act 1959 – street prostitution – streetwalker – stretching ( sexology ) – string bondage – strip poker – strip pub – strip search – stripping – stripping fetishism – striptease – stroma of ovary – stuffing ( fetish ) – stuffing ( sexology ) – subbing – subcutaneous tissue of penis – subfertility – subincision – sublimation – subliminal tape – submission – submission ( BDSM ) – submissive ( BDSM ) – subpersonality – succubus – sugar daddy – supernumerary nipple – support group – surface epithelial-stromal tumor – surgical fetishism – surrendered wife – surrogate mother – suspension – suspensory ligament of the ovary – suspensory ligament of the penis – suttee – suturing ( sexology ) – swara – swayamvara – sweetheart – sweetheart scam – swimsuit fetishism – swing ( sexology ) – swing club – swinger – swinging – swinging both ways – swish – switch ( BDSM ) – switch ( sexuality ) – sworn virgin – Swyer syndrome – Sybian – sympathetic nervous system – symphorophilia – symphysis pubis dysfunction – symptothermal method – synechial membrane – syphilis –

Bodymind therapy combines the strengths of " talk " therapy with bodywork, such as touch, postural alignment, or movement education and exercise to increase body awareness, also known as mind-body or somatic therapy.

Hakomi therapy is a form of body-centered somatic psychotherapy developed by Ron Kurtz in the 1970s and furthered by a group led by Kurtz in the 1980s.

Today, much treatment of trigger points and their pain complexes are handled by myofascial trigger point therapists, massage therapists, physical therapists, osteopathic physicians ( DOs ), occupational therapists, myotherapists, Certified Athletic Trainer some naturopaths, chiropractors, dentists and acupuncturists, and other hands-on somatic practitioners who have had experience or training in the field of neuromuscular therapy ( NMT ).

These patient-specific hiPSCs are characterized by their ability to self-renew and differentiate into any somatic cell type within the body, as a result they are predicted to become a powerful tool for biomedical research and cell therapy.

Somatic Experiencing is a form of therapy aimed at relieving and resolving the symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder ( PTSD ) and other mental and physical trauma-related health problems by focusing on the client ’ s perceived body sensations ( or somatic experiences ).

The myofascial release approach is a form of soft tissue therapy used to treat somatic dysfunction and resulting pain and restriction of motion.

Psychiatric somatotherapy ( or somatic therapy ) is the treatment of mental illness by physical means ( such as medication, electroconvulsive therapy, or psychosurgery ) rather than psychotherapy.

In a randomized trial, abrupt interruption of antidepressant therapy for 5 – 8 days was associated with the emergence of new somatic and psychological symptoms with the highest degree in patients treated with paroxetine and to a lesser degree sertraline, with few symptoms seen with fluoxetine.

In classical genetics, in a sexually reproducing organism ( typically eukarya ) the gamete has half the number of chromosomes of the somatic cell and the genome is a full set of chromosomes in a gamete.

In diploid organisms, somatic cells possess two copies of the genome.

Even in diploid organisms, many somatic cells are polyploid due to a process called endoreduplication where duplication of the genome occurs without mitosis ( cell division ).

The haploid human genome ( contained in egg and sperm cells ) consists of three billion DNA base pairs, while the diploid genome ( found in somatic cells ) has twice the DNA content.

# One of earliest molecular descriptions of somatic genome rearrangement.

In vitro transcribed RNA, containing stabilizing modifications such as 5-methylguanosine capping or substituted ribonucleobases, e. g. pseudouracil, is 35-fold more efficient than viral transduction and has the additional benefit of not altering the somatic genome ( Warren et al., 2010 ).

If the Weismann barrier is permeable, then genetic treatments of somatic cells may actually result in a heritable change to the genome, possibly resulting in the genetic engineering of the human species rather than just individuals.

In such cases the genetic duplication occurs in a somatic cell and affects only the genome of the cancer cells themselves, not the entire organism, much less any subsequent offspring.

In 1988, the United States Patent and Trademark Office ( USPTO ) granted ( filed Jun 22, 1984, issued Apr 12, 1988, expired April 12, 2005 ) to Harvard College claiming “ a transgenic non-human mammal whose germ cells and somatic cells contain a re-combinant activated oncogene sequence introduced into said mammal …” The claim explicitly excluded humans, apparently reflecting moral and legal concerns about patents on human beings, and about modification of the human genome.

That means each somatic cell of the plant contains two complete genome copies ( diploid ) and each genome has ten chromosomes.

The resulting human zygote is similar to the majority of somatic cells because it contains two copies of the genome in a diploid set of chromosomes.

The biochemistry involved in reprogramming the differentiated somatic cell nucleus and activating the recipient egg is also far from understood.

Anxiety ( also called angst or worry ) is a psychological and physiological state characterized by somatic, emotional, cognitive, and behavioral components.

Pregabalin's therapeutic effect appears after 1 week of use and is similar in effectiveness to lorazepam, alprazolam, and venlafaxine, but pregabalin has demonstrated superiority by producing more consistent therapeutic effects for psychic and somatic anxiety symptoms.

Chemotaxis is the phenomenon whereby somatic cells, bacteria, and other single-cell or multicellular organisms direct their movements according to certain chemicals in their environment.

She was created using the technique of somatic cell nuclear transfer, where the cell nucleus from an adult cell is transferred into an unfertilised oocyte ( developing egg cell ) that has had its nucleus removed.

In contrast to a gamete, the diploid somatic cells of an individual contain one copy of the chromosome set from the sperm and one copy of the chromosome set from the egg ; that is, the cells of the offspring have genes expressing characteristics of both the father and the mother.

When a nucleus is added to an egg during somatic cell nuclear transfer, the egg starts dividing in minutes, as compared to the days or months it takes for reprogramming during embryonic development.

Neurasthenia is an old diagnosis involving somatic complaints as well as fatigue and low spirits / depression, which is officially recognized by the ICD-10 but no longer by the DSM-IV.

A rare genetic disorder that has occurred in a total of 7 recorded cases is Detrimental Haploidy Syndrome where the somatic cells of the human body are haploid after the first division of cells from fertilisation.

Deep somatic pain is initiated by stimulation of nociceptors in ligaments, tendons, bones, blood vessels, fasciae and muscles, and is dull, aching, poorly localized pain.

The distinction is similar to that proposed by August Weismann, who distinguished between germ plasm ( heredity ) and somatic cells ( the body ).

" The name most likely originated from the somatic " numbing " effect and feelings of dissociation induced by PCP, and has led to the widespread and mistaken belief that the liquid is made up of or contains real embalming fluid.

The peripheral nervous system is divided into the somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system ; some textbooks also include sensory systems.

Compared to mitotic chromosomes in somatic cells, sperm DNA is at least sixfold more highly condensed.

< imagemap > File: 1990s decade montage. png | From left, clockwise: The Hubble Space Telescope floats in space after it was taken up in 1990 ; American F-16s and F-15s fly over burning oil fields and the USA Lexie in Operation Desert Storm, also known as the 1991 Gulf War ; The signing of the Oslo Accords on 13 September 1993 ; The World Wide Web gains a public face during the start of decade and as a result gains massive popularity worldwide ; Boris Yeltsin and followers stand on a tank in defiance to the August Coup, which leads to the Soviet Union's dissolution on 26 December 1991 ; Dolly the sheep is the first mammal to be cloned from an adult somatic cell ; The funeral procession of Diana, Princess of Wales, who dies in 1997 from a car crash in Paris, and is mourned by millions ; Hundreds of thousands are killed in the Rwandan Genocide of 1994 .| 420px | thumb

Dolly ( sheep ) | Dolly the sheep is the first mammal to be cloned from an adult somatic cell.

Also, the pattern of cell division that transforms eukaryotic stem cells into gametes ( sperm cells in males or ova – egg cells – in females ) is different from that of the somatic cell division in the cells of the body.

Delirium is characterized by a sudden onset, fluctuating course, a short duration ( often lasting from hours to weeks ), and is primarily related to a somatic ( or medical ) disturbance.

The effect is one-way: germ cells produce somatic cells and are not affected by anything the somatic cells learn or therefore any ability the body acquires during its life.