But in some jurisdictions, the state or prosecution may appeal " as of right " from a trial court's dismissal of an indictment in whole or in part or from a trial court's granting of a defendant's suppression motion.

Likewise, in some jurisdictions, the state or prosecution may appeal an issue of law " by leave " from the trial court and / or the appellate court.

In some jurisdictions the mandate is known as the " remittitur ".

In some jurisdictions, courts able to hear appeals are known as an appellate division.

In some ways they represent a stronger opposition because they have the backing of many member provinces of the Anglican Communion and, in some cases, are or have been missionary jurisdictions of such provinces of the Communion as the Churches of Nigeria, Kenya, Rwanda, and the Southern Cone of America.

Assault in some US jurisdictions is defined more broadly still as any intentional physical contact with another person without their consent ; but in the majority of the United States, and in England and Wales and all other common law jurisdictions in the world, this is defined instead as battery.

Aggravated assault is, in some jurisdictions, a stronger form of assault, usually using a deadly weapon.

In some jurisdictions, most notably England, it is not a defense where the degree of injury is severe, as long as there is no legally recognized good reason for the assault.

In some jurisdictions such as Singapore, judicial corporal punishment is part of the legal system.

Furthermore, some jurisdictions, such as Ohio, allow residents in their homes to use force when ejecting an intruder.

Such judges decide, often when called upon by counsel rather than of their own motion, what evidence is to be admitted when there is a dispute ; though in some common law jurisdictions judges play more of a role in deciding what evidence to admit into the record or reject.

It is a crime in some jurisdictions.

Bicycle helmets may help reduce injury in the event of a collision or accident, and a certified helmet is legally required for some riders in some jurisdictions.

On the other hand, some other jurisdictions have sufficiently developed bodies of law so that parties have no real motivation to choose the law of a foreign jurisdiction ( for example, England and Wales, and the state of California ), but not yet so fully developed that parties with no relationship to the jurisdiction choose that law.

Many of these jurisdictions recognise customary law, and in some, such as South Africa the Constitution requires that the common law be developed in accordance with the Bill of Rights.

Generally, copyright is enforced as a civil matter, though some jurisdictions do apply criminal sanctions.

Graphic designs and industrial designs may have separate or overlapping laws applied to them in some jurisdictions.

Typically, a work must meet minimal standards of originality in order to qualify for copyright, and the copyright expires after a set period of time ( some jurisdictions may allow this to be extended ).

Copyrights are generally enforced by the holder in a civil law court, but there are also criminal infringement statutes in some jurisdictions.

Thus fines and noncustodial sentences may address the crimes seen as least serious, with lengthy imprisonment or ( in some jurisdictions ) capital punishment reserved for the most serious.

Items legally required in some jurisdictions, or voluntarily adopted for safety reasons, include bicycle helmets, generator or battery operated lights, reflectors, and audible signalling devices such as a bell or horn.

There are many professional bodies for accountants and auditors throughout the world ; some of them are legally recognized in their jurisdictions.

The arrest and long-term detention of two reformist Parliamentarians, Ma ’ mun al-Humsy and Riad Seif, in August and September 2001, respectively, and the apparent marginalizing of some of the reformist advisors in the past four years, indicate that the pace of any political reform in Syria is likely to be much slower than the short-lived Damascus Spring promised.

In spite of this display of loyalty, hundreds of Italians viewed as a potential threat to the country were interned in detention camps, some for up to 2 years.

The latter refers only to the suspect being able to and sometimes having a motive to commit the crime and in some cases witness accounts, whereas probable cause generally requires a higher degree of physical evidence and allows for longer periods of detention before trial.

Recently, some states have enacted statutes modelled on federal law that permit pretrial detention of persons charged with serious violent offenses, if it can be demonstrated that the defendant is a flight risk or a danger to the community.

It requires the pupil to remain in school at a given time in the school day ( such as lunch, recess or after school ); or even to attend school on a non-school day, e. g. " Saturday detention " held at some US schools.

They point out that the absence of records about the torture of prisoners under the secret detention program is no proof that such detentions did not involve torture, or that some detentions did not take place.

In some countries this has led to criticism, in which it is argued that this type of detention breaches the offender's human rights.

* In Italy, the house arrest ( in Italian arresti domiciliari ) is a common practice of detaining suspects, alternative to detention in a correctional facility, and is also commonly practiced on those felons who are close to the end of their prison terms, or for those whose health condition do not allow their permanence in a correctional facility, except some particular cases of extremely dangerous persons.

In China there were reported to be some 800 detention camps in 2000 ( not including Beijing ), and by then several million people had been through them.

Those with special skills or knowledge were taken to detention and interrogation centers, such as one code-named DUSTBIN, to be held and interrogated, in some cases for months.

In August 2009, Mahmoud Ahmadinejad commented in a live broadcast on the state radio on rape and torture in the Iranian prisons and said ; " In some detention centers inappropriate measures have taken place for which the enemy was again responsible.

She decided to focus upon ( 1 ) Clinton's unpopular increase in the cost of automobile registration tags and by ( 2 ) the Carter administration's sending thousands of Cuban refugees, some unruly, to a detention camp at Fort Chaffee, outside Fort Smith in Sebastian County in western Arkansas.

These collective fines ( amounting to £ 1, 000, 000 over the revolt ) eventually became a heavy burden for poor Palestinian villagers, especially when the army also confiscated livestock, destroyed properties, imposed long curfews and established police posts, demolished houses and detained some or all of the Arab men in distant detention camps.

At the same time, the party campaigned against the French colonialism in Morocco ( the Rif War ), leading to the detention of some PCF members, including Sémard.

In some schools, truancy may result in not being able to graduate or to receive credit for class attended, until the time lost to truancy is made up through a combination of detention, fines, or summer school.

Rampal ( navigator ) from the IAF's No. 106 Sqn., ejected and were captured by Pakistani authorities and were subsequently released after remaining in detention for some time.

The SMAD set up ten " special camps " for the detention of Germans, some of them former Nazi concentration camps.

He receives treatment some time later and is sent to a juvenile detention center.

It requires the pupil to go to a certain area of the school during a specified time on a school day ( either break or after school ), but also may require a pupil to attend school at a certain time on a non-school day, e. g. " Saturday detention " at some US, UK and Irish schools.

He was one of some 15-21 juveniles held at the Guantanamo Bay detention camps.

For some days he was held in detention and closely questioned as to his purpose in entering California.

Malkin supports the detention and deportation of some immigrants, regardless of legal status, on national security grounds.

Legal and moral doubts also arose over the US government's extraordinary rendition process, which ignored extradition treaties and officially sanctioned the kidnap and extrajudicial transfer of people ( some of them British citizens ), from one country to another, sometimes to one of their covert CIA-run prisons, known as black sites, other times to Guantanamo Bay detention camp.

In early June 2008 Phillips as EHRC head voiced that he " remain unpersuaded that the government has yet provided compelling evidence for what our legal advice shows would be an effective suspension of some human rights " Phillips was responding to the growing uproar surrounding proposals to amend counter-terrorism legislation to permit 42 days ' detention without charge.