Telephones, Teletypes, several kinds of radio systems and, in some cases, television, link all vital points.

Some weapons systems have become obsolescent while still in production, and some while still under development.

The mechanism of this coupling has been studied in some detail with non-enzymatic systems in vitro and can be simulated by certain di-iodotyrosine analogues ( Pitt-Rivers and James, 1958 ).

Where boundary maintenance describes the boundaries or limits of the group, systemic linkage is defined `` as the process whereby one or more of the elements of at least two social systems is articulated in such a manner that the two systems in some ways and on some occasions may be viewed as a single unit.

An advanced student has read a considerable number of descriptions of consonantal systems, including some of the more unusual types.

But no other two phonologic systems are as difficult to disentangle as are tone and intonation in some languages.

Recent work with radiocarbon and deuterated alcohols as solvents, however, has given evidence that metal-hydrido and carbonyl complexes may be readily formed by reaction with alcohol in some of these systems.

The introduction of one-shot polyether foam systems, aided by the development of new catalysts, helped to alleviate some of the problems of closed molding.

There is no corresponding right to a writ in any pure or continental civil law legal systems, though some mixed systems such as Quebec recognize these prerogative writs.

* Overview of modern and some ancient writing systems.

The Hemerocallidoideae, or day lily, subfamily of the Xanthorrhoeaceae sensu lato is treated in some systems as a separate family, the Hemerocallidaceae.

The Xanthorrhoeoideae, or grasstree, subfamily of the Xanthorrhoeaceae sensu lato is treated in some systems as a separate family, the Xanthorrhoeaceae sensu stricto.

The Asphodeloideae, or asphodel, subfamily of the Xanthorrhoeaceae sensu lato is treated in some systems as a separate family, the Asphodelaceae.

The agapanthus subfamily of the Amaryllidaceae sensu lato is treated in some systems as a separate family, the Agapanthaceae.

The allium subfamily of the Amaryllidaceae sensu lato is treated in some systems as a separate family, the Alliaceae.

The amaryllis subfamily of the Amaryllidaceae sensu lato is treated in some systems as a separate family, the Amaryllidaceae sensu stricto.

Classical Arminianism ( sometimes titled Reformed Arminianism or Reformation Arminianism ) is the theological system that was presented by Jacobus Arminius and maintained by some of the Remonstrants ; its influence serves as the foundation for all Arminian systems.

The proper use of the symbol is debated ; it is used to describe any cyclic pi system in some publications, or only those pi systems that obey Hückel's rule on others.

However, some systems have a maximum amount of energy that they can hold, and as they approach that maximum energy their entropy actually begins to decrease.

After landing, Young and Duke began powering down some of the LM's systems to conserve battery power.

Likewise, in some jurisdictions, the state or prosecution may appeal an issue of law " by leave " from the trial court and / or the appellate court.

In some cases, an appellate court may review a lower court decision " de novo " ( or completely ), challenging even the lower court's findings of fact.

Generally, there is no trial in an appellate court, only consideration of the record of the evidence presented to the trial court and all the pre-trial and trial court proceedings are reviewed — unless the appeal is by way of re-hearing, new evidence will usually only be considered on appeal in " very " rare instances, for example if that material evidence was unavailable to a party for some very significant reason such as prosecutorial misconduct.

In some places, the appellate court has limited powers of review.

In some jurisdictions, courts able to hear appeals are known as an appellate division.

Harvey A. Silverglate, a prominent defense attorney who represented Milken during the appellate process, disputes that view in his book Three Felonies a Day: “ Milken ’ s biggest problem was that some of his most ingenious but entirely lawful maneuvers were viewed, by those who initially did not understand them, as felonious, precisely because they were novel – and often extremely profitable .”

In some countries, such as the USA, the term is exclusively used for decisions from bodies discharging judicial functions, such as selected appellate courts and courts of first instance.

Decisions of one appellate department are not binding upon another, and in some cases the departments differ considerably on interpretations of law.

' He further observed that ' the only modes known to the common law to re-examine such facts was the granting of a new trial by the court where the issue was tried, or the award of a venire facias de novo, by the appellate court, for some error of law that had intervened in the proceedings.

In appellate review, error typically refers to mistakes made by a trial court or some other court of first instance in applying the law in a particular legal case.

For instance, in some state courts the prosecution can lodge an appeal after a defendant is acquitted: although the appellate court cannot set aside a not-guilty verdict due to double jeopardy, it can issue a ruling as to whether a trial court's ruling on a particular issue during the trial was erroneous.

Furthermore, appellate courts in such jurisdictions will not question the facts as found by a judge or jury in the trial court as long as there was some evidence in the record to support such findings, even if the appellate judge himself or herself would not have personally believed the underlying evidence if he or she had been present in the trial court when such evidence was entered into the record.

Traditionally, intentional contact between vehicles has been characterized as unlawful deadly force, though some U. S. federal appellate cases have mitigated this precedent.

The United States Courts of Appeals are appellate courts that hear appeals of cases decided by the district courts, and some direct appeals from administrative agencies, and some interlocutory appeals.

The appellate court " in view of the reckless conduct of the defendants in the flagrant copying that infringed the rights of Itar-Tass, the rights of the authors, and very likely some aspects of the limited protectable rights of the newspapers " left the injunction in force until the district court would, on remand, issue a new ruling.

The higher trial court may also have some power of appellate review over the lower.

The Constitutional Court is primarily an appellate court, hearing appeals on constitutional matters from the Supreme Court of Appeal or in some cases directly from the High Courts.

Unlike some other final appellate courts internationally, there is no automatic right of appeal to the Supreme Court of New Zealand.

In some states, the latter type of trial courts often also have appellate jurisdiction from the more specialized courts, and are therefore called superior courts to distinguish them from inferior courts.

It is also true that when a motion is made before or during trial that the lawyers conduct themselves before the judge in a manner similar to the presentation of the case on appeal, the lawyers present their arguments to the judge in a more conversational mode ; in some pre-trial proceedings these appearances may not be recorded by court stenographers as they are invariably recorded in appellate proceedings.

For example if the law is vague or broad enough to allow the appellate judge some discretion in his decision making, an exploration of the consequences of the possible decision outside of legal formalism may provide guidance.

Depending on state law, appeals are moved to appellate courts ( also called appeals courts, courts of appeals, superior courts, or supreme courts in some states ).